Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'fiscal impact'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Mar 10th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- to Brownsville, and the impacts to South Texas and farmers
- "652" data-time="3906">But prior to the drought that they've currently experienced, the prolonged impact
- significant agricultural and economic impacts across the
- The negative impacts of Mexico failing to meet its water
- to have a larger impact across the state.
Keywords:
water crisis, 1944 Water Treaty, Senate Bill 744, Senate Bill 1248, SCR 13, water management, agriculture, Hidalgo County
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant discussions focused on water resource management and legislative measures required to address the ongoing water crisis in Texas, particularly the implications of non-compliance with the 1944 Water Treaty by Mexico. Chair Senator Perry highlighted the urgent need to enforce water allocation agreements as they have direct impacts on Texas agriculture and local economies. Notably, Senate Bill 744 and Senate Bill 1248 were passed, addressing the pressing needs for improved water management practices and data protection for wildlife information gathering, respectively. There was overwhelming support expressed for SCR 13, emphasizing the necessity for action to ensure Mexico meets its water obligations, which are critical for sustaining Texas's agricultural sectors and economic stability.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine constructing the Surface Transportation Reauthorization bill, focusing on United States Secretary of Transportation's perspective. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Environment and Public Works Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- also being accountable to the American people to make sure that their investments are efficient and impactful
- ...impactful investments.
- the next surface transportation reauthorization bill, we must make investments that optimize the impact
- These three bills could be significant, and they could be impactful.
- One is regarding construction costs for infrastructure that we know particularly impact highways.
Keywords:
surface transportation, infrastructure reauthorization, bipartisan collaboration, safety, federal programs, funding challenges, bureaucracy, transportation needs, critical projects, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on the development of the next surface transportation reauthorization bill. Discussions centered around key principles aimed at improving the safety and reliability of the transportation network, reforming federal programs for efficiency, and addressing the diverse transportation needs across various states. Members emphasized the importance of bipartisan collaboration to streamline processes, eliminate bureaucratic delays, and ensure timely funding for critical infrastructure projects. There were also notable conversations about specific projects and funding challenges, reflecting the urgency for action and commitment to modernizing America's infrastructure.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 4th, 2025 at 02:02 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="3" data-time="48">We ask for your wisdom and guidance as we make decisions that will impact
- We ask for your wisdom and guidance as we make decisions that will impact the lives of many.
- Not only that, but our children who are impacted by the foster care system are hurting.
- Not only that, but our children who are impacted by the foster care system are hurting.
The economic impact is significant.
Keywords:
Texas Energy Day, SCR 11, property taxes, educational reform, legislative inaction, H.R. 127
Summary:
The committee meeting highlighted several key resolutions, including the recognition of various days to celebrate regions and groups within Texas. Notably, H.R. 127 was passed, recognizing February 4th, 2025, as Texas Energy Day, underscoring the significance of the oil and gas industry in Texas' economy. During discussions, Representative Harrison voiced strong opposition to SCR 11, expressing concerns over legislative inaction and advocating for tackling pressing issues like property taxes and educational reform. His remarks underscored frustrations with the current leadership’s handling of significant legislation, suggesting a pattern of strategic inaction to avoid accountability.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine District Judges, focusing on exploring legislative solutions to the bipartisan problem of universal injunctions. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- 9" data-time="96">If judges had not been able to issue a nationwide injunction, what would be the impact
- he's withdrawing security clearances for some members of those law firms, which, of course, would impact
- What is the impact of those executive orders on the targeted firms?
- span marker="9" data-time="96">Right, Member Durbin, you would have to ask those law firms what the impact
- What is the impact of those executive orders on the targeted firms?
Keywords:
universal injunctions, legislative reforms, judicial authority, executive power, balance of power, judicial overreach
Summary:
During this meeting, the committee focused on the implications of universal injunctions, which have become a significant concern in recent years. The discussion centered around various legislative proposals aimed at addressing the perceived overreach of district judges who issue nationwide injunctions that affect policies across the entire country. Several members expressed the belief that such injunctions undermine judicial authority and disrupt the balance of power between the judiciary and executive branches. Expert witnesses testified about the historical context of universal injunctions and the necessity for reforms that would limit the power of courts to grant remedies benefitting non-parties.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Mar 27th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And hope of impact.
- Impact equity in a community.
- So, wanting to be able to pass things that impact...
- Impact if this were to pass.
- Austin has not seen significant impact from the repeal of its occupancy laws.
