Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'pro-life'
Page 1 of 45
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I do have a committee substitute for SCR19 that simply titles this monument the Texas Life Monument.
- My name is Ashley Sosa, and I'm the Communications Associate for Texas Alliance for Life.
- We are one of the largest pro-life organizations in the state
- I hope that we pass this resolution in order to have the National Pro-Life Monument renamed as the Texas
- Life Monument to remind us of the things that we've done to save every single Texan in our state.
Keywords:
Texas Life Monument, human life, preservation, state capitol, sculpture, Timothy Schmalz, communal place, gifted education, students, academic achievement, celebration, Texas Legislature, El Paso, Boot Capital, cultural heritage, economic development, Western footwear, Texas Life Monument, SCR19, public service
Summary:
The committee meeting covered several important bills, including SCR19, which proposes the construction of the Texas Life Monument on the Capitol grounds to honor the sanctity of life and motherhood. Senator Parker explained that the monument would be funded privately and aim to create a public space for reflection. Public testimony offered support from pro-life organizations, emphasizing the monument's significance in celebrating the role of mothers and the value of life. The discussions surrounding this resolution were passionate and involved testimonies from individuals and organizations dedicated to celebrating family values in Texas.
In addition to SCR19, the meeting featured SB2053, aimed at establishing the Governor's Medal of Service Award to recognize exceptional public service contributions. The bill gained positive acceptance among committee members and public attendees alike. Public testimonies reflected the importance of recognizing local heroes and encouraging public engagement. Overall, the meeting highlighted the committee's commitment to advancing legislation that honors both individual contributions and collective values within Texas society.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Senator Bettencourt, where all the pro-life groups have
- marker="21" data-time="187"> Yet, a number of them signed after that, and so I don't know if there's pro-life
Keywords:
HB15, HB7, Senator King, Representative Leach, police confidentiality, abortion pills, pro-life, legislative support, committee staff
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on two primary bills: HB15 and HB7. Senator King led discussions on HB15, which seeks to address the confidentiality of police officers' files by dividing them into department and personnel files. This bill has seen multiple discussions in previous sessions and was once again favorably reported after discussions removed certain amendments made during its time in the House. Notably, the bill received bipartisan support, although some members voiced concerns during the voting process. Meanwhile, Representative Leach's HB7 addressed the issue of illegal abortion pills entering Texas, receiving wide support from pro-life groups, including the backing of Catholic bishops, while medical groups remained neutral. The meeting concluded with positive sentiments from members towards ongoing legislative efforts and gratitude towards departing committee staff, concluding a session marked by significant dialogue on sensitive legislative matters.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Distinguished President, President Pro Tem, Senators
Keywords:
Senate Bill 1388, family support services, pro-life initiatives, retroactive child support, maternal health, public testimony, Senator Kolkhorst, Senator Hughes
Summary:
In this meeting, significant discussions revolved around the passage and modification of various Senate Bills, including SB1388, which pertains to family support services under the Health and Human Services Commission. Senator Kolkhorst advocated for the bill, emphasizing its focus on pro-life, family-centered care. The committee passed the bill after thorough examination, showcasing a collaborative effort among the members to ensure its alignment with successful past initiatives. In another session, Senator Hughes presented SB942, aimed at retroactive child support linked to prenatal care, which sparked a constructive dialogue reflecting bipartisan support for maternal and child welfare.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="504"> Unfortunately, there's been a lot of confusion and even some malicious lies about pro-life
Keywords:
voter registration, Election Code, registrar duties, funds withholding, state compliance, disaster response, emergency management, legislative authority, business operations, state of emergency, e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, voting, election integrity, tabulation equipment, testing procedures, election code
Summary:
During the committee meeting, significant discussions centered around various proposed bills, including a deeply analyzed pro-life bill that incited passionate testimonies from both supporters and opponents. Senator Green passionately defended the necessity of the bill, highlighting personal stories to illustrate the emotional landscape surrounding the issue. The committee called witnesses who offered a range of perspectives, making for a dynamic and sometimes heated conversation. Additionally, the committee discussed budgeting concerns relevant to healthcare provisions and legislative impacts on educational funding.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 15th, 2025 at 12:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Immediately to pass a strong pro-life bill to protect women's
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas House of Representatives focused on ensuring quorum for the ongoing special session and addressing pressing legislative matters. Speaker called attention to the absence of certain members who had not returned, leading to discussions on maintaining attendance and possibly issuing civil arrest warrants if necessary. The discussions also included emphasis on pro-life legislation and property tax protections, as well as addressing safety concerns highlighted by tragic incidents such as those at Camp Mystic. Notably, House Bill 1 focusing on camp safety and House Bill 25 for over-the-counter ivermectin were among the priorities mentioned for upcoming sessions.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor. - Part 2 of 2 Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The PRO Act would eliminate this freedom, allowing workers to be coerced and...
- Let me begin by thanking the Biden administration for being the most pro-worker administration in the
- ="117" data-time="1392">You were one of the few Republican members of Congress who co-sponsored the PRO
- When the words come up like Biden administration was the most pro-union labor person in 50 years, you
- One of those issues is the PRO Act, as has been mentioned.
Keywords:
PRO Act, labor laws, worker rights, unionization, right-to-work, public testimony, political polarization
Summary:
The meeting centered around an in-depth discussion of the PRO Act, with representatives expressing passionate opinions both for and against the legislation. Representative Chavez de Rimmer emphasized the importance of worker freedom, arguing that the PRO Act would infringe upon individual rights by coercing unionization. This perspective was strongly received by members from right-to-work states, who articulated their concerns about the potential erosion of workers' choices and protections. Speaker after speaker conveyed conflicting views on labor laws, indicating a deeply polarized environment surrounding labor issues at the moment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- They didn't take the life insurance in lieu of getting payments, is that correct?
- of life.
- She battled the last six months of her life due to...
- Every day was a battle between life...
- Just wanted to provide some real-life examples.
Keywords:
deaf-blind, co-navigation services, communication accessibility, assistive services, Texas Health and Human Services Commission, advocacy, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations, child protection, neglect, parent-child relationship, Family Code, Department of Family and Protective Services, healthcare decisions, low-THC cannabis, immunization, nonviolent misdemeanors
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on three significant bills: HB1151, HB1155, and HB1041. A notable discussion arose surrounding HB1151, which aims to protect parental rights regarding medical decisions for children, especially in foster care settings. Supporters highlighted concerns about coercive practices by Child Protective Services that could label parents as neglectful for refusing certain medical treatments. Several witnesses testified in favor of the bill, emphasizing the need for parents to retain autonomy over their children's medical care. There was also a compelling narrative shared regarding a family's struggle with the complexities of health decisions under CPS supervision, further underscoring the importance of this legislation.
The committee also reviewed HB1155, aimed at providing temporary financial assistance to economically disadvantaged families who have completed their service plans for the reunification of children removed by the Department of Family and Protective Services. The sentiment in favor of this bill echoed the challenges faced by families trying to navigate the system while meeting their basic needs. Furthermore, HB1041 was discussed, which seeks to prevent non-family caregivers from being named beneficiaries on life insurance policies of individuals under their care, highlighting a moral obligation to protect vulnerable populations.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine optimizing longevity from research to action. Feb 12th, 2025 at 02:30 pm
Senate Aging (Special) Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Living a long and healthy life is something that is
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by discussions surrounding health policies aimed at enhancing the lifespan and quality of life for the community members. The chairperson initiated the session with personal reflections on the importance of extending not just the years of life but also the quality of those years, especially from the perspective of parents and grandparents. Members engaged in thoughtful dialogue regarding potential legislative measures that could address public health in a more holistic manner, emphasizing the need for community outreach and effective health education programs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 22nd, 2025 at 11:04 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Somebody's life is at risk.
- The fact of spending 13 years of my life in prison.
- At 19 years old, we should start life, we should be enjoying life, having dreams, going to college, fulfilling
- I was Michael Morton's pro bono...
- Do we lock them up for life?
