Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'economic stabilization fund'
Page 40 of 53
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This is crucial as our region continues to grow and our port continues to serve as a major economic engine
- And 80% of that goes back to the city for the general fund
- ...economic hardship.
- For the most economically marginalized community members, paying this fine could mean the difference
Bills:
HB767, HB1242, HB1373, HB1404, HB1708, HB1936, HB2041, HB2198, HB2270, HB2315, HB2415, HB2427, HB2455, HB2457, HB2522, HB2523, HB2686, HB2763, HB2775, HB2944, HB3034, HB1683, HB1695
Keywords:
highway designation, memorial, Montgomery County, Paul P. Mendes, transportation, Los Robles Trail, Farm-to-Market Road, Nueces County, road designation, transportation, County Road 1250, state highway system, transportation, infrastructure, Navarro County, memorial highway, Kevin Ramirez Vasquez, Ector County, transportation, state designation
Summary:
The committee meeting comprised extensive discussions on various legislative bills, focusing particularly on transportation, school safety, and accessibility issues. One prominent topic was HB3034, which seeks to clarify and expand the use of school bus stop-arm cameras, allowing communities to implement this life-saving technology more effectively. Testimony from multiple community leaders highlighted the need for clear regulations to protect children from vehicle accidents during school bus boarding and disembarking times. Concerns were raised about the potential misuse of ticketing from these cameras, with calls for accountability from the companies involved in managing these systems. Other bills such as HB2427 and HB2455 addressed the movement of commercial vehicles across international bridges, emphasizing the need for fair competition and safety in transportation infrastructure.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate of the 89th Legislature Apr 1st, 2025 at 11:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- Johnson emphasizes the need for funding and resources to support the initiatives outlined in HB1025.
- And so our public schools are funded.
- So they are a government-funded entity.
- They would have to prioritize their funding.
- It gives the local sheriff that choice to opt out if the state will not provide the funds.
Summary:
The recent Senate meeting primarily covered two resolutions, HCR65 and HCR19, both of which were passed unanimously with little to no opposition. HCR65 was introduced in memory of Tracy Lee Vincent of Longview, while HCR19 was presented to honor the late Terrell Lynn Roberts of Angleton. The meeting included brief addresses from several senators, who shared personal reflections on the impacts of the individuals being honored and expressed gratitude for their contributions to the community. This collaborative atmosphere showcased the members' capacity for camaraderie and respect, emphasizing the importance of human connection in legislative proceedings.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Apr 14th, 2025 at 02:04 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
My bill does not authorize the use of public funds
- They do not take taxpayer funds.
- fund.
- fund either after they graduate college or at a certain age where they're responsible.
- Apparently, there's no state funds involved. These are athletic departments. This is Texas.
Keywords:
education funding, Texas State Technical College System, constitutional amendment, capital projects, workforce education, military education, early registration, ROTC, corps of cadets, higher education, military academy, student athletes, name image likeness, compensation, intercollegiate athletics, representation, tuition assistance, military, Texas State Guard, education
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by significant discussions surrounding several House Bills, particularly focusing on topics such as the payment for college athletes and the commemoration of veterans. HB290 was passed with a vote of 115 to 29, while HB300, aimed at updating the Texas Armed Services Scholarship Program, garnered unanimous support with 147 votes in favor. A notable moment came during the discussion of HB2143, which proposed to dedicate a segment of a farm-to-market road in honor of Army Specialist Joey Lenz, eliciting heartfelt responses from members as they recognized his sacrifice and service to the country. Overall, the meeting included both procedural motions and passionate debates on the implications of the proposed legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) Feb 18th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Bitcoin is backed by the insights from Austrian economics.
- It is really about a continuation of what we call the Texas miracle and the economic advantage that we
Please consider alternatively establishing a fund modeled
Keywords:
clean up bills, licensing, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, public safety, professional integrity, massage therapy, electrician licensing
Summary:
The committee meeting included extensive discussions on a variety of bills, predominantly focusing on cleanup legislation aimed at aligning Texas laws with current practices and standards within various professional fields. Notable bills discussed included SB703, which addressed licensing consequences for massage establishments to close loopholes in existing law, and SB764, which related to improving procedures for electrician's licensing appeals. Several members expressed support for these measures, highlighting their importance in maintaining professional integrity and public safety. Public testimonies were received, offering insights and support from professionals in the fields impacted by these legislative changes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence S/C New Offenses and Changed Penalties May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- When this kind of reliable and predictable safety is achieved consistently, our economic vitality as
- They live off Social Security and their drug funds, and to them, going to state jail for less than a
Keywords:
public safety, criminal penalties, HB544, vulnerable populations, child abuse, consecutive sentencing, HB689, elder abuse, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussing various bills addressing public safety and criminal penalties within Texas. Notable discussions included the introduction of HB544, which aims to expand consecutive sentencing for crimes against children and vulnerable adults. Representative Gervin Hawkins highlighted the urgent need for this legislation by referencing a shocking case in Bexar County involving severe abuse, illustrating the limitations of current law in imposing adequate penalties. The bill received public support and raised awareness of the ongoing issues surrounding the safety of vulnerable populations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Committee on Congressional Redistricting, Select Aug 18th, 2025 at 05:08 pm
Transcript Highlights:
But there are some historical economic engines that
Are there any changes in the economic?
