84R15489 T
By: Creighton S.B. No. 1760
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
relating to the transparent and equitable application of ad valorem
taxation procedures.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Sections 1.111(f) and (j), Tax Code, are amended
to read as follows:
(f) A property owner in writing filed with the appraisal
district may direct the appraisal district, appraisal review board,
and each taxing unit participating in the appraisal district to
deliver all notices, tax bills, refunds, orders, and other
communications relating to one or more specified items of the
owner's property to a specified person instead of to the property
owner. The instrument must clearly identify the person by name and
give the person's address to which all notices, tax bills, refunds,
orders, and other communications are to be delivered. The property
owner may but is not required to designate the person's agent for
other tax matters designated under Subsection (a) as the person to
receive all notices, tax bills, refunds, orders, and other
communications. The designation of an agent for other tax matters
under Subsection (a) may also provide that the agent is the person
to whom notices, tax bills, refunds, orders, and other
communications are to be delivered under this subsection.
(j) An individual exempt from registration as a property tax
consultant under Section 1152.002, Occupations Code, who is not
supervised, directed, or compensated by a person required to
register as a property tax consultant under that chapter and who
files a protest with the appraisal review board on behalf of the
property owner is entitled to receive all notices from the
appraisal district and appraisal review board regarding the
property subject to the protest until the authority is revoked by
the property owner as provided by this section. An individual to
which this subsection applies who is not designated by the property
owner to receive notices, tax bills, refunds, orders, and other
communications as provided by Subsection (f) or Section 1.11 shall
file a statement with the protest that includes:
(1) the individual's name and address;
(2) a statement that the individual is acting on
behalf of the property owner; and
(3) a statement of the basis for the individual's
exemption from registration under Section 1152.002, Occupations
Code.
SECTION 2. Chapter 1, Tax Code, is amended by adding Section
1.14 to read as follows:
Sec. 1.14. INTEREST RATE. Except as otherwise provided by
this title, for purposes of a provision of this title providing for
the accrual of interest, interest accrues at an annual rate equal to
the sum of two percent and the most recent prime rate quoted and
published by the Federal Reserve Board as of the first day of the
month in which the interest is first calculated.
SECTION 3. Chapter 5, Tax Code, is amended by adding Section
5.091 to read as follows:
Sec. 5.091. STATEWIDE LIST OF TAX RATES. (a) Each year the
comptroller shall prepare a list that includes the total tax rate
imposed by each taxing unit in this state, other than a school
district, for the year preceding the year in which the list is
prepared. The comptroller shall list the tax rates in descending
order.
(b) Not later than December 31 of each year, the comptroller
shall publish on the comptroller's Internet website the list
required by Subsection (a).
SECTION 4. Section 11.135(c), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(c) If an owner receives an exemption for property under
Section 11.13 under the circumstances described by Subsection (a)
and sells the property before the owner completes construction of a
replacement qualified residential structure on the property, an
additional tax is imposed on the property equal to the difference
between the taxes imposed on the property for each of the years in
which the owner received the exemption and the tax that would have
been imposed had the owner not received the exemption in each of
those years, plus interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an
annual rate of seven percent] calculated from the dates on which the
differences would have become due.
SECTION 5. Section 11.181(e), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(e) If the organization that owns improved or unimproved
real property that has been exempted under Subsection (a) sells the
property to a person other than an individual or family satisfying
the organization's low-income or other eligibility requirements, a
penalty is imposed on the property equal to the amount of the taxes
that would have been imposed on the property in each tax year that
the property was exempted from taxation under Subsection (a), plus
interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate of 12
percent] calculated from the dates on which the taxes would have
become due.
SECTION 6. Section 11.185(e), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(e) If the organization that owns improved or unimproved
real property that has been exempted under Subsection (a) sells the
property to a person other than a person described by Section
2306.786(b)(1), Government Code, a penalty is imposed on the
property equal to the amount of the taxes that would have been
imposed on the property in each tax year that the property was
exempted from taxation under Subsection (a), plus interest at the
rate provided by Section 1.14 of this code [an annual rate of 12
percent] computed from the dates on which the taxes would have
become due.
SECTION 7. Section 11.201(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If land is sold or otherwise transferred to another
person in a year in which the land receives an exemption under
Section 11.20(a)(6), an additional tax is imposed on the land equal
to the tax that would have been imposed on the land had the land been
taxed for each of the five years preceding the year in which the
sale or transfer occurs in which the land received an exemption
under that subsection, plus interest at the rate provided by
Section 1.14 [an annual rate of seven percent] calculated from the
dates on which the taxes would have become due.
SECTION 8. Section 11.431(b), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(b) If a late application is approved after approval of the
appraisal records by the appraisal review board, the chief
appraiser shall notify the collector for each unit in which the
residence is located. The collector shall deduct from the person's
tax bill the amount of tax imposed on the exempted amount if the tax
has not been paid. If the tax has been paid, the collector shall
refund the amount of tax imposed on the exempted amount. A person is
not required to apply for a refund under this subsection to receive
the refund.
SECTION 9. Section 23.46(c), Tax Code, is amended to read as
follows:
(c) If land that has been designated for agricultural use in
any year is sold or diverted to a nonagricultural use, the total
amount of additional taxes for the three years preceding the year in
which the land is sold or diverted plus interest at the rate
provided by Section 1.14 [for delinquent taxes] becomes due. A
determination that the land has been diverted to a nonagricultural
use is made by the chief appraiser. For purposes of this
subsection, the chief appraiser may not consider any period during
which land is owned by the state in determining whether the land has
been diverted to a nonagricultural use. The chief appraiser shall
deliver a notice of the determination to the owner of the land as
soon as possible after making the determination and shall include
in the notice an explanation of the owner's right to protest the
determination. If the owner does not file a timely protest or if
the final determination of the protest is that the additional taxes
are due, the assessor for each taxing unit shall prepare and deliver
a bill for the additional taxes plus interest as soon as practicable
after the change of use occurs. If the additional taxes are due
because of a sale of the land, the assessor for each taxing unit
shall prepare and deliver the bill as soon as practicable after the
sale occurs. The taxes and interest are due and become delinquent
and incur penalties and interest as provided by law for ad valorem
taxes imposed by the taxing unit if not paid before the next
February 1 that is at least 20 days after the date the bill is
delivered to the owner of the land.
SECTION 10. Section 23.55(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If the use of land that has been appraised as provided by
this subchapter changes, an additional tax is imposed on the land
equal to the difference between the taxes imposed on the land for
each of the five years preceding the year in which the change of use
occurs that the land was appraised as provided by this subchapter
and the tax that would have been imposed had the land been taxed on
the basis of market value in each of those years, plus interest at
the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate of seven percent]
calculated from the dates on which the differences would have
become due. For purposes of this subsection, the chief appraiser
may not consider any period during which land is owned by the state
in determining whether a change in the use of the land has occurred.
SECTION 11. Section 23.76(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If the use of land that has been appraised as provided by
this subchapter changes, an additional tax is imposed on the land
equal to the difference between the taxes imposed on the land for
each of the five years preceding the year in which the change of use
occurs that the land was appraised as provided by this subchapter
and the tax that would have been imposed had the land been taxed on
the basis of market value in each of those years, plus interest at
the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate of seven percent]
calculated from the dates on which the differences would have
become due.
SECTION 12. Section 23.86(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If land that has been appraised under this subchapter is
no longer subject to a deed restriction or is diverted to a use
other than recreational, park, or scenic uses, an additional tax is
imposed on the land equal to the difference between the taxes
imposed on the land for each of the five years preceding the year in
which the change of use occurs or the deed restriction expires that
the land was appraised as provided by this subchapter and the tax
that would have been imposed had the land not been restricted to
recreational, park, or scenic uses in each of those years, plus
interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate of
seven percent] calculated from the dates on which the differences
would have become due.
SECTION 13. Section 23.96(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If airport property that has been appraised under this
subchapter is no longer subject to a deed restriction, an
additional tax is imposed on the property equal to the difference
between the taxes imposed on the property for each of the five years
preceding the year in which the deed restriction expires that the
property was appraised as provided by this subchapter and the tax
that would have been imposed had the property not been restricted to
use as public access airport property in each of those years, plus
interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate of
seven percent] calculated from the dates on which the differences
would have become due.
SECTION 14. Sections 23.9807(a) and (b), Tax Code, are
amended to read as follows:
(a) If the use of land that has been appraised as provided by
this subchapter changes to a use that qualifies the land for
appraisal under Subchapter E, an additional tax is imposed on the
land equal to the sum of:
(1) the difference between:
(A) the taxes imposed on the land for each of the
five years preceding the year in which the change of use occurs that
the land was appraised as provided by this subchapter; and
(B) the taxes that would have been imposed had
the land been appraised under Subchapter E in each of those years;
and
(2) interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an
annual rate of seven percent] calculated from the dates on which the
differences would have become due.
(b) If the use of land that has been appraised as provided by
this subchapter changes to a use that does not qualify the land for
appraisal under Subchapter E or under this subchapter, an
additional tax is imposed on the land equal to the sum of:
(1) the difference between:
(A) the taxes imposed on the land for each of the
five years preceding the year in which the change of use occurs that
the land was appraised as provided by this subchapter; and
(B) the taxes that would have been imposed had
the land been taxed on the basis of market value in each of those
years; and
(2) interest at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an
annual rate of seven percent] calculated from the dates on which the
differences would have become due.
SECTION 15. Section 26.06(d), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(d) At the public hearings the governing body shall announce
the date, time, and place of the meeting at which it will vote on the
proposed tax rate. After each hearing the governing body shall
give notice of the meeting at which it will vote on the proposed tax
rate and the notice shall be in the same form as prescribed by
Subsections (b) and (c), except that it must state the following:
"NOTICE OF TAX REVENUE INCREASE
"The (name of the taxing unit) conducted public hearings on
(date of first hearing) and (date of second hearing) on a proposal
to increase the total tax revenues of the (name of the taxing unit)
from properties on the tax roll in the preceding year by (percentage
by which proposed tax rate exceeds lower of rollback tax rate or
effective tax rate calculated under this chapter) percent.
"The total tax revenue proposed to be raised last year at last
year's tax rate of (insert tax rate for the preceding year) for each
$100 of taxable value was (insert total amount of taxes imposed in
the preceding year).
"The total tax revenue proposed to be raised this year at the
proposed tax rate of (insert proposed tax rate) for each $100 of
taxable value, excluding tax revenue to be raised from new property
added to the tax roll this year, is (insert amount computed by
multiplying proposed tax rate by the difference between current
total value and new property value).
"The total tax revenue proposed to be raised this year at the
proposed tax rate of (insert proposed tax rate) for each $100 of
taxable value, including tax revenue to be raised from new property
added to the tax roll this year, is (insert amount computed by
multiplying proposed tax rate by current total value).
"The (governing body of the taxing unit) is scheduled to vote
on the tax rate that will result in that tax increase at a public
meeting to be held on (date of meeting) at (location of meeting,
including mailing address) at (time of meeting).
"The (governing body of the taxing unit) proposes to use the
increase in total tax revenue for the purpose of (description of
purpose of increase)."
SECTION 16. Section 26.09(d), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(d) If a property is subject to taxation for a prior year in
which it escaped taxation, the assessor shall calculate the tax for
each year separately. In calculating the tax, the assessor shall
use the assessment ratio and tax rate in effect in the unit for the
year for which back taxes are being imposed. Except as provided by
Subsection (d-1), the amount of back taxes due incurs interest
calculated at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [33.01(c)] from the
date the tax would have become delinquent had the tax been imposed
in the proper tax year.
SECTION 17. Section 26.15(f), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(f) If a correction that decreases the tax liability of a
property owner is made after the owner has paid the tax, the taxing
unit shall refund to the property owner the difference between the
tax paid and the tax legally due, except as provided by Section
25.25(n). A property owner is not required to apply for a refund
under this subsection to receive the refund.
SECTION 18. Section 26.08(b), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(b) The governing body shall order that the election be held
in the school district on a date not less than 30 or more than 90
days after the day on which it adopted the tax rate. Section
41.001, Election Code, does not apply to the election unless a date
specified by that section falls within the time permitted by this
section. At the election, the ballots shall be prepared to permit
voting for or against the proposition: "Approving the ad valorem
tax rate of $_____ per $100 valuation in (name of school district)
for the current year, a rate that is $_____ higher per $100
valuation than the school district rollback tax rate, for the
purpose of (description of purpose of increase)." The ballot
proposition must include the adopted tax rate and the difference
between that rate and the rollback tax rate in the appropriate
places.
