Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Texas Code of Criminal Procedure'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Mar 3rd, 2025 at 11:03 am
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- visiting many of the military bases throughout the state of Texas and getting firsthand experience of
- deliver support to all corners of the state of Texas and beyond.
- We serve the state of Texas. Very clear.
- Here in Texas, there are 148 of us.
- in the state of Texas.
Keywords:
Defense and Veterans Affairs, veteran services, legislation, recruitment, retention, community support, entrepreneur programs, home loans
Summary:
The meeting of the Defense and Veterans Affairs Committee served as the inaugural session for the legislative year, focusing on various significant veteran issues and programs. Chairman Cortez led discussions around the upcoming legislative workload, with an estimated 75 bills anticipated for review. Members acknowledged the importance of addressing recruitment and retention challenges within the defense forces, with insights on necessary facility upgrades and the impacts on local communities. Collaborative efforts, such as home loan programs and the Veteran Entrepreneur Program, were highlighted to demonstrate the support provided to veterans in transitioning to civilian life. The committee emphasized the vital role of outreach initiatives to ensure veterans are aware of available services.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm here on behalf of the Texas Taxpayers and Research Association to testify in favor of House Bill
- behalf of the Texas Association of School Boards, and you are here to testify against the bill.
- growth that the state of Texas budget has experienced.
- I'm the Mayor Pro Tem of Irving, Texas, and I'm very privileged to represent the voters of District 1
- Throughout all of the purview of the state of Texas.
Keywords:
property tax, taxing units, enrollment growth, inflation rate, notice requirements, nonprofit, ad valorem tax, agriculture, youth support, educational support, Texas legislation, voter-approval, tax rate, taxing units, property tax, local government, property tax, HB17, SB10, taxpayer transparency
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several significant bills, particularly HB17 and SB10, both of which address property tax regulations in Texas. HB17 aims to enhance transparency and accountability in taxpayer notifications regarding property tax rate changes, requiring taxing entities to provide detailed information in notices. The bill received mixed reactions, with some supporting its intention to empower taxpayers while others criticized it as an unfunded mandate. Meanwhile, SB10 proposes to lower the voter approval tax rate for larger municipalities from 3.5% to 2.5%, sparking debates about its potential impact on public safety funding and local governments' financial flexibility. The discussions delved into the challenges posed by budget constraints and the need for efficient local governance in the face of rising costs and public safety demands. Overall, the meeting was well-attended, featuring robust discussions and a variety of perspectives around key legislative initiatives affecting Texas residents.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- of Texas problems.
- Craig Idle on behalf of Texas Trial Lawyers.
- the subsidies of the Texas Energy.
- the state of Texas.
- the policies in the state of Texas.
Keywords:
dispatchable generation, electricity, natural gas, ERCOT, energy credits, utilities regulation, renewable energy, arbitration, insurance contracts, surplus lines, Texas law, insurance policy, collective bargaining, public work contracts, labor unions, state funding, government contracts, insurance, declination, cancellation
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Business included significant deliberations on multiple bills, specifically SB765, SB929, and SB455. Notably, Senator King advanced SB765 amid discussions on its committee substitute, clarifying issues related to confidentiality protections for law enforcement. The committee unanimously adopted the substitute, indicating broad support. Moving on, SB929 was similarly discussed, with minor amendments clarified before being favorably reported without objections. This reflects a positive atmosphere aimed at smoothing the legislative process for these initiatives.
Senator Melton presented SB455, which addresses Texas law and arbitration for surplus lines of insurance that faced a veto in the previous session. This bill aims to establish arbitration processes that are more favorable to Texas policyholders by mandating that disputes be governed by Texas law and conducted within Texas. Stakeholders voiced strong support for this bill, emphasizing the importance of upholding Texas jurisdiction over such disputes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm in favor of a bill that would protect the families of Texas in the case of catastrophic events.
- For the record, my name is Mark Bell, on behalf of AECT, the Association of Electric Companies of Texas
- You're testifying on behalf of the Texas Eagle Forum, and you are in support of SB75.
- and ensure the future of Texas' energy sector.
- of Electric Companies of Texas and you're new.