- What were the changes in economic engines to Congressional...?
- that the lack of economic interest and the lack of economic
- If we are increasing economic interest and increasing economic value in communities...
Keywords:
congressional redistricting, HB4, committee substitute, political representation, public testimony, transparency in governance
Summary:
During the meeting of the House Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting, significant discussions revolved around the proposed changes to HB4. The committee focused on a committee substitute that aimed to redraw congressional district lines to enhance Republican representation. Concerns were raised about the transparency and fairness of the redistricting process, particularly regarding input from historically underrepresented communities. Representative Woo notably objected to the lack of public testimony on the new maps, emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability in governance. Despite objections, the committee debated the necessity of the changes and eventually voted to adopt the substitute to recommend its passage to the full House.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education May 6th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- So that is like your fund balance.
- It's a risk management fund. It's a risk management fund. It's a risk management fund.
- So the risk management fund?
- Taxpayer funds, in fact, it's all state funds for Texas
- Should state-funded organizations, government state-funded organizations, be able to get
Keywords:
student transfer, public servants, education code, peace officer, servicemember, judicial officer, school security, volunteer program, retired law enforcement, veterans, public safety, school safety, criminal background check, school libraries, library advisory councils, parental rights, library materials, educational content, challenging materials, sparsity adjustment
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to discuss various proposed legislation, most notably Senate Bill 13, which addresses the management of library materials in school districts and parental rights regarding access to library catalogs. Senator Paxton introduced the bill, emphasizing the need for transparency and appropriate content in school libraries to protect children from sexually explicit materials. Discussions included testimonies from community members and stakeholders, highlighting both support and opposition based on concerns over censorship and parental authority. The committee left the bill pending for further review and discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I've also seen the change in survivors when they're given a real shot at stability and freedom.
Keywords:
trafficking, prostitution, affirmative defense, victims, criminal justice reform, trafficking, prostitution, affirmative defense, victim rights, criminal justice, judicial reform, court procedures, mental health services, criminal penalties, court security, human trafficking, victim protection, affirmative defense, abortion regulation, Senate Bill 10
Summary:
The committee meeting featured discussions on several key legislative issues, particularly focusing on human trafficking and related victim protections. Notably, Senate Bill 10 was presented by Senator Parker, aiming to provide an affirmative defense for victims of trafficking charged with crimes committed under coercion. The bill garnered significant support as witnesses provided personal testimonies highlighting the struggles faced by survivors, emphasizing the need for legal recognition of their circumstances. Additionally, Senate Bill 6 concerning the regulation of medication used in abortions was debated, with concerns raised about its potential implications on women's health rights and judicial protections for healthcare providers. The meeting included a robust exchange of views, reflecting a wide array of stakeholder interests including public health and law enforcement.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence May 7th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I think they will look at those economics—three times, as they're not economic—or, you know, however
- of non-economic damages.
- carves out economic damages.
- And I'm going to be speaking here, of course, between economic and non-economic.
- There are no limits here for economic or non-economic damages, and we've worked very hard to see...
Bills:
HB4806
Keywords:
civil action, damages, health care services, noneconomic damages, negligence, legal standards, HB4806, medical expenses, tort reform, personal injury, jury transparency, legal framework, testimonial evidence, victim rights
Summary:
The meeting addressed several bills, primarily focusing on HB4806, which aims to reform the legal framework surrounding medical expenses and personal injury claims. The discussions included strong opinions from both advocates and opponents of the bill. Advocates argued that the bill is essential to ensure fairness by allowing juries to see comprehensive evidence regarding medical costs and preventing abuses in the system. Senators and committee members expressed the need for transparency in the medical billing process while addressing concerns that the changes may adversely impact injured plaintiffs seeking justice.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- a leading and attentive business state, which in turn attracts business operations and enhances economic
Crowdfunding has become a popular way to raise funds
- One is what you've described, where I'm claiming the funds on behalf of you and I don't give them to
- Likeness was used to raise the funds, correct?
- I believe some of our offices have obtained grants or other funding to put data dashboards up on their
Bills:
HB5621, HB4904, HB5067, HB5076, HB5081, HB5354, HB4862, HB3847, HB4088, HB4157, HB2966, HB2287, HB4203, HB4803, HB4737, HB5093, HB783, HB5411, HB4281
Keywords:
motorcycle training, liability, property owners, civil liability, safety instruction, data privacy, personal information, judicial protection, cybersecurity, criminal offense, court clerks, judges, data brokers, prosecuting attorney, criminal offenses, judicial reporting, accountability, Texas Judicial Council, business organizations, corporate governance
Summary:
The meeting of the committee centered on several bills related to liability, fraud, and public safety. Representative Slauson's HB1088 concerning healthcare liability claims related to gender modifications was revisited, with discussions highlighting the implications of amendments and a contentious vote that resulted in a 7-4 decision to report it to the full House. Notably, HB4101, led by Vice Chair Hayes, introduced a committee substitute that raised the limited liability from $50,000 to $250,000 for funeral service providers in cases of mental anguish, which passed after brief deliberations. Additionally, the committee discussed HB4281 targeting fraudulent crowdfunding campaigns, aiming to provide victims legal recourse, which sparked an emotional response due to real-life implications presented by witnesses.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education May 6th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="88" data-time="522"> workforce on education and funding
- The Act maintains funding for the loan repayment program
- committee, in talking with committee members and members on the floor, loves the prosperity and the economic
- The ultimate penalty under the substitute is the loss of appropriated funds, which is obviously a very
- marker="652" data-time="3906">And being on appropriations, I can say that I know we had to increase funding
Keywords:
living expenses, higher education, student support, homeless students, financial aid, grant program, baccalaureate degrees, higher education, junior colleges, workforce development, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, competency-based education, baccalaureate degree, higher education, cost of attendance, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, dual credit, computer science, higher education, course credit
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills, with notable discussions surrounding SB37, which aims to overhaul the governance and curriculum oversight of higher education in Texas. Representative Shaheen expressed that the bill is intended to ensure that degrees earned in Texas are valuable and properly aligned with workforce demands. Witnesses presented both support and opposition to the bill, presenting various perspectives on its potential impact on academic freedom and educational quality. One associate professor voiced concerns regarding SB37, arguing it could stifle open discussions and critical thinking in classrooms by imposing political oversight on curricula. The discussion highlighted a divide between representatives who support increased legislative oversight and those who fear it will undermine educational integrity.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 14th, 2025 at 02:04 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- There will actually be an economic benefit because parents will stay employed and continue supporting
- And so we want to preserve those funds.
- It creates a grant program and funds legal organizations to help low-income kinship caregivers.
- It will create a place where funding will be available.
- We cannot fulfill all of that due to our limited funding.
Bills:
HB557, HB732, HB1892, HB1954, HB2301, HB3180, HB3405, HB3650, HB3758, HB4035, HB4621, HB4795, HB4870, HB5069, HB5137, HB5149
Keywords:
child support, arrears, court enforcement, contempt, legal protections, healthcare, insurance, cost reduction, accessibility, regulations, healthcare, impotency, marriage annulment, Family Code, Texas law, marriage annulment, impotency, family law, Texas legislation, dissolution of marriage
Summary:
The committee meeting covered a range of legislative bills centered around child welfare and family rights. Notably, House Bill 4870, presented by Representative Aisha Davis, aimed at supporting kinship caregivers by creating a grant program to alleviate the high legal fees for obtaining custody authority. The bill received strong support from testimony highlighting the importance of kinship care in keeping families together and reducing the costs associated with foster care. The witnesses included representatives from various legal aid organizations, all emphasizing the significant financial savings and emotional benefits of formalizing kinship arrangements. Additionally, discussions surrounding HB3758 focused on ensuring due process for parents in child protective services cases, stressing the need for legal protections during therapy and treatment. Observers noted the passionate debates around parental rights and child welfare, underscoring the delicate balance legislators seek to maintain.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 7th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- destroys nearly every aspect of an American girl's life, including her health, her education, her economic
- There were no funds. I couldn't get a job.