SECTION 19. Section 31.12(a), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(a) If a refund of a tax provided by Section 11.431(b),
26.07(g), 26.15(f), 31.11, or 31.111 is paid on or before the 60th
day after the date the liability for the refund arises, no interest
is due on the amount refunded. If not paid on or before that 60th
day, the amount of the tax to be refunded accrues interest at the
rate provided by Section 1.14 [a rate of one percent for each month
or part of a month that the refund is unpaid], beginning with the
date on which the liability for the refund arises.
SECTION 20. Section 33.01(c), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(c) A delinquent tax accrues interest at the rate provided
by Section 1.14 [a rate of one percent for each month or portion of a
month the tax remains unpaid]. Interest payable under this section
is to compensate the taxing unit for revenue lost because of the
delinquency. A delinquent tax continues to accrue interest under
this subsection as long as the tax remains unpaid, regardless of
whether a judgment for the delinquent tax has been rendered.
SECTION 21. Section 33.06(d), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(d) A tax lien remains on the property and interest
continues to accrue during the period collection of taxes is
deferred or abated under this section. The annual interest rate
during the deferral or abatement period is the rate provided by
Section 1.14 [eight percent instead of the rate provided by Section
33.01]. Interest and penalties that accrued or that were incurred
or imposed under Section 33.01 or 33.07 before the date the
individual files the deferral affidavit under Subsection (b) or the
date the judgment abating the suit is entered, as applicable, are
preserved. A penalty under Section 33.01 is not incurred during a
deferral or abatement period. The additional penalty under Section
33.07 may be imposed and collected only if the taxes for which
collection is deferred or abated remain delinquent on or after the
181st day after the date the deferral or abatement period expires.
A plea of limitation, laches, or want of prosecution does not apply
against the taxing unit because of deferral or abatement of
collection as provided by this section.
SECTION 22. Section 33.065(g), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(g) A tax lien remains on the property and interest
continues to accrue during the period collection of delinquent
taxes is deferred or abated under this section. The annual interest
rate during the deferral or abatement period is the rate provided by
Section 1.14 [eight percent instead of the rate provided by Section
33.01]. Interest and penalties that accrued or that were incurred
or imposed under Section 33.01 or 33.07 before the date the
individual files the deferral affidavit under Subsection (c) or the
date the judgment abating the suit is entered, as applicable, are
preserved. A penalty is not incurred on the delinquent taxes for
which collection is deferred or abated during a deferral or
abatement period. The additional penalty under Section 33.07 may
be imposed and collected only if the delinquent taxes for which
collection is deferred or abated remain delinquent on or after the
91st day after the date the deferral or abatement period expires. A
plea of limitation, laches, or want of prosecution does not apply
against the taxing unit because of deferral or abatement of
collection as provided by this section.
SECTION 23. Section 42.23, Tax Code, is amended by adding
Subsection (i) to read as follows:
(i) An appraisal district employee may not testify as to the
value of real property in an appeal under Section 42.25 or 42.26
unless the person is authorized to perform an appraisal of real
estate under Section 1103.201, Occupations Code.
SECTION 24. Sections 42.42(c) and (d), Tax Code, are
amended to read as follows:
(c) If the final determination of an appeal occurs after the
property owner has paid a portion of the tax finally determined to
be due as required by Section 42.08, the assessor for each affected
taxing unit shall prepare and mail a supplemental tax bill in the
form and manner prescribed by Subsection (b). The additional tax is
due and becomes delinquent as provided by Subsection (b), but the
property owner is liable for [penalties and] interest on the tax
included in the supplemental bill calculated at the rate provided
by Section 1.14 [as provided by Section 33.01] as if the tax
included in the supplemental bill became delinquent on the original
delinquency date prescribed by Chapter 31. The property owner and
the chief appraiser may agree in writing to waive the interest
provided by this subsection on the additional tax due each affected
taxing unit for the period between the original delinquency date
and the first day of the next month that is at least 21 days after
the date the assessor for the taxing unit mails a supplemental tax
bill under this subsection.
(d) If the property owner did not pay any portion of the
taxes imposed on the property because the court found that payment
would constitute an unreasonable restraint on the owner's right of
access to the courts as provided by Section 42.08(d), after the
final determination of the appeal the assessor for each affected
taxing unit shall prepare and mail a supplemental tax bill in the
form and manner prescribed by Subsection (b). The additional tax is
due and becomes delinquent as provided by Subsection (b), but the
property owner is liable for interest on the tax included in the
supplemental bill calculated as provided by Section 1.14 [33.01] as
if the tax included in the supplemental bill became delinquent on
the delinquency date prescribed by Chapter 31.