Bills:
HB867, HB1347, HB1801, HB1820, HB2617, HB3110, HB3166, HB3330, HB4237, HB4342, HB4629, HB4933, HJR148, HB2197
Keywords:
criminal case dismissal, attorney discretion, law enforcement misconduct, judicial approval, evidence, criminal case dismissal, attorney discretion, law enforcement misconduct, judicial consent, transparency, healthcare, Medicare, insurance, elderly, retired, benefits, access, cost, criminal justice, case dismissal
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on a range of topics surrounding criminal justice reform, with significant emphasis on House Bills 3166 and 3330. Representative Cook presented HB 3166, which proposed a system for prosecutor-initiated resentencing, allowing courts to adjust the punishment for inmates based on changing circumstances. This bill aims to rectify injustices in cases where new evidence arises. Public testimony included support from various stakeholders, emphasizing the need for a more flexible justice system that can consider circumstances affecting individual cases, particularly for nonviolent offenders. On the contrary, HB 3330 faced opposition from the Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops, which argued that it would undermine key protections established by the Michael Morton Act, designed to prevent wrongful convictions for innocent individuals. Testimonies highlighted concerns about the potential for setbacks in protecting the rights and dignity of the accused, creating a heavy atmosphere during discussions on the bill.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 22nd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Bills:
HB867, HB1347, HB1801, HB1820, HB2197, HB2617, HB3110, HB3166, HB3330, HB4237, HB4342, HB4629, HB4933, HJR148
Keywords:
criminal case dismissal, attorney discretion, law enforcement misconduct, judicial approval, evidence, criminal case dismissal, attorney discretion, law enforcement misconduct, judicial consent, transparency, healthcare, Medicare, insurance, elderly, retired, benefits, access, cost, criminal justice, case dismissal
Summary:
The meeting focused on various legislative bills, primarily concerning criminal justice reforms and procedural changes. Notable discussions included House Bill 2151, which pertains to sex offender registration requirements; the bill was reported favorably with unanimous support. Additionally, House Bill 2180 concerning evidence preservation waivers sparked some debate, ultimately passing with a majority vote. There were other bills discussed which included updates to juvenile justice policies and criminal penalties for offenses related to family violence and sex crimes. Several bills were adjourned for further scrutiny, reflecting the committee's commitment to thorough legislative review.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Look at how amazing this planet is and this life."
- You don't see any life...
- Very pro that.
- that, is it offers us an opportunity—an alternative to diversify our energy mix to replace end-of-life
- It's about a 10-year kind of life cycle remaining, and it's a fit in well with Xterra.
Keywords:
licensing, reciprocity, regulation, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, interstate agreements, nuclear energy, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, electric utilities, priority facilities, public safety, disaster response, emergency management, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations
Summary:
The meeting was a thorough exploration of multiple bills, most notably focused on innovative energy solutions and public safety enhancements. Key discussions centered around HB14, which aims to bolster the state's nuclear energy capabilities through the establishment of a Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office. Senators and expert witnesses discussed the potential of nuclear power as a clean energy source and a strategic necessity for Texas's growth. There was strong support for the bill, with various stakeholders highlighting its importance for the future energy landscape. Additionally, other bills like HB132 addressed the need for enhanced confidentiality protections regarding sensitive information, while HB1584 sought improvements in power restoration procedures during emergencies. Overall, the committee engaged with multiple viewpoints, balancing innovation with safety and ethical considerations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Navigate daily life.
Keywords:
deaf-blind, co-navigation services, communication accessibility, assistive services, Texas Health and Human Services Commission, advocacy, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations, child protection, neglect, parent-child relationship, Family Code, Department of Family and Protective Services, healthcare decisions, low-THC cannabis, immunization, nonviolent misdemeanors
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on HB64, a significant bill aimed at supporting the DeafBlind community in Texas. Representative Gonzalez presented the bill, highlighting its importance for approximately 2,700 Texans who are deaf and blind. Co-navigators are critical for these individuals to navigate daily life, attending medical appointments and grocery shopping. Gonzalez emphasized that the bill has previously passed through the committee and the House but faced challenges in the Senate. The intent is to ensure its passage this time, as it aligns with the governor's committee on people with disabilities' priorities. The discussion included testimony from several witnesses advocating for the bill, underscoring its impact on the community.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- of life.
- with life issues.
- What I found there changed my life.
- I mean, these people, they want a second chance at life.
- I have been through Emory many times in my life, although it's been a while.
Bills:
HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB1188, HB1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627
Keywords:
education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, special education, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities
Summary:
The committee meeting featured a comprehensive discussion primarily focused on HB1188, which seeks to establish an early connection for families of children diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities to local IDD authorities. Multiple testimonies highlighted the urgent need for such a system, emphasizing how it could transform the experience of families by providing critical information and resources at the moment of diagnosis rather than at a later age. Representative Emanuel passionately presented the bill, underlining its potential to make a significant positive impact in the lives of families across Texas. Additionally, there were discussions regarding other bills related to education and child services, including HB123 and HB2310, with emphasis on the importance of early intervention and support for young children with disabilities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Commission, and we'll be able to come back in two years with several bills designed to improve the job life
- God forbid if the situation had involved a greater risk to life.
