Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'court backlog'
Page 29 of 44
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Apr 30th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- When I got on the case, my first appearance in court due to CPS's removal, the child was down to the
- In family court, that's a tough, tough road.
- I know that there was a big court case, just working through this, making sure.
- The court case didn't have anything to do with arbitration.
- Rather than taking it to court all the time, learn to work
Keywords:
Medicaid, lactation, healthcare, consultation, reimbursement, maternal health, infant care, child protection, adult protective services, advisory committee, Department of Family and Protective Services, investigations, advisory committee, child protective services, investigations, due process, standardization, child protection, adult protective services, investigations
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Health and Human Services covered multiple bills focusing on healthcare, education, and child welfare. A key highlight was the presentation of Senate Bill 3001, which aims to add medical nutrition counseling as a Medicaid service for patients with chronic conditions. Chairman Korkhorst emphasized the importance of this bill in addressing healthcare needs in low-income communities. Public testimony was gathered, with several professionals supporting the inclusion of nutrition services to improve health outcomes for Texans, particularly those battling chronic diseases. Another notable discussion revolved around Senate Bill 425, designed to enhance the accuracy of investigations into child and adult protective services. Members raised concerns regarding the need for transparency and improved protocols in these sensitive areas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Court No. 1 in 1985.
- But, curiously, he did not ask for a second court to be created by the state until the commissioner's
- court and the probate lawyers were begging.
Keywords:
Unplug Texas Day, digital detox, family activities, outdoor recreation, community engagement, Brenham, ice cream, Blue Bell Creameries, economic impact, tourism, Senate Committee on Administration, Unplug Texas Day, Health and Safety, Crossing Guard Appreciation Day, Public Testimony, Senator Hinojosa, Senator Hall, Community engagement
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Administration commenced with a quorum established, led by Chairman Hall. The committee discussed and voted on several bills, including SB2232 which promotes an annual 'Unplug Texas Day' aimed at encouraging outdoor activities and community interactions among Texans. Senator Hinojosa presented the bill, highlighting its potential health benefits and community strengthening. Testimonies were invited but none were provided, leading to a smooth passage of the bill to the full Senate.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- appellate court for any challenge.
- It can be appealed to the Supreme Court. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Any other questions for the author?
- Supreme Court.
- Supreme Court stepping back and saying, we're going to allow the states.
- Supreme Court in United States v.
Keywords:
sex designation, privacy rights, public facilities, civil penalties, gender-specific spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, employee misconduct, department file, personnel records, confidentiality, SB7, SB14, transgender rights, women's safety, public testimony, LGBTQ+ issues, law enforcement transparency
Summary:
The meeting focused on two primary bills, SB7 and SB14, which elicited passionate testimony from various stakeholders. Many speakers opposed SB7, arguing it disproportionally impacts transgender individuals under the guise of protecting women's spaces. Testimonies highlighted concerns about safety, privacy, and the potential for increased harassment against vulnerable populations, such as transgender youth. Supporters of the bill asserted it was a necessary measure for women's safety, yet critics emphasized that it would create further harm rather than protection. SB14 also saw substantial discussion regarding its implications for law enforcement record transparency, with some stakeholders supporting the need for confidentiality while others warned of accountability risks.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part I) Mar 24th, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="31" data-time="180"> I'm taking that out and putting "shall," which means all commissioner courts
- All commissioners courts shall restrict this, and it removes
- then any retailer that sells any vaping products cannot be within 1,000 feet, and all commissioners' courts
- The Commissioner's Court has approval of expenditures, the auditors, the treasurers; there are safeguards
- span marker="436" data-time="2610">The challenge was an environmental issue that went through the courts
Keywords:
ad valorem taxation, tax exemption, franchise tax credit, income production, personal property, fireworks, retail sales, regulation, public safety, holidays, municipal management, continuation elections, districts, debt management, voter approval, charter amendment, home-rule municipality, local government, petition requirements, voter approval
Summary:
The committee meeting focused primarily on the discussion of various bills aimed at addressing key issues related to housing development and youth tobacco use. Notably, SB1882 was brought to the floor by Senator Betancourt, which aims to reassess the regulations surrounding moratoriums on residential and commercial property development. Several industry representatives testified in favor of the bill, emphasizing the necessity of increased transparency and more robust guidelines for imposing moratoriums. The discussions highlighted the economic impact that open-ended moratoriums can have on local builders and potential homeowners, urging the need for legislative changes to protect development rights and housing availability.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="73" data-time="432"> The bill will be incorporated into the long-standing case law used in courts
- plaintiffs and defendants on an even footing to present their case and to help alleviate congestion in court
And so the Smith County Commissioners Court agree with
And so, again, the Morris County Commissioner's Court
- The commissioner's court is officially in support of this.