SECTION 25. Section 42.43(b), Tax Code, is amended to read
as follows:
(b) For a refund made under this section, the taxing unit
shall include with the refund interest on the amount refunded
[calculated] at the rate provided by Section 1.14 [an annual rate
that is equal to the sum of two percent and the most recent prime
rate quoted and published by the Federal Reserve Board as of the
first day of the month in which the refund is made, but not more than
a total of eight percent,] calculated from the delinquency date for
the taxes until the date the refund is made.
SECTION 26. Sections 140.010(e) and (f), Local Government
Code, are amended to read as follows:
(e) A county or municipality that proposes a property tax
rate that exceeds the lower of the effective tax rate or the
rollback tax rate shall provide the following notice:
"NOTICE OF (INSERT CURRENT TAX YEAR) TAX YEAR PROPOSED PROPERTY TAX
RATE FOR (INSERT NAME OF COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY)
"A tax rate of $_____ per $100 valuation has been proposed for
adoption by the governing body of (insert name of county or
municipality). This rate exceeds the lower of the effective or
rollback tax rate, and state law requires that two public hearings
be held by the governing body before adopting the proposed tax rate.
The governing body of (insert name of county or municipality)
proposes to use revenue attributable to the tax rate increase for
the purpose of (description of purpose of increase).
PROPOSED TAX RATE$______ per $100
PRECEDING YEAR'S TAX RATE$______ per $100
EFFECTIVE TAX RATE$______ per $100
ROLLBACK TAX RATE$______ per $100
"The effective tax rate is the total tax rate needed to raise the
same amount of property tax revenue for (insert name of county or
municipality) from the same properties in both the (insert
preceding tax year) tax year and the (insert current tax year) tax
year.
"The rollback tax rate is the highest tax rate that (insert name of
county or municipality) may adopt before voters are entitled to
petition for an election to limit the rate that may be approved to
the rollback rate.
"YOUR TAXES OWED UNDER ANY OF THE ABOVE RATES CAN BE CALCULATED AS
FOLLOWS:
property tax amount = (rate) x (taxable value of your property) /
100
"For assistance or detailed information about tax calculations,
please contact:
(insert name of county or municipal tax assessor-collector)
(insert name of county or municipality) tax
assessor-collector
(insert address)
(insert telephone number)
(insert e-mail address)
(insert Internet website address, if applicable)
"You are urged to attend and express your views at the following
public hearings on the proposed tax rate:
First Hearing: (insert date and time) at (insert location of
meeting).
Second Hearing: (insert date and time) at (insert location
of meeting)."
(f) A county or municipality shall:
(1) provide the notice required by Subsection (d) or
(e), as applicable, by the earlier of October [not later than
September] 1 or the 30th day after the date the taxing unit's
appraisal roll is certified by:
(A) publishing the notice in a newspaper having
general circulation in:
(i) the county, in the case of notice
published by a county; or
(ii) the county in which the municipality
is located or primarily located, in the case of notice published by
a municipality; or
(B) mailing the notice to each property owner in:
(i) the county, in the case of notice
provided by a county; or
(ii) the municipality, in the case of
notice provided by a municipality; and
(2) post the notice on the Internet website of the
county or municipality, if applicable, beginning by the earlier of
October [not later than September] 1 or the 30th day after the date
the taxing unit's appraisal roll is certified and continuing until
the county or municipality adopts a tax rate.
SECTION 27. Subchapter H, Chapter 49, Water Code, is
amended by adding Section 49.2361 to read as follows:
Sec. 49.2361. ADDITIONAL NOTICE FOR CERTAIN TAX INCREASES.
If a district proposes to adopt a combined tax rate that would
authorize the qualified voters of the district by petition to
require a rollback election to be held in the district, the notice
required by Section 49.236 must include a description of the
purpose of the proposed tax increase.
SECTION 28. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), the
changes in law made by this Act apply only to an ad valorem tax year
that begins on or after the effective date of this Act.
(b) The change in law made by this Act to a provision of
Title 1, Tax Code, that affects the amount or rate of any penalty or
interest due applies only to penalties and interest that accrue on
or after the effective date of this Act. Penalties and interest
that accrued before the effective date of this Act are governed by
the law in effect when the penalties and interest accrued, and that
law is continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 29. This Act takes effect January 1, 2016.