- Comfortable or upsetting, it can be life-saving for those
Bills:
HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB1188, HB1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627
Keywords:
education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, special education, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities
Summary:
The meeting of the House Committee on Public Education involved significant discussions regarding several bills aimed at improving the functioning and quality of public education in Texas. Notably, Representative Tepper presented HB3627, which seeks to empower the State Board of Education to employ its own personnel to fulfill its responsibilities more effectively. Chairman Kinsey also provided testimony highlighting the continued commitment to enhancing educational materials and instructional quality following the successful passage of HB1605 in the previous session. The committee demonstrated active engagement as members reviewed the implications of these bills on teacher workload and administrative burdens associated with current educational regulations, indicating a desire to enhance the work environment for educators.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- preserves all other components of current Texas NIL legislation, including the financial literacy and life
- shows me that that, so then I ask... ask the question is, what percentage of college athletes become pro
- , turn pro?
- making billions of dollars and they should, and less than 2% of our athletes are going to be able to go pro
- ="4248"> which would simplify the process for verifying excused absences resulting from serious or life-threatening
Keywords:
JET Grant Program, career education, technical education, community colleges, technology solutions, high demand jobs, student athletes, name image likeness, compensation, intercollegiate athletics, representation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, student policy, communication devices, school regulations, disciplinary measures
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding various bills aimed at improving educational standards and safety in Texas. Notable discussions included House Bill 121, which was proposed to enhance school safety by allowing the Texas Education Agency to commission peace officers for schools, a measure that received both support and opposition regarding the authority of local school district police. Additionally, House Bill 367 addressed the issue of excused absences for students with serious illnesses, emphasizing the need for clear documentation requirements to assist families and educators in managing these situations. The meeting was marked by public testimonies from various stakeholders, including educators and policy advocates, who provided insights and experiences that illustrated the importance of the legislation being considered.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- If you're going to be pro-life, be pro-life. From the womb to the tomb. And with that, Mr.
- I want to thank Speaker Pro Tem Joe Moore.
- But specifically, to same-sex couples who are just living their life just like anyone.
- This bill is about making it clear that taking a life.
- I fully gave my life to Christ.
Bills:
HB1194, HB1221, HB1738, HB1913, HB2177, HB2178, HB2180, HB2229, HB2282, HB2448, HB2492, HB2777, HB2984, HB3357, HB3553, HB3602
Keywords:
pretrial intervention, reimbursement fee, criminal justice, district attorney, Texas legislature, homosexual conduct, repeal, LGBTQ rights, public health, education, sex offender, victim protection, proximity laws, public safety, criminal justice reform, emergency, data privacy, electronic communications, law enforcement, life-threatening situations
Summary:
The committee meeting covered various issues, including bills aimed at mental health reforms and criminal justice. A significant discussion centered around HB2777, which proposes to exempt individuals with severe mental illness, particularly schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, from the death penalty. Testimonies from multiple stakeholders expressed support for the bill, emphasizing that individuals with severe mental illness may lack the capacity to understand the consequences of their actions, and executing them contradicts moral principles and contemporary neuroscience. The committee heard from advocates who argued for compassionate treatment in the justice system, while also maintaining accountability for offenders.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- There's an analogous provision, actually, in the credit statute about extraordinary life circumstances
- But I always feel like during the worst time in someone’s life, to turn around and penalize them is a
- Thank you, and it sounds like this could be a life-saving bill.
- Livestrong, a 27-year-old Austin-born foundation, and we're committed to improving the quality of life
- Early detection isn't just life.
Bills:
HB712, HB722, HB946, HB1687, HB1809, HB1899, HB2528, HB2583, HB2741, HB2750, HB3021, HB3150, HB3265, HB3658, HB3812, HB3960, HB4392, HB4432
Keywords:
prostate cancer, health benefit plans, insurance coverage, cost sharing, preventive health care, auto insurance, total loss evaluation, disclosure, insurance materials, vehicle appraisal, health benefits, out-of-pocket expenses, government employees, deductibles, medical services, fireworks, public safety, age requirement, permits, occupational licenses
Summary:
The meeting of the committee included discussions concerning various bills primarily related to insurance policies, their regulations, and procedures. Notably, HB3812 was introduced to further streamline the prior authorization process in healthcare, enhancing the ease for practitioners to receive approvals for common procedures. The committee also deliberated over HB2213, which focused on the restructuring of the board of directors for the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association, and there was broad consensus to move it forward. Several other bills, such as HB2518, addressing installment premium payment plans for windstorm insurance, were also discussed and moved to be reported favorably without amendments.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- That difference is too often the difference between life and death.