Keywords:
zoning, public notice, local government, residential development, protests, water conservation, municipal utility districts, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, environmental regulation, groundwater management, nonconforming uses, zoning regulations, land use, property rights, municipal authority, recreational vehicle parks, campgrounds, construction standards, safety regulations, fire protection
Summary:
The meeting centered around discussions on land use and zoning regulations, prominently featuring HB24 and HB3172. Representative Orr emphasized the importance of reforming the existing zoning laws to empower property owners and streamlined processes for development. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the impact of the current supermajority requirements which hinder necessary housing projects, creating frustration among local developers and advocates for affordable housing. Notable support was expressed for these bills, highlighting the necessity for cities to modernize their zoning systems to facilitate growth and adequate housing development.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...has made a decision that negatively impacted people, and
- It's, as a practical matter, going to have an impact here
- It's a basic issue of fairness, and we've been working with some widows who are impacted by this.
- For some insurers, there's no impact.
This does all of this without a significant impact
Bills:
HB712, HB722, HB946, HB1687, HB1809, HB1899, HB2528, HB2583, HB2741, HB2750, HB3021, HB3150, HB3265, HB3658, HB3812, HB3960, HB4392, HB4432
Keywords:
prostate cancer, health benefit plans, insurance coverage, cost sharing, preventive health care, auto insurance, total loss evaluation, disclosure, insurance materials, vehicle appraisal, health benefits, out-of-pocket expenses, government employees, deductibles, medical services, fireworks, public safety, age requirement, permits, occupational licenses
Summary:
The meeting of the committee included discussions concerning various bills primarily related to insurance policies, their regulations, and procedures. Notably, HB3812 was introduced to further streamline the prior authorization process in healthcare, enhancing the ease for practitioners to receive approvals for common procedures. The committee also deliberated over HB2213, which focused on the restructuring of the board of directors for the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association, and there was broad consensus to move it forward. Several other bills, such as HB2518, addressing installment premium payment plans for windstorm insurance, were also discussed and moved to be reported favorably without amendments.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development May 21st, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I have many of these small business owners who are impacted by natural disasters.
- Every one of our counties is impacted.
- What about, was there anything looked into, like a negative financial impact?
- I wasn't aware of it, and I certainly wasn't aware of the impact.
- We do have some concerns about the impact that it could have on the cost.
Keywords:
discrimination, trade association, membership rights, professional organizations, freedom of speech, discrimination, professional association, trade association, membership rights, freedom of speech, social media, bot accounts, misinformation, disclosure, civil penalty, Texas legislation, Economic Development, SB315, SB584, SB7105
Summary:
The meeting of the Economic Development Committee was marked by a series of important discussions surrounding a range of bills, including SB315, SB584, and SB7105. SB2670, which aims to protect businesses from misleading solicitations, was highlighted during the session, where its provisions were debated among committee members. Additionally, SB2637 was presented to tackle misinformation disseminated on social media platforms. Witnesses provided insights into the implications of these bills, specifically focusing on consumer protection and the balance between technological advancement and public safety. The chair urged thoughtful consideration of the bills in the context of their impact on both businesses and residents of the state.
The meeting concluded with a call for further analysis of several key bills that were left pending, indicating strong interest in ensuring that legislations align with public interests while addressing modern challenges posed by technology and misleading practices. Attendance was robust, with committee members actively engaging with witnesses and each other to ensure comprehensive discussions were had. Notable commentary emphasized the need for regulations to adapt to the evolving digital landscape and protect citizens from dishonest business practices.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
An oversight hearing to examine Native American education, focusing on Federal programs at the U.S. Department of Education. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Senate Indian Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- education programs at the Department of Education, how they impact
- families, and the schools across our states, and really why they must continue and not be negatively impacted
- Nicole Russell is the Executive Director of the National Association of Federally Impacted Schools, also
- Impact aid offsets the loss of tax revenue on tribal lands, supporting over 100,000 Native students.
Keywords:
Native education, Department of Education, federal funding, testimony, treaty obligations, public schools, educational policies, Indigenous students
Summary:
The meeting focused on the responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Education towards Native students, highlighting the importance of federal education programs that satisfy treaty obligations to Native communities. Various witnesses testified about the impact of educational policies designed to support Native students who primarily attend public schools. Concerns were voiced over recent proposals that could potentially undermine these programs, citing the role of federal funding in ensuring successful educational outcomes for Native youth. The chair of the committee emphasized the need for continued federal support and attention to the unique educational challenges faced by Indigenous populations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part I) Apr 3rd, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- So, national security analysis, letters of support from locally elected officials, environmental impact
- So, I did speak about the average residential impact.
- It could impact the entirety of the ERCOT area, so a San
- I would agree that it does impact a minority heir, but they always have the right...
- There are trickle-down effects that will have a great impact.
Bills:
SB231, SB584, SB600, SB668, SB841, SB986, SB1003, SB1244, SB1625, SB1960, SB1963, SB1964, SB2026, SB2056, SB2368
Keywords:
heirs' property, cotenants, partition action, right of first refusal, real property, public information, government transparency, bad faith requests, expedited response, attorney general authority, open records, renewable energy, distributed generation, compensation, ERCOT, electricity generation, renewable energy, distributed generation, compensation, ERCOT
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Business and Commerce Committee primarily focused on legislative issues following Hurricane Beryl, particularly Senate Bill 231, which aims to create a process for CenterPoint to compensate its customers for overcharges related to backup power and mobile generation units. During discussions, Executive Vice President Jason Ryan outlined CenterPoint's commitment to refund approximately $430 million and absorb future costs related to these generators. The bill's substitute also mandates that leased emergency generators be mobile and capable of quick deployment during significant outages, addressing previous concerns over inefficiencies experienced during past weather events.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) Apr 3rd, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It will also clarify the frequency of impact assessments and will also...
- ...a real impact on legal rights or access to vital government
- I'm here discussing how this would affect debit cards and impact our income.
- This doesn't impact Texas banks at all, but you might hear from them.
- This bill will impact the Wall Street banks, exempted by the way, while we are...
Bills:
SB231, SB584, SB600, SB668, SB841, SB986, SB1003, SB1244, SB1625, SB1960, SB1963, SB1964, SB2026, SB2056, SB2368
Keywords:
heirs' property, cotenants, partition action, right of first refusal, real property, public information, government transparency, bad faith requests, expedited response, attorney general authority, open records, renewable energy, distributed generation, compensation, ERCOT, electricity generation, renewable energy, distributed generation, compensation, ERCOT
Summary:
The meeting focused on several important legislative proposals, with significant discussions around AI regulation and copyright protections in light of emerging technologies. Notably, Senate Bill 1964, aimed at promoting ethical AI adoption within government bodies, was presented by Senator Parker. The bill received support from witnesses who emphasized the need for transparency and a regulatory framework that safeguards civil rights while fostering innovation. Conversely, concerns were raised about potential overreach and the implications for accountability in AI implementation. Additionally, Senate Bill 1960 sparked a passionate debate concerning the protection of individuals' digital likenesses from unauthorized use, highlighting the rising stakes as digital content increasingly intersects with personal rights.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 20th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- That does impact coalition districts. It does impact the issue of majority-majority.
- And that has a dramatic impact on CD35. Is that not?
- It impacts them in a very, very...
- Because indeed, it not only impacts us, but it impacts our children and our future.
- If you are proud of this impact, defend it.
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, elections, representation, district composition, Texas House, ad valorem tax, elderly, disabled veterans, public testimony, Texas legislature
Summary:
The committee meeting included extensive discussions on various bills, primarily focusing on ad valorem tax regulations and implications for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and disabled. Representative Schofield presented HB4, which revolves around setting limitations on ad valorem taxes for homesteads of disabled, elderly, and their surviving spouses. The bill sparked a thorough debate among committee members, leading to significant public testimony. Additionally, HJR No. 25 proposed by Cook focused on exempting part of the assessed value of property owned by certain disabled veterans from taxation, highlighting a priority for veteran support within the session's agenda. Overall, the meeting was marked by a strong turnout from both committee members and the public, showcasing a high level of engagement on these critical issues.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint hearings with the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs to examine the legislative presentation of The Veterans of Foreign Wars of the U.S. and multi VSOs: Paralyzed Veterans of America, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, Student Veterans Mar 4th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- In the process, he continues to claim that abruptly canceling hundreds of services will not impact veterans
- article, Army veteran Neil Riley is quoted, "Secretary Collins said specifically that it wouldn't impact
- It's one of many human examples of impact.
- voices about issues impacting their daily lives and how we
- While it's unclear this ruling will impact the thousands
Keywords:
veteran services, Secretary Collins, healthcare provisions, contract cancellations, transparency, accountability, committee meeting, legislation
Summary:
During this committee meeting, various bills were discussed with a specific focus on veteran services and healthcare provisions. Notably, the cancellation of critical contracts under Secretary Collins sparked significant debate, with representatives emphasizing the adverse impact on veteran care. The meeting featured testimonies from veterans and stakeholders who expressed their concerns regarding the potential fallout of these cancellations, demonstrating the urgency of transparency and accountability in management decisions. Discussions also delved into various legislative proposals aimed at improving services for veterans amidst these challenges.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- huge impact, and we can't solve a problem if we don't have
- ...specifically Temple and Belton PD regarding the impact
- to the community, any type of impact to the school services that could be provided if these children
- negatively impacted, because oftentimes they are.