Keywords:
county funding, prosecutors' offices, elections, law enforcement, local government, municipal libraries, state funding, gender identity, public events, children's literature, wildfire response, volunteer fire departments, electric grid security, public funding, literacy programs, emergency management, community safety
Summary:
The committee meeting was focused on several critical pieces of legislation, particularly SB34 aimed at enhancing wildfire response capabilities for volunteer fire departments throughout Texas. This bill introduces a statewide database for firefighting equipment and raises the grant cap for rural volunteer fire departments. Various witnesses, including experts and stakeholders, testified in support of the bill by emphasizing the increasing wildfire threats experienced in recent years. The committee spent considerable time addressing the amendments and concerns surrounding ongoing wildfire risks, ensuring that necessary resources are allocated to combat this urgency effectively. Discussion also revolved around SB75, a bill that seeks to codify security measures for the Texas electric grid in response to potential electromagnetic pulse threats and other vulnerabilities, with multiple testimonies highlighting the considerable risks posed to public safety and infrastructure if inaction persists.
In addition to other bills discussed, there were notable debates around SB18 which aims to restrict public funding for libraries hosting certain performances. Critics expressed concerns over the potential limitations on community literacy programs, drawing attention to the overwhelming need for inclusive educational resources to combat literacy issues in Texas. The rigorous dialogue reflected the committee's commitment to not only legislative processes but also the significant impact these decisions hold for the broader Texas community. Overall, the meeting was well-attended, indicating active participation from both members and the public.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Feb 25th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Article III
Transcript Highlights:
- of Texas.
- University of North Texas.
- of Texas.
- Phaeton, Chancellor of Texas Women's University and President of Texas Women's...
- of Texas.
Keywords:
mental health, loan repayment program, funding, Behavioral Health Innovation Grant, rural communities, higher education, testimony, legislative changes
Summary:
The meeting focused on key funding initiatives related to mental health and higher education in Texas, highlighting the importance of sustaining the loan repayment program for mental health professionals. Public testimony underscored a significant 600% increase in applications resulting from recent funding and legislative changes, positioning Texas as a critical area for addressing mental health provider shortages, particularly in rural communities. The discussion also touched on the Behavioral Health Innovation Grant Program, which remains unfunded despite its potential to further strengthen the state’s workforce pipeline.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I am the Deputy Director of Texas A&M Forest Service.
- That includes the other areas of those East Texas areas, Bastrop, and obviously some of the South Texas
- the Republic of Texas.
- of 1988 when it was ratified by the people of Texas.
- both chambers and, of course, the positive ratification by the people of Texas in November.
Keywords:
tax penalties, interest calculation, overpayment, tax law, refund process, historic preservation, heritage tourism, public engagement, Texas Historical Commission, education, pension system, actuarially sound, emergency services, legacy liability, anonymized contributions, economic stabilization fund, state finance, constitutional amendment, budget management, financial security
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Finance included the introduction of SB1337 by Senator Krayton. This bill aims to provide a fair and accurate system for calculating tax obligations, mandating the comptroller to assess penalties only on the net tax due from a taxpayer rather than allowing overpayments to offset underpayments under limited circumstances. Senator Krayton elaborated on how the bill ensures that taxpayers who overpay can use that surplus to cover any underpaid taxes of the same type, ensuring fairness for both the state and taxpayers. Several discussions ensued regarding the administration of the bill, with contributions from various members including representatives from the Comptroller's Office.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the tremendous amount of military children in Texas.
- to express strong support for enhancing Chapter 162 of the Texas Education Code Interstate Compact on
- Texas joined the Education Compact in May of 2009, one of the first states to do so, and it serves as
- It does not reduce the amount of funding available to any other public school in Texas.
- Yet only 36% of Texas principals report that all or nearly all of their math teachers demonstrate this
Keywords:
sick leave, public education, employee benefits, school district policy, retirement, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, education policy, foreign military, admission age, Texas schools, military families, education funding, school district, attendance credit, financial incentive, public school finance
Summary:
In this committee meeting, various educational bills were discussed, reflecting significant attention on improving public schooling. Notably, the discussion on HB123 focused on foundational literacy and numeracy for public school students, which received widespread support from multiple testimonies emphasizing the need for early intervention in education. Stakeholders highlighted the importance of investing in teacher training to effectively teach critical subjects like math. Additionally, HB1939, aimed at providing financial incentives for school districts to pay recapture payments early, generated a robust discourse around fiscal responsibility and budgeting in education funding. The meeting concluded with all bills being favorably reported to the full Senate for further review.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships May 19th, 2025 at 02:05 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- This currently exists under the estate code.
- However, when a person with a supportive decision-making agreement is involved in a criminal or civil
- of the effects of the supporter's involvement in legal proceedings on attorney-client privilege and
- of privilege or other existing protections.