Keywords:
memorial highway, Captain Kevin Williams, Firefighter Austin Cheek, Smith County, transportation, memorial highway, transportation, Texas, veterans, commemoration, memorial designation, transportation, local honors, public awareness, community recognition, railroad, short line railroad, transportation, economic development, grant program
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on legislative discussions surrounding multiple Senate bills, with a significant emphasis on Senate Bill 2080, which aims to modernize outdated regulations affecting navigation districts and port authorities in Texas. Senator Alvarado led the discussion on this bill, highlighting its potential to streamline operations and enhance flexibility in Texas ports, aligning them with national best practices. Several members of the committee expressed support for this legislation, citing its economic implications for Texas, particularly in relation to job creation and infrastructure improvement. However, concerns were raised by representatives from the city of Corpus Christi regarding provisions within the bill that might expand the port's authority, potentially impacting local governance and tax revenue.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part I) May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
Benton Court, Birdwell, Hall, Hinojosa, Middleton, Parker
- You'll pay high premiums for the next four years if you can get into court.
- I can tell you we've experienced, since an opinion that came out in 2017 from the Texas Supreme Court
- Tipps said a minute ago, this bill really flows from the Texas Supreme Court decision of Nelson v.
- Benton Court, Birdwell, Hall, Hinojosa, Middleton, Parker, Perry, Schwertner, Zaffirini.
Keywords:
committee meeting, HB4749, SB621, HB201, HB3133, deepfake legislation, social media, public testimony, tactical medical professionals
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the committee saw extensive discussion surrounding several key bills, including HB4749, SB621, and HB201. Notably, HB3133, which involves legislation regarding explicit deepfake content and social media, was presented and debated vigorously with a committee substitute being proposed to align it with federal standards following the recent federal 'Take It Down' Act. The committee moved to report several bills favorably, including HB1506, emphasizing support for updating laws concerning political contributions and expenditures. Public testimonies were held on various bills, allowing stakeholders to voice their perspectives, particularly on legislation concerning tactical medical professionals and their role during high-risk incidents. The committee concluded the meeting by laying out additional bills for further discussion in subsequent sessions, underscoring a commitment to thorough legislative review.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It also provides for court costs and attorney fees.
- filed in error, they may request an expedited court hearing
- So a homeowner in an HOA has to file in small claims court
- They can file a lawsuit in small claims court.
- You're going to have to take them to court.
Keywords:
real property, Texas State Library, leases, capital improvements, public accessibility, combative sports, licensing, regulation, criminal offense, event approval, advisory boards, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, public members, occupational regulations, professional standards, fraudulent financing, secured transactions, business regulation, lending institutions, affidavit process
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee featured extensive discussions centered around numerous bills, with a particular focus on Senate Bill 1705 concerning virtual currency kiosks. During this discussion, members expressed concerns regarding the potential for fraud and the need for regulation surrounding cryptocurrency exchanges. Testimonies from law enforcement emphasized the increase in fraud cases associated with these kiosks, leading to a consensus on the need for consumer protection measures. The committee favorably reported several other bills with unanimous votes, showcasing a collaborative effort amongst senators to address various legislative concerns effectively.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships May 19th, 2025 at 02:05 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- the court administration to conduct an interim study on the
The substitute also outlines who at the Office of Court
Bills:
SB66
Keywords:
disability, supported decision-making, legal assistance, confidentiality, access to justice, autonomy, civil rights, advocacy, Senate Bill 66, supportive decision-making, disability rights, guardianship reform, legal implications, Attorney-client privilege
Summary:
The meeting focused on Senate Bill 66, which addresses supportive decision-making agreements for individuals with disabilities. The bill aims to provide an alternative to full guardianship, allowing those with the ability to make their own choices the supportive assistance they may need. There was a discussion about the implications of authorizing such a supporter during legal proceedings, especially concerning confidentiality and attorney-client privilege. Some concerns were raised regarding how these agreements would work in practice, prompting the committee to consider conducting a study on these legal and ethical implications before proceeding further.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Mar 3rd, 2025 at 11:03 am
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- services include financial assistance, home monitoring, modifications, service dogs, veteran treatment courts
- We support the veterans treatment courts with these grant programs to keep them running, and we also
- Court of Appeals, they can charge a fee, and that is legal, but that is only on appeal; that is not for
- We talked about the Veterans Treatment Court and the issues that came up, and so I'll be working with
- ...to the judge at the convicting court in Kamau County.