- It also impacts prior authorizations and referrals, which
Bills:
HB1531, HB2667, HB2809, HB2865, HB3589, HB3151, HB3748, HB3750, HB4419, HB4643, HB3597, HB4129, HB4130, HB4131
Keywords:
senior living, referral agencies, consumer protection, regulation, elderly services, youth, mental health, suicide prevention, protective services, child welfare, reporting requirements, Medicaid, public assistance, ex parte renewal, eligibility, Texas, group home, licensing, regulation, health and safety
Summary:
The meeting brought forward significant discussions centered on various bills related to child welfare and mental health support, particularly focusing on the well-being of children in the custody of the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Notable bills such as HB2789 and HB2809 were thoroughly reviewed, where stakeholders highlighted the critical need for improved data collection on suicide attempts among youth in foster care. The interventions proposed aim to enhance early identification and support for these vulnerable populations. The committee members engaged with professionals and advocates who emphasized the urgency of addressing these mental health challenges.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine restoring Boeing's status as a great American manufacturer, focusing on safety first. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- HR1025 is a crucial step in supporting our economic recovery, and I'm here to provide insights on its impacts
- proven aviation industry best practices to proactively identify and manage safety risks that may impact
- The impact of our efforts is already evident to our stakeholders.
- a half billion dollars of economic impact on our state.
- What personnel changes have been made at Boeing, and how have these impacted the safety culture of the
Keywords:
Boeing, aviation safety, safety management system, military aviation, air traffic control, transparency, oversight, accountability
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on significant safety concerns surrounding Boeing and its compliance with federal aviation standards. Lawmakers expressed frustration over the Army's failure to provide requested operational transparency regarding helicopter operations near Washington, D.C., amid recent incidents indicating a strained air traffic control situation. Several members called for reform in Boeing's oversight, emphasizing the need for a robust safety culture and mandatory safety management systems to prevent future disasters like the 737 MAX crashes. The discussions were passionate, with survivors and families impacted by past accidents present, highlighting the urgency and seriousness of the issues at hand.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part II) Feb 26th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- with these amendments, as they will enhance the bill's impact
- the Food and Nutrition Division, with an understanding of school nutrition, as that would highly impact
- We've made some great impacts; we've helped people burn over
- ...and about its impact on the schoolrooms.
- ="427" data-time="2556"> With all the uptick of dementia, because this has a capacity to directly impact
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss SB25, receiving public testimonies from various stakeholders. Significant discussions centered around the implications of the bill, with multiple witnesses voicing their support and concerns. The atmosphere was engaging, with committee members actively questioning the witnesses to clarify their positions and gain deeper insights into the potential impact of the legislation. Chairman's leadership facilitated a structured dialogue that allowed for both support and opposition viewpoints to be expressed.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Agriculture & Livestock Apr 8th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House Agriculture & Livestock Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="349" data-time="2088"> $6.5 billion, meaning Texas roughly $16.5 billion in economic impact
- In 2022, we had the freeze in Texas, impacting the citrus and vegetable industries.
- span>
In 2025, a couple of weeks ago, there was a very impactful
It has significantly impacted the Far International
- fresh produce from Mexico every year, and according to Texas A&M, these imports have an economic impact
Keywords:
property owners associations, chickens, urban farming, land use, homeowner rights, agriculture, municipal regulation, governmental requirements, land use, farm management, agriculture, inspections, border control, trade, state funding, agriculture, trade inspection, cross-border trade, produce, Homeowners Association
Summary:
The meeting of the Agriculture and Livestock Committee mainly centered around discussions regarding three bills: HB4810, HB2013, and HB4163. Notable emphasis was placed on HB4810, which seeks to renew the Trade Agriculture Inspection Grant Program due to its critical role in ensuring the efficient flow of agricultural goods between Texas and Mexico. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the importance of cross-border trade and the economic impact of agricultural imports, which supports thousands of jobs and ensures a reliable food supply. The committee members engaged in thoughtful deliberations about the necessity of maintaining and expanding the program to accommodate rising trade volumes and local agricultural needs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting Aug 7th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Let's talk about the impact.