It must also identify what provisions of the estate code
Bills:
SB66
Keywords:
disability, supported decision-making, legal assistance, confidentiality, access to justice, autonomy, civil rights, advocacy, Senate Bill 66, supportive decision-making, disability rights, guardianship reform, legal implications, Attorney-client privilege
Summary:
The meeting focused on Senate Bill 66, which addresses supportive decision-making agreements for individuals with disabilities. The bill aims to provide an alternative to full guardianship, allowing those with the ability to make their own choices the supportive assistance they may need. There was a discussion about the implications of authorizing such a supporter during legal proceedings, especially concerning confidentiality and attorney-client privilege. Some concerns were raised regarding how these agreements would work in practice, prompting the committee to consider conducting a study on these legal and ethical implications before proceeding further.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Feb 24th, 2025 at 10:00 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Article III
Transcript Highlights:
- The Windham School District operates campuses within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
- in the state of Texas.
- In the Texas Department of Criminal Justice setting, there are occasional restrictions.
- Arc of Texas.
- of my Texas education.
Keywords:
education funding, basic allotment, public testimonies, school districts, legislative recommendations
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on reviewing updates and recommendations related to education funding and legislative measures for public schools. Significant discussions included the implications of the new educational budget proposal, as well as public testimonies advocating for increased funding to support school districts facing financial difficulties. Notably, there was a strong emphasis on adjusting the basic allotment to accommodate inflation and ensure that school funding is based on student enrollment rather than attendance, to better support districts struggling with deficits and operational challenges.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nominations of Peter Hoekstra, of Michigan, to be Ambassador to Canada, George Glass, of Oregon, to be Ambassador to Japan, and Ronald Johnson, of Florida, to be Ambassador to the United Mexican States, all of the Department o Mar 13th, 2025 at 09:30 am
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- millions of dollars of soybeans.
- ...and it's a code of conduct and a method of doing business
- ...saw the extradition of 29 criminals who were engaged in
- You would, I assume, agree that thousands of people leave their homes due to political violence, criminal
- However, if they flout their treaty obligations to the detriment of Texas farmers and Texas residents
Keywords:
U.S. foreign policy, Mexico relations, Japan relations, border security, trade agreements, drug trafficking, ambassadorial nominations, intergovernmental communication
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on critical discussions concerning U.S. foreign policy, particularly relationships with Mexico and Japan. Notable attention was given to border security, trade agreements, and implications of drug trafficking. Ambassadorial nominees discussed their strategies to strengthen ties with these nations, emphasizing the importance of cooperation in addressing mutual challenges, particularly concerning security and trade. The committee engaged in extensive dialogue, highlighting the urgency of improving intergovernmental communications to deter drug trafficking and support democratic governance.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs Mar 18th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- affordable housing to the state of Texas?
- under Section 11.11 of the Texas Tax Code by the Tarrant Appraisal District.
- Today, I’m testifying on behalf of housing authorities across the state of Texas.
- On behalf of the housing authorities across the state of Texas under our member organization, Texas N-A-H-R-O
- criminal networks in Texas.
Keywords:
housing finance, multifamily residential, low income, tax exemption, audit requirements, affordable housing, local government, development bonds, housing assistance, financial assistance, low income housing, community support, affordability, veterans housing, housing assistance, financial assistance, low income housing, community involvement, air conditioning, tenant support
Summary:
The meeting highlighted significant issues regarding housing funding mechanisms, particularly surrounding the complexities of Housing Finance Corporations (HFCs). Members voiced their concerns about the financial impacts these HFCs have on local government revenues, given that many property tax exemptions are given while maintaining market-rate rents. This discussion was sparked by alarming statistics indicating a rapid increase in tax dollars removed from local jurisdictions due to HFC activities, stressing the need for regulatory reforms to preserve affordable housing without financially jeopardizing municipalities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Feb 26th, 2025 at 09:02 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Article III
Transcript Highlights:
- the University of Texas System.
- Milliken, I'm the Chancellor of the University of Texas System.
- of Texas.
- the state of Texas.
- the state of Texas.
Keywords:
fentanyl detection, health initiatives, opioid crisis, education expansion, technological advancements, public health, research funding
Summary:
The meeting focused on various initiatives related to health, education, and technological advancements. Notably, the Fentanyl Detection Initiative was presented, highlighting the urgency as five Texans die daily from fentanyl poisoning. Researchers at UT Dallas are developing portable detectors to accurately quantify fentanyl, facilitating faster medical responses by first responders. Additionally, funding requests for the Center for Advanced Pain Studies, aimed at developing effective pain therapies without addictive opioids, were discussed, which emphasize the need to address the opioid crisis. The conversation also covered funding allocations to support various health-related programs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V Feb 24th, 2025 at 10:00 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V
Transcript Highlights:
- Examples of those types of agencies include Texas CASA and the Children's Advocacy Centers of Texas,
- of Texas.