Keywords:
Defense and Veterans Affairs, veteran services, legislation, recruitment, retention, community support, entrepreneur programs, home loans
Summary:
The meeting of the Defense and Veterans Affairs Committee served as the inaugural session for the legislative year, focusing on various significant veteran issues and programs. Chairman Cortez led discussions around the upcoming legislative workload, with an estimated 75 bills anticipated for review. Members acknowledged the importance of addressing recruitment and retention challenges within the defense forces, with insights on necessary facility upgrades and the impacts on local communities. Collaborative efforts, such as home loan programs and the Veteran Entrepreneur Program, were highlighted to demonstrate the support provided to veterans in transitioning to civilian life. The committee emphasized the vital role of outreach initiatives to ensure veterans are aware of available services.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 26th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- States you're in court.
- >
HB 3719 by Frank addresses the jurisdiction of County Courts
- data-time="4662">HB 3757 by Erin Zwiener relates to the writ to invoke the jurisdiction of the district court
HB 3783 by Hull relates to a court order for counseling
- span marker="826" data-time="4950"> HB 3794 by Darby relates to the procedures for a commissioner's court
Keywords:
healthcare, education, legislation, workforce development, advanced technology, Cancer Prevention, public health
Summary:
The committee meeting highlighted a series of bills focused on various legislative concerns, including healthcare, education, and regulatory measures. The discussion was notably lively, with several members expressing strong support for initiatives aimed at enhancing workforce development in the healthcare sector. Specific bills such as HB3801 and HB3803 were examined, with members detailing the benefits of establishing dedicated councils to improve local health resonating throughout the meeting. Additionally, the incorporation of advanced technologies in the education system was a focal point, particularly in relation to HB3828 regarding the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Because it's better to enter into the NDA than to go to court.
- The BSA has NDAs with hundreds of claimants that settled out of court.
- Their court process.
- The law has become paralyzed, and there is no justice in the courts.
- with hundreds of children that have experienced abuse and been involved in the criminal and civil court
Keywords:
sexual abuse, nondisclosure agreements, confidentiality agreements, public policy, victim rights, property owners' association, free speech, assembly rights, government officials, political candidates, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, elections, scannable ballots, voting technology, paper ballots, electoral process
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs convened to discuss critical legislation aimed at preventing child sexual abuse, focusing on HB748 and SB835. Both bills received significant support from various witnesses, including representatives from the Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops, who emphasized the importance of eliminating non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) that allow perpetrators to escape accountability. Witnesses shared impactful personal testimonies, illustrating the harmful effects of NDAs on survivors and stressing the need for a transparent legal environment to protect vulnerable populations. The atmosphere underscored a collective commitment to reform and to stop allowing predators to hide behind confidentiality clauses.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Mar 18th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- These laws have never been challenged in court, nor is there a single documented instance of anyone in
- They're not real courts. They allow hearsay. All the attorneys know the...
This is Benton Court, right?
- Senator Benton Court? Yes. Okay.
- They had to take hospitals to court to find out from the nine attorneys that showed up for the hospital
Keywords:
immunization, written informed consent, civil liability, health care provider, vaccine compensation, administrative penalty, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, conscience protection, health care services, civil remedy, disciplinary action, health care providers, patient access, hospital safety, emergency room, bollards
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was focused predominantly on various bills concerning healthcare and insurance policies, reflecting significant discussions on how these laws impact the community. Notably, Senate Bill 660 was introduced to enhance safety measures at healthcare facilities, discussing the necessity for bollards to prevent unauthorized vehicular access, highlighting a bipartisan understanding of public safety. Senator West emphasized the importance of these regulations, citing real-world incidents that necessitate such actions. Public testimonies complimented this discussion, providing insight into community needs for enhanced security in hospitals.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Apr 1st, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- ...in court. Do the rules say that?