Bills:
HB168, HB1044, HB1534, HB1914, HB2240, HB2530, HB3284, HB3395, HB3515, HB3783, HB4034, HB4213
Keywords:
marriage age, minors, family law, void marriage, rights of minors, Texas marriage law, marriage ceremony, authorized officiants, family code, judges, religious leaders, parent-child relationship, family law, Department of Family and Protective Services, legal rights, notice requirements, public health, safety regulations, community health, state standards
Summary:
The committee meeting covered various legislative issues and allowed members to discuss key topics affecting their constituents. Noteworthy discussions included the implications of recent legislative changes, and several members vocalized their positions on proposed bills. The atmosphere was collaborative, with members sharing insights and engaging in debates about the best course of action for the upcoming legislative session. Various stakeholders, including experts and citizens, were invited to testify, contributing to the richness of the dialogue. Overall, the meeting represented a comprehensive effort to address pressing matters within the legislative framework, reflecting a commitment to transparency and public involvement.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Aug 5th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
House Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Use the Rainy Day Fund to fix Texas flooding.
- Can you walk me through how these funds are used?
- Infrastructure Fund.
- And where would those grant funds come from?
- This bill does not address the funding.
Keywords:
emergency management, communication, interoperability, grant program, local governments, first responders, Texas Interoperability Council, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training program, volunteer management, criminal history check, emergency communication, funding, comptroller, public safety, infrastructure, flood disaster
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on disaster preparedness and management strategies in response to recent catastrophic events in Texas, particularly concerning House Bills related to flood response and communication infrastructure. Notably, House Bill 19 was introduced to mandate that campgrounds in flood-prone areas develop actionable flood plans to ensure safety during emergencies. Stakeholders voiced strong support for the bill, emphasizing its importance for child safety in recreational areas. Additionally, House Bill 18 aimed at improving emergency communication systems received considerable attention, as members raised concerns about the need for efficient and interoperable communication during disasters. Similar themes of ensuring preparedness and safeguarding communities were echoed throughout the discussions, with experts and witnesses providing impactful testimony on the challenges confronted during recent flooding incidents in Kerr County.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Respond in full to three decades of economic warfare, currency
It reflects the economic conflict where, of course,
- I don't want someone to get the best economic result because they have to be...
- and non-economic damages.
- the economic portion of the damages, including mental and
Keywords:
election officials, confidentiality, personal information, government transparency, public safety, spirit beverages, alcoholic beverages, Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, distribution, taxation, firearms, local regulation, archery equipment, weapons, public safety, voter registration, statewide list, county requirements, election integrity, computer services contracts
Summary:
The Senate Committee on State Affairs convened to discuss three critical bills, primarily centered around national security concerns and their implications on civil liberties. Notably, Senate Bill 2514 drew significant scrutiny and opposition from various witnesses who raised alarms about how the bill could infringe upon free speech rights and privacy. The bill aims to establish a framework for identifying and monitoring foreign influence operations against Texas, specifically targeting adversaries like China and Russia. Proponents argued that such measures are necessary to protect the integrity of state governance and prevent malign foreign influence, while opponents warned that it may lead to excessive governmental oversight and potential abuse of power.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- With regard to the service groups, which is an element of the funding.
- $7 billion funding gap each year.
- If we don't fix the funding, the promises of laws like House Bill 3928 won't be enough.
- formula that leaves a $1.7 billion funding gap, so I applaud Senator Bettencourt.
- Do you think this fund restricts that, this bill, rather?
Keywords:
special education, funding, individualized education program, visual impairments, accessibility, support services, state education code, special education, funding, emergency preparedness, SB568, SB57, student safety, service intensity model, early intervention, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around special education funding and safety provisions for children with disabilities. Key discussions were led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the transformative potential of SB568, which proposes a transition to an eight-tier service intensity funding model. This model is designed to better accommodate the needs of special education students, ensuring they receive the necessary services tailored to their unique requirements. The bill received strong support from stakeholders and included testimony from educators and advocates highlighting the importance of early intervention and the need for ongoing funding support.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part II) Mar 26th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- True to the history of the program, it made it clear that the funds and contracts for the alternative
- Chair, please consider addressing this funding type issue in Senate Bill 1388.
- It better protects the fund from fraud.
- to catch up with other funding around the.
- These funds matter to Texas women. On behalf of PACN, thank you to Senator Kolkhorst.