- The business of the state of Texas will remain uninterrupted.
- I just retired last year from the Texas Department of Health.
- My wife retired from the Teacher Retirement System of Texas in 2001 with 21 years of service.
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was primarily focused on reviewing various bills, with robust conversations surrounding fiscal allocations for upcoming bienniums. Notably, discussions centered around SB22, which relates to salary assistance grants for law enforcement agencies, indicated strong support, with members expressing a consensus on the importance of enhancing financial resources for police departments across Texas. Additionally, the committee examined HB1, which proposed increases to funding to improve tax collection efficiencies and recruitment of professionals in critical roles. The meeting witnessed input from various stakeholders and representatives emphasizing the significance of these initiatives for state operations and public safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII Feb 27th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII
Transcript Highlights:
- of some of the biggest battles in Texas.
- So, one of the things we at state agencies are required to do is comply with the Texas Labor Code.
- This is coming from the Texas Labor Code, comparing the number of African Americans, Hispanic Americans
- , for Texas' major sources, to protect the interests of Texas.
- Due to the history of how Texas became a state, Texas has a high percentage of private land.
Keywords:
Gulf Coast Protection District, Alamo funding, infrastructure, environmental initiatives, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting addressed several pressing issues, notably focusing on funding appropriations for the Gulf Coast Protection District and infrastructure projects, including the Alamo complex. Members expressed concerns over budget constraints, with requests for substantial funds aimed at supporting environmental initiatives and the upcoming biennium. Discussion points included the efficacy of previous funding and the anticipated impact of new capital on local communities. Public testimony was encouraged at various intervals throughout the meeting, adding robust dialogue amongst members and stakeholders.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources Mar 17th, 2025 at 11:00 am
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- the state of Texas.
- for the state of Texas.
- In terms of Chapter 251 and the One Call Board of Texas, in 1997 the Texas Legislature passed the Underground
- Last year, in 2024, Texas 811 for the state of Texas processed...
- Texas is the majority of the volume.
Keywords:
pipeline, construction, cash bond, county authority, local government, education, funding, school district, teacher support, classroom resources, underground facility, safety, excavation, regulations, utility operators, underground facilities, construction safety, excavation, utilities, marker regulations
Summary:
The meeting focused on various legislative discussions, prominently featuring HB1285 and HJR107, which aimed to address significant issues around energy production and damage prevention. Key discussions involved providing the Railroad Commission with additional tools for inspection and responding to incidents, as articulated by proponents emphasizing the benefits for public safety and efficiency. Members voiced their concerns about balancing energy production with environmental protection, highlighting the ongoing tension between economic development and ecological sustainability. Testimonies from industry experts and environmental advocates framed the debate, with strong support for maintaining Texas's status as a leader in energy while ensuring public health is not compromised.
Throughout the meeting, several members expressed their intent to refine policies surrounding utility damage prevention and excavation standards, as current laws have reportedly not evolved to address modern challenges. There was a clear acknowledgment of the technological advancements that necessitate an update to existing regulations. The atmosphere was charged with a mix of optimism for proactive legislation and apprehension regarding potential impacts of energy-related developments. As discussions drew to a close, there was a commitment to revisit these topics in future sessions to ensure thorough consideration of both industry and community perspectives.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health Apr 24th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health
Transcript Highlights:
- the Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee would be added, requiring that both of these
- Cancer treatment can be one of the most taxing procedures on the human body, leaving patients in pain
- every year in Texas.
- And part of the cliff of people coming off Medicaid is they literally can...
- I'm speaking on behalf of myself and of the Texas Medical Association.
Keywords:
maternal health, mortality review, health committee, obstetrics, public health, Medicaid, cancer treatment, healthcare reimbursement, physical therapy, dental services, protheses, compression garments, maternal health, mortality, morbidity, Medicaid, doula services, disparities, Black women, maternal mortality
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on addressing critical maternal health issues through discussions of two main bills, HB2140 and HB2610. Representative Simmons presented HB2140, which proposes to add two doula seats to the Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee, emphasizing the importance of including diverse perspectives in discussions about maternal health. Testimony from various witnesses highlighted the positive impacts doulas can have during pregnancy and postpartum care, particularly for vulnerable populations. The bill left pending after debate reflects the committee’s commitment to enhancing maternal health outcomes in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs May 5th, 2025 at 12:05 pm
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- the largest veteran service providers in the state of Texas.
- They end up coming to me, but at that point, they have a criminal record; some of them have a drug problem
- ...the state of Texas, El Paso, where we got a bunch.