- staff and your staff talked about having to have some open... just similar to what the commissioners' courts
- relating to the assignment of a visiting judge of certain retired or former constitutional county court
- Supreme Court decision on certain state revenue and allocation of certain constitutional transfers, and
- Davis, relating to the age at which a child may express a preference to the court in issues regarding
Keywords:
occupation tax, securities, financial regulation, tax exemption, legislative amendment, school district, ad valorem tax, local revenue, tax collection, education funding, emergency communication, infrastructure, first responders, grant program, interoperability, Texas Interoperability Council, local governments, sales tax exemption, exotic animals, game animals
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on H.J.R. 4, a proposed constitutional amendment that aims to prohibit taxes on securities transactions and occupation taxes on securities market operators. Representative Meyer introduced the resolution, explaining its intention to prevent the state legislature from imposing such taxes indefinitely. The proposal received unanimous support from the Ways and Means Committee but faced scrutiny from other members concerned about its implications for equity and taxation in Texas. Key discussions highlighted the potential long-term consequences of locking in tax breaks for wealthier entities, particularly amid rising living costs for ordinary Texans.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- span>
I commend this committee; I commend Senator Benton Court
- Court made the point that it's three times, or three and
- The courts have already ruled that.
- ...is finalized through the courts.
- Senator Bretton Court moves that Senate Bill 4 be reported
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, property tax relief, homestead exemption, SB4, SJR2, public testimony, local government spending, Texas economy
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around significant discussions regarding property tax relief, particularly through Senate Bill 4 (SB4) and Senate Joint Resolution 2 (SJR2). Chairman Bettencourt and other committee members expressed strong support for increasing the homestead exemption to $140,000, emphasizing the necessity of this adjustment in light of a multi-billion dollar revenue surplus. Public testimonies revealed a mix of support and opposition, highlighting the complexities of local government spending and its impact on tax relief effectiveness. Witnesses articulated concerns about rising property taxes and urged the committee to consider systemic reforms to enhance the efficacy of tax relief initiatives.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Transportation Funding Mar 10th, 2025 at 10:03 am
House S/C on Transportation Funding
Transcript Highlights:
Our County Commissioner Court gets one answer; I get
- Cameron County Commissioners Court has imposed an additional $10 for every registered vehicle in the
- In 2015, the Cameron County Commissioners' Court approved a countywide transportation reinvestment zone
- For any reason, if additional funds are needed for any projects, the Commissioners Court has the ability
- Obviously, we get input from the commissioner's court to set the priorities and all the different areas
Keywords:
transportation funding, Proposition 1, Proposition 7, TXDOT, Cameron County, transportation infrastructure, public testimony, funding shortfall, state transportation
Summary:
The meeting of the Standing Subcommittee on Transportation addressed crucial issues relating to state transportation funding, focusing primarily on Propositions 1 and 7. The discussions, led by Chairman Canales, highlighted the significant contribution these propositions make to Texas's transportation budget and the impending challenges tied to a projected funding shortfall of $15 billion. Mark Williams, Executive Director of TxDOT, along with Stephen Stewart, CFO, emphasized the importance of sustained funding to support Texas’s growing infrastructure needs amidst rising costs and diminishing revenue sources, notably due to changes in vehicle fuel efficiency and increased reliance on electric vehicles. Notable public testimony from Pete Sepulveda from the Cameron County Regional Mobility Authority provided insights into local funding mechanisms and their role in enhancing the regional transportation networks.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 25th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Because as a person who's in the court almost every day when I'm not here, there's an effort that we
- They walk into court and oftentimes they're still in that same space, and we're hoping that those people
- Adult complainants are presumed to have more credibility in court, and allowing prior bad acts to show
- span marker="591" data-time="5895">And when you say offense, does that mean they were convicted in a court
- And then that's what they could be judged on in the court hearing for the current charge that they're
Bills:
HB207, HB235, HB324, HB449, HB463, HB502, HB1121, HB1445, HB1465, HB1778, HB1977, HB2000, HB2066, HB2596
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, obscenity laws, visual material, anatomically correct dolls, mannequins, robots, criminal offenses, sexually explicit material, anatomically correct dolls, minors, artificial intelligence, sexually explicit, child protection, visual material, artificial intelligence, doll, mannequin, robot, law enforcement
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on a range of bills addressing important topics such as artificial intelligence and sexual exploitation laws. Notably, House Bill 235, which aims to add civil and criminal liability for the use of AI-generated deepfake materials, garnered discussion from multiple members and witnesses, including Adrian Shelley from Public Citizen who expressed support for the bill. Concerns about ensuring the legislation's clarity and enforcement were raised. Additionally, House Bill 207 was presented, which seeks to expand definitions within sexual offense laws to include representations involving anatomically correct dolls, eliciting varied perspectives from representatives during the debate.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider S.558, to provide for the consideration of a definition of antisemitism set forth by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance for the enforcement of Federal antidiscrimination laws concerning education programs or Apr 30th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And the First Amendment, the Constitution, the Supreme Court...
- The Supreme Court ruled that you can say terrible things.
- ="2736"> to become law and will just make this definition very confusing for an administration or courts
The Supreme Court made it clear in Brandenburg versus
- In contradiction to the Supreme Court and the First Amendment
Keywords:
civil rights, higher education, discrimination, complaints, awareness campaign, antisemitism, discrimination, education, Civil Rights Act, IHRA definition, federal enforcement, Jewish community, anti-discrimination laws, Anti-Semitism Awareness Act, Protecting Students on Campus Act, First Amendment, Senator Tim Scott, free speech, college campuses, civil rights
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on reviewing two significant bills: S558, the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2025, and S163, the Protecting Students on Campus Act. Senator Tim Scott introduced S558, emphasizing its importance in combatting anti-Jewish violence and harassment, and providing the Department of Education with necessary tools to investigate incidents of anti-Semitism on college campuses. The bill sparked a vigorous debate among members who expressed concerns over potential implications for free speech, particularly regarding its definitions of anti-Semitism, and whether it would infringe upon First Amendment rights.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="234">The House has passed the following measures: inviting the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- /span> HCR5 by Leach inviting the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- data-time="2826"> HCR5 provides for a joint session on February 26th for the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, Coastal Bend, Texas Senate, celebration, heritage, community, Chambers County, celebration, recognition, historical significance, Texas history
Summary:
The meeting involved discussions surrounding several legislative resolutions, including SR42 which recognized February 12th as Coastal Bend Day and highlighted the importance of the Coastal Bend region and its contributions to Texas. Senator Hinojosa introduced the resolution, welcoming local leaders and acknowledging the cultural and economic significance of the area. The session featured a vibrant celebration of the Coastal Bend’s unique identity, including recognition of its industries, communities, and ongoing efforts to promote economic growth.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part II) Apr 28th, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="7" data-time="36">SJR 60 proposes a constitutional amendment to authorize commissioners' courts
And after the demonstrative ruling by the 15th Court
- Charles Reed here on behalf of the Dallas County Commissioner’s Court to testify against this bill.
- I don’t think that adding a board seat just for the Commissioner’s Court in exchange for six to seven
- As Chairman, that in court has gotten us to the point over the last four sessions.
Bills:
SB250, SB375, SB536, SB845, SB1633, SB1944, SB1957, SB2081, SB2137, SB2262, SB2299, SB2419, SB2452, SB2522, SB2549, SB2594, SB2605, SB2631, SB2639, SB2675, SB3029, SJR60, HB22, HB1392, HB2525
Keywords:
municipal annexation, railroad, adjacent areas, local government, property rights, healthcare provider, Harris County Hospital District, hospital funding, healthcare services, public health program, home loans, nurses, veterans, public servants, Texas Heroes program, low-interest loans, social workers, home loans, housing assistance, veterans
Summary:
The meeting of the committee effectively reviewed and voted on multiple bills pertaining to public safety, affordable housing, and local governance. Notably, Senator Cook introduced SB2262, which grants municipalities authority to regulate automated defibrillators, aiming to enhance public health responses in urban areas. Public testimony was heard on several bills, illustrating community support and concerns, particularly around affordable housing issues raised by Senator Menendez's SB2137, which seeks to improve access to low-income housing by altering existing criteria used by the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs. Additionally, the discussions also touched on the impact of various bills on local governance and property rights, highlighting the committee's aim to address essential services within communities effectively.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Apr 7th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- The court is present now. We'll move forward.
- had other federal court litigation outstanding and that we
- Instead, they filed a lawsuit in federal court against the PEC, our client, and the other developer.
- Both the Federal District Court and the Fifth Circuit Court ruled in our favor, and the CCN holder's
We were released from it, and the federal court and
Keywords:
water management, Senate Bill 1190, groundwater certification, water loss mitigation, public testimony, Senate Bill 1855, infrastructure, water supply
Summary:
The committee meeting was centered around critical discussions on various bills aimed at improving water management and mitigating losses in municipal water systems. Notably, Senate Bill 1190 sparked significant conversation regarding the high water loss rates among large utilities, with stakeholders emphasizing the need for stringent, consistent validation measures and penalties. The chair expressed appreciation for the collaborative efforts to enhance groundwater management through Bill 1855, which aims to clarify the certification process for groundwater availability, addressing concerns on the ambiguities in the previous legislation. Public testimonies were heard, with supportive sentiments towards improving water conservation strategies and accountability measures within water utilities.