Bills:
SB397, SB481, SB596, SB760, SB855, SB1195, SB1196, SB1233, SB1257, SB1318, SB1368, SB1388, SB1398, SB1524, SB1558, SB1589, SB1677, SB1792, SB2034
Keywords:
data privacy, consumer rights, technology, business regulation, cybersecurity, emergency preparedness, nursing facilities, assisted living, resident safety, power outage, voting by mail, assisted living, nursing facilities, legal guardian, electoral process, foster care, medical consent, out-of-network, healthcare access, Medicaid
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Health and Human Services addressed several significant pieces of legislation focused primarily on health and welfare issues in Texas. One of the central topics was SB1233, which aims to provide perinatal palliative care information to families receiving diagnoses of life-threatening conditions. Testimonies highlighted the importance of immediate access to support resources, as speakers shared personal experiences illustrating the emotional and medical implications of these diagnoses. Additionally, SB1368 was discussed, focusing on emergency preparedness within assisted living and nursing facilities, emphasizing the need for actionable contingency plans to protect vulnerable residents during power outages and emergencies. The committee explored how to ensure compliance with new standards while considering the realities faced by these facilities, especially in determining the appropriate levels of emergency power backup requirements.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence S/C New Offenses and Changed Penalties May 8th, 2025 at 08:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- Furthermore, the bill prohibits Texas entities from accepting federal funds to enforce...
- 286" data-time="1710">The bill also prevents state and local entities from accepting federal grant funds
- big things for me is that I do business consulting and I'm part of several business councils and economic
- sophisticated networks, where stolen checks are not merely cashed anymore; they are now sold on websites to fund
- penalty also diverts important financial resources that can be used to support law enforcement and to fund
Keywords:
death penalty, financial fraud, SB990, SB1362, SB1379, public safety, legislative testimony, justice system
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding several proposed bills, including Senate Bill 990, which aims to expand the death penalty criteria. This bill faced substantial opposition from various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. They expressed concerns about the effectiveness and fiscal implications of the death penalty, urging the committee to consider alternative methods for ensuring public safety. Testimony highlighted research disputing the efficacy of the death penalty as a deterrent and called for a nuanced approach to justice, particularly concerning crimes against children.
In addition to SB990, the committee reviewed SB1362 and SB1379, both related to increasing penalties for financial crimes in response to fraud surges exacerbated by the pandemic. Witnesses, including law enforcement representatives and banking officials, provided testimonies supporting these bills as proactive measures against rising financial fraud cases. The meeting concluded with motions on these bills pending further consideration, reflecting the committee's ongoing commitment to addressing these critical issues while debating the broader implications of each legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part I) May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="61" data-time="360">It requires the Hospital District to invest in compliance with the Public Funds
- Investment Act, ensuring that the district's funds are invested safely.
- these bonds, and a full accounting of how the bond proceeds are spent, including what projects are funded
- greater government transparency to public debt consumption, which remains robust in spite of national economic
Keywords:
property tax exemption, utility charges, transparency, public testimony, legislative efficiency, community service
Summary:
The meeting focused on several important bills, including discussions around HB2508, which aims to clarify property tax exemption conditions for surviving spouses of veterans. Additionally, HB1991 was discussed, emphasizing the need for transparency regarding utility charges in municipally owned systems. The chair recognized public testimonies detailing both support and concerns associated with these bills. Comprehensive discussions took place regarding the implications of utility charges on residents, highlighting the importance of accessible information for community members to understand their billing. The committee urged efficiency in reporting mechanisms that relate to municipal operations and accountability to constituents.
In addition to the legislations described, the committee was informed of the significant number of bills pending review and decisions were made to prioritize those that were urgent. The meeting concluded with a commitment to ongoing discussions and a streamlined approach to handling forthcoming bills. Members appeared engaged and responsive to public input, showcasing a collaborative commitment to legislative transparency and community service.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs (Part II) Apr 14th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="10" data-time="54"> The cap for settlement payments is set at $25,000 per violation or the economic
The economic value is set at $25,000 per occurrence or
- The district has no economic interest or entitlement to the
- And the economic value of that water...
- I don't know what the economic value of 88 million gallons was to them when they charged down at the
Keywords:
groundwater, water utilities, Senate Bill 2661, penalties, public testimony, aquifer depletion, water conservation, Senate Bill 2662, drought resources
Summary:
During this meeting, the committee had a thorough discussion centered around various Senate Bills primarily related to groundwater management and water utility regulations. Notably, Senate Bill 2661, introduced amendments to enhance penalties for over-pumping water, highlighting the growing concern over depleting aquifers and ensuring compliance with existing water use regulations. Multiple senators voiced their opinions regarding the necessity of tougher penalties and the implications for both water users and conservation methods. Public testimony was heard, with some arguing against the proposed penalties, stating they could unfairly burden farmers and landowners.