- that ultimately did not save my mother's life.
National Farm Life is a small life insurance provider
- Under our life insurance policy, is it arbitration?
- House Bill 2750 is a pro-business, pro-employee, and ultimately
Bills:
HB712, HB722, HB946, HB1687, HB1809, HB1899, HB2528, HB2583, HB2741, HB2750, HB3021, HB3150, HB3265, HB3658, HB3812, HB3960, HB4392, HB4432
Keywords:
prostate cancer, health benefit plans, insurance coverage, cost sharing, preventive health care, auto insurance, total loss evaluation, disclosure, insurance materials, vehicle appraisal, health benefits, out-of-pocket expenses, government employees, deductibles, medical services, fireworks, public safety, age requirement, permits, occupational licenses
Summary:
The House Committee on Insurance convened to discuss multiple bills aimed at enhancing consumer protection and improving access to essential services. Notable discussions included HB2528, which seeks to eliminate prior authorization requirements for medications treating substance use disorders, thereby expediting access to crucial treatments for Texans. Representative Boosie laid out HB722, addressing transparency in auto insurance valuation processes, prompting engagement from various witnesses on how current practices potentially exploit consumers. Members voiced concerns about the intersection of bureaucratic delays and the urgency of addiction treatment, emphasizing the bill's potential life-saving implications.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, so this is similar, but in health insurance and for life insurance.
- That would be on a health policy or life insurance policy?
- I had an insurance agent whose life insurance premium went down.
- for life insurance.
- I'm General Counsel with Southwest Service Life.
Bills:
HB106, HB144, HB145, HB252, HB1732, HB2221, HB2467, HB2468, HB2517, HB2518, HB2963, HB3016, HB3689, HB3960, HB4386, HB4490, HB4751, HB5247, HJR175, HB2213
Keywords:
electric utility, distribution poles, inspection, public safety, compliance plan, wildfire mitigation, utilities, electric service, liability, risk management, self-insurance, Texas Division of Emergency Management, employment compensation, state agencies, salary payments, general appropriations, government efficiency, massage therapy, regulation, licensing
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Business and Commerce convened to discuss a wide range of bills, including key pieces of legislation such as HB1922 and HB145, which address utilities' wildfire mitigation efforts. There was a notable emphasis on the importance of strengthening Texas' approach to dealing with electric utility liabilities and improving operational strategies in the event of wildfires. Public testimony was heard, with various stakeholders advocating for and expressing concerns about elements of the proposed regulations, highlighting the nuanced positions citizens and organizations hold regarding energy management and environmental safety. Additionally, several bills were reported favorably to the full Senate, indicating a smooth legislative progress during the meeting.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- So it's pro-family, pro-child. I appreciate your favorable consideration, and I close.
- , especially at the end of life.
- Even if he had been born with a life-threatening diagnosis, his life would still have been worth living
- Texas Right to Life has found over 30%...
- We can't save a life, but we can still honor that life
Bills:
HB5141, HB4638, HB2264, HB2035, HB4813, HB4408, HB2684, HB1621, HB2300, HB216, HB3829, HB4466, HB1747, HB2284, HB3614, HB2587, HB3219, HB3318, HB5147, HB4014
Keywords:
lease, state property, public purpose, Travis County, Health and Human Services, pharmaceutical initiative, drug distribution, healthcare services, generic drugs, advanced pharmaceuticals, cost savings, mental health, patient discharge, medical records, health care professionals, substance use, family involvement, chemical dependency, treatment facilities, minor admissions
Summary:
The Committee on Public Health convened to discuss various bills related to mental health, public health initiatives, and animal care. Notably, representatives presented House Bill 2264, which aims to facilitate communication between mental health patients and their families, allowing family members to provide important medical information during emergencies. The bill sparked a substantial discussion, with advocates from the National Alliance on Mental Illness supporting its intention to improve patient outcomes. Other significant bills included HB 1747, introduced to create a council for mental health and substance use, fostering collaboration among affected systems, and HB 2684, which focuses on palliative care options for parents facing life-limiting diagnoses for their unborn children. Public testimonies supported these measures, highlighting their importance in enhancing care and support for vulnerable populations.