- You don't know the issues that impact us in Bexar County.
- But now the impact of all this pollution affects their communities of color.
- As stated before, this is having a serious impact on.
- The impact of that for public safety in our country.
Keywords:
redistricting, HB4, SB4, public testimony, Census 2020, flood relief, representation, special session
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Congressional Redistricting focused primarily on the discussion of HB4 and SB4, concerning the redistricting process based on the 2020 Census data. Chairman King opened the session, expressing gratitude to the committee members for their attendance and emphasizing the importance of completing redistricting within the special session's 30-day timeframe. Public testimony was a major component, with numerous individuals voicing their opinions both in favor and against the proposed redistricting maps, emphasizing issues of representation and concerns of racial injustices inherent in the process. The majority of witnesses highlighted the need for immediate attention to pressing issues such as flood relief instead of focusing solely on redistricting.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Press Conference: Testing & Accountability Aug 25th, 2025 at 09:08 am
Transcript Highlights:
- have with us students from all across Central Texas to speak about the way the STAR test in Texas impacts
- span>
So today, we are going to hear from the people most impacted
- ...that level of detail about how it impacts kids with being
- It's so impactful, so important in a way that nobody else's voice can reach people. So thank you.
Keywords:
House Bill 8, standardized testing, student testimony, education policy, mental health, parent concerns, Texas Education Agency
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on the impacts of House Bill 8, which proposes increasing the frequency of state testing for students in Texas. During the meeting, various testimonies were provided by students, highlighting their concerns about the negative effects of standardized testing on their educational experience. Students expressed that the pressure of multiple assessments causes significant stress and detracts from the joy of learning. Some lawmakers voiced their opposition to the bill, emphasizing the need for a thorough review and consideration of alternative evaluation methods that prioritize student well-being over testing metrics.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- So I would agree that this bill doesn't impact punitive damages.
- That part of the discovery process is not impacted one way or another by the bill.
- What this bill impacts the most are those who cannot pay their own bills.
- It's a minor impact collision.
- This scheme has had a profound impact on our business.
Keywords:
gambling, criminal offenses, penalties, defense, electronic devices, tobacco advertising, youth protection, public health, criminal offense, retailer regulation, e-cigarettes, nicotine products, health, public safety, regulation, e-cigarettes, advertising restrictions, public health, youth protection, health and safety
Summary:
The Senate Committee on State Affairs convened to discuss several critical pieces of legislation including SB30 and SB38. Senator Betancourt introduced a committee substitute for SB38 which underwent a smooth adoption process, moving it favorably toward the Senate. The meeting featured a mix of invited testimonies where both proponents and opponents took the floor. One notable highlight included a testimony from Melissa Casey, who criticized the current legal state as prone to fraud and detrimental to both insurers and the public at large, contending that it inflated insurance costs across the board. The discussions delved deeply into the implications of the bills on judicial processes and potential insurance ramifications, with spirited debates surrounding issues of non-economic damages and jury rights.
The atmosphere remained engaged as committee members heard varied perspectives on the bills, showcasing a robust democratic process. The meeting underscored the importance of public testimony in shaping legislation, ensuring that multiple voices were considered as the committee pressed on towards making decisions that affect the legal landscape of Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 2nd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="40" data-time="234">Members, this accountability rating system has the potential to profoundly impact
- House Bill 1363 acknowledges this reality and its impact
- taking time to reflect on the assumptions we make about people is the first step to reducing the impact
- data-time="3798">Studies have shown that acknowledgement and awareness are key to preventing the impact
- But the issue is about more than just numbers; it's about the impact on water parks.
Bills:
HB1181, HB3704, HB1363, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB3223, HB1317, HB2884, HB2176, HB4027, HB1664, HB933, HB2613, HB3353, HB2086, HB4101, HB3441, HB4145, HB3455
Keywords:
judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, criminal procedure, inquest, justice of the peace, medical examiner, family violence, autopsy, law enforcement, death investigation, water
Summary:
The Committee on Judiciary and Civil Justice held a meeting focusing on several legislative bills that address implicit bias in the judicial system. A major highlight was House Bill 1363, which seeks to implement mandatory bias training for judges to ensure fairer judicial outcomes and enhance public trust in the system. This discussion included testimony from various stakeholders who articulated the significance of addressing unconscious biases that could affect judicial decisions. There was considerable debate about the effectiveness and required duration of the training, with suggestions for extending the training frequency from two years to annually to ensure continual awareness and education amongst judges.