- The reality of it is I think all of us have a special moment that we think of when we think of our moms
- As a matter of fact, I do. Yeah, a mother of four.
Keywords:
veteran services, transition assistance, military to civilian, HB4458, SB651, SB1227, SB1931
Summary:
The meeting focused on the discussion of four key bills related to veteran services, primarily aimed at improving the transition from military to civilian life. Representative Rosita presented HB4458, which proposes the establishment of the Texas Veterans Achieving Self-Respect Reliance pilot program to help veterans navigate challenges post-service, such as employment and housing. The bill was well-discussed, emphasizing the need for proactive support, rather than reactive measures after veterans face difficulties. Public testimonies included support from various organizations advocating for the betterment of veteran services.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on County & Regional Government Mar 17th, 2025 at 10:00 am
House S/C on County & Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- a city for almost everything but police in a lot of these areas, and particularly in North Texas where
- Harris County Constable Ford's department is the 11th largest police department in the state of Texas
- But despite that, we have stories from North Texas of cities pitting against each other to contract as
- Texas and the rest of the world.
Section 551.127 of the Government Code governs video
Keywords:
law enforcement, sheriff, constable, contracts, county governance, videoconference, county park commissioners, government meetings, public access, legislation, unincorporated communities, grant program, public improvement, rural development, Texas counties, law enforcement, sheriffs, constables, contracts, property owners' associations
Summary:
In this meeting, discussions centered around public safety and law enforcement contracts in unincorporated areas of Harris County. Key bills, including HB336, were examined which aim to allow homeowners and municipal utility districts the right to contract for police services directly, ensuring that these communities have reliable law enforcement amid growing populations. Representatives voiced concerns regarding oversight, fiscal responsibility, and the need for adequate policing coverage, especially as the unincorporated areas continue to expand rapidly without corresponding funding for public safety. Witnesses testified both in support and opposition to the proposed legislation, highlighting the need for accountability and clarity in contracting.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- from outside of Texas boundaries.
- One of them was so good, he became chair of criminal justice in the Texas Senate.
- by the people of the state of Texas constitutionally.
- for the state of Texas.
- of water supplies throughout Texas, including the implementation of the Texas State Water Plan.
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, water infrastructure, Railroad Commission, Senate Bill 30, Senate Bill 8, budget recommendations, public testimony, water funding, climate change, dedicated revenue stream
Summary:
The meeting included a comprehensive discussion on various upcoming budget recommendations impacting the Railroad Commission and water funding allocations. Significant dialogue focused on Senate Bill 30, which addresses water funding appropriations crucial for developing and maintaining the state's water infrastructure amidst growing demand. Testimonies from various stakeholders emphasized the urgency of addressing water resource issues in Texas, given the state's increasing population and the forthcoming infrastructure needs. Additionally, climate change impacts and funding challenges were heavily underscored by the participants, showcasing a collective concern over future water supply and management.
The committee also reviewed the implications of Senate Bill 8 and Senate Joint Resolution 75 regarding the creation of new funds and programs for water management and development. Importantly, the potential for a dedicated revenue stream was raised, echoing the sentiment that a historic investment in water infrastructure is critical. The meeting adjourned with plans for a follow-up to further evaluate and confirm budget appropriations, reflecting a strong commitment to tackle Texas's pressing water challenges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Press Conference: Senator Mayes MiddletonRegarding Senate Bill 7, relating to the designation and use of certain spaces and facilities according to biological sex. Note: due to technical difficulties, there are audio quality issues in the recording. Aug 4th, 2025
Texas Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the Director of Government Relations for Texas Values.
- The Coalition of Support For the Texas Women's Privacy Act
- need this in the state of Texas.
- that the state of Texas will fully support this amazing bill.
- Privacy for our women and children of Texas, and let's get
Keywords:
tax rate, local government, voter approval, taxing units, property tax, ad valorem tax, public school accountability, educational assessments, performance ratings, transparency, interventions and sanctions, youth camps, emergency preparedness, safety standards, health and safety, weather alerts, camp regulations, public school accountability, educational assessments, performance ratings
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on Senate Bill 7, known as the Texas Women's Privacy Act, which aims to reinforce the separation of men's and women's private spaces such as restrooms, locker rooms, and shelters based on biological sex. The discussions highlighted personal testimonies from women advocating for this bill, emphasizing the importance of privacy and safety. Several supporters, including a representative of Texas Values, expressed strong sentiments regarding the necessity of this legislation to protect women's rights against what they perceive as encroaching ideological views that deny biological realities. The testimonies were powerful and emotional, advocating for a return to maintaining distinct gender-specific spaces, especially in vulnerable settings like prisons and schools.