| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 118THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 989 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To establish a more uniform, transparent, and modern process to authorize |
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| 6 | 6 | | the construction, connection, operation, and maintenance of international |
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| 7 | 7 | | border-crossing facilities for the import and export of oil and natural |
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| 8 | 8 | | gas and the transmission of electricity. |
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| 9 | 9 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 10 | 10 | | MARCH27, 2023 |
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| 11 | 11 | | Mr. H |
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| 12 | 12 | | OEVEN(for himself, Mr. MULLIN, Mr. SULLIVAN, and Mr. BUDD) intro- |
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| 13 | 13 | | duced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Com- |
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| 14 | 14 | | mittee on Energy and Natural Resources |
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| 15 | 15 | | A BILL |
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| 16 | 16 | | To establish a more uniform, transparent, and modern proc- |
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| 17 | 17 | | ess to authorize the construction, connection, operation, |
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| 18 | 18 | | and maintenance of international border-crossing facili- |
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| 19 | 19 | | ties for the import and export of oil and natural gas |
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| 20 | 20 | | and the transmission of electricity. |
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| 21 | 21 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 22 | 22 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 23 | 23 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 24 | 24 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘North American En-4 |
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| 25 | 25 | | ergy Act’’. 5 |
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| 27 | 27 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 2 |
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| 28 | 28 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 29 | 29 | | SEC. 2. APPROVAL FOR BORDER-CROSSING FACILITIES. 1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | (a) A |
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| 31 | 31 | | UTHORIZATION OF CERTAINENERGYINFRA-2 |
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| 32 | 32 | | STRUCTUREPROJECTS AT AN INTERNATIONAL BOUND-3 |
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| 33 | 33 | | ARY OF THEUNITEDSTATES.— 4 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (1) A |
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| 35 | 35 | | UTHORIZATION.—Except as provided in 5 |
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| 36 | 36 | | paragraph (3) and subsection (e), no person may 6 |
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| 37 | 37 | | construct, connect, or operate, a border-crossing fa-7 |
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| 38 | 38 | | cility for the import or export of oil or natural gas, 8 |
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| 39 | 39 | | or the transmission of electricity, across an inter-9 |
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| 40 | 40 | | national border of the United States without obtain-10 |
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| 41 | 41 | | ing a certificate of crossing for the border-crossing 11 |
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| 42 | 42 | | facility under this subsection. 12 |
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| 43 | 43 | | (2) C |
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| 44 | 44 | | ERTIFICATE OF CROSSING.— 13 |
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| 45 | 45 | | (A) R |
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| 46 | 46 | | EQUIREMENT.—Not later than 90 14 |
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| 47 | 47 | | days after final action is taken, by the relevant 15 |
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| 48 | 48 | | official or agency identified under subparagraph 16 |
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| 49 | 49 | | (B), under the National Environmental Policy 17 |
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| 50 | 50 | | Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with re-18 |
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| 51 | 51 | | spect to a border-crossing facility for which a 19 |
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| 52 | 52 | | person requests a certificate of crossing under 20 |
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| 53 | 53 | | this subsection, the relevant official or agency, 21 |
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| 54 | 54 | | in consultation with appropriate Federal agen-22 |
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| 55 | 55 | | cies, shall issue a certificate of crossing for the 23 |
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| 56 | 56 | | border-crossing facility unless the relevant offi-24 |
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| 57 | 57 | | cial or agency finds that the construction, con-25 |
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| 58 | 58 | | nection, or operation, of the border-crossing fa-26 |
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| 60 | 60 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 3 |
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| 61 | 61 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 62 | 62 | | cility is not in the public interest of the United 1 |
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| 63 | 63 | | States. 2 |
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| 64 | 64 | | (B) R |
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| 65 | 65 | | ELEVANT OFFICIAL OR AGENCY .— 3 |
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| 66 | 66 | | The relevant official or agency referred to in 4 |
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| 67 | 67 | | subparagraph (A) is— 5 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (i) the Federal Energy Regulatory 6 |
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| 69 | 69 | | Commission with respect to border-cross-7 |
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| 70 | 70 | | ing facilities consisting of oil or natural 8 |
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| 71 | 71 | | gas pipelines; and 9 |
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| 72 | 72 | | (ii) the Secretary of Energy with re-10 |
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| 73 | 73 | | spect to border-crossing facilities consisting 11 |
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| 74 | 74 | | of electric transmission facilities. 12 |
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| 75 | 75 | | (C) A |
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| 76 | 76 | | DDITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR 13 |
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| 77 | 77 | | ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION FACILITIES .—In the 14 |
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| 78 | 78 | | case of a request for a certificate of crossing for 15 |
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| 79 | 79 | | a border-crossing facility consisting of an elec-16 |
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| 80 | 80 | | tric transmission facility, the Secretary of En-17 |
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| 81 | 81 | | ergy shall require, as a condition of issuing the 18 |
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| 82 | 82 | | certificate of crossing under subparagraph (A), 19 |
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| 83 | 83 | | that the border-crossing facility be constructed, 20 |
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| 84 | 84 | | connected, operated, or maintained consistent 21 |
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| 85 | 85 | | with all applicable policies and standards of— 22 |
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| 86 | 86 | | (i) the Electric Reliability Organiza-23 |
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| 87 | 87 | | tion and the applicable regional entity; and 24 |
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| 90 | 90 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 91 | 91 | | (ii) any Regional Transmission Orga-1 |
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| 92 | 92 | | nization or Independent System Operator 2 |
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| 93 | 93 | | with operational or functional control over 3 |
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| 94 | 94 | | the border-crossing facility. 4 |
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| 95 | 95 | | (3) E |
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| 96 | 96 | | XCLUSIONS.—This subsection shall not 5 |
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| 97 | 97 | | apply to any construction, connection, operation, or 6 |
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| 98 | 98 | | maintenance of a border-crossing facility for the im-7 |
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| 99 | 99 | | port or export of oil or natural gas, or the trans-8 |
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| 100 | 100 | | mission of electricity— 9 |
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| 101 | 101 | | (A) if the border-crossing facility is oper-10 |
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| 102 | 102 | | ating for such import, export, or transmission 11 |
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| 103 | 103 | | as of the date of enactment of this Act; 12 |
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| 104 | 104 | | (B) if a permit described in subsection (d) 13 |
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| 105 | 105 | | for the construction, connection, operation, or 14 |
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| 106 | 106 | | maintenance has been issued; or 15 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (C) if an application for a permit described 16 |
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| 108 | 108 | | in subsection (d) for the construction, connec-17 |
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| 109 | 109 | | tion, operation, or maintenance is pending on 18 |
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| 110 | 110 | | the date of enactment of this Act, until the ear-19 |
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| 111 | 111 | | lier of— 20 |
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| 112 | 112 | | (i) the date on which such application 21 |
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| 113 | 113 | | is denied; or 22 |
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| 114 | 114 | | (ii) 2 years after the date of enact-23 |
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| 115 | 115 | | ment of this Act, if such a permit has not 24 |
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| 116 | 116 | | been issued by such date. 25 |
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| 119 | 119 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 120 | 120 | | (4) EFFECT OF OTHER LAWS .— 1 |
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| 121 | 121 | | (A) A |
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| 122 | 122 | | PPLICATION TO PROJECTS .—Nothing 2 |
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| 123 | 123 | | in this subsection or subsection (e) shall affect 3 |
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| 124 | 124 | | the application of any other Federal statute to 4 |
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| 125 | 125 | | a project for which a certificate of crossing for 5 |
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| 126 | 126 | | a border-crossing facility is requested under 6 |
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| 127 | 127 | | this subsection. 7 |
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| 128 | 128 | | (B) N |
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| 129 | 129 | | ATURAL GAS ACT.—Nothing in this 8 |
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| 130 | 130 | | subsection or subsection (e) shall affect the re-9 |
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| 131 | 131 | | quirement to obtain approval or authorization 10 |
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| 132 | 132 | | under sections 3 and 7 of the Natural Gas Act 11 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (15 U.S.C. 717b, 717f) for the siting, construc-12 |
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| 134 | 134 | | tion, or operation of any facility to import or 13 |
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| 135 | 135 | | export natural gas. 14 |
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| 136 | 136 | | (C) O |
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| 137 | 137 | | IL PIPELINES.—Nothing in this sub-15 |
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| 138 | 138 | | section or subsection (e) shall affect the author-16 |
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| 139 | 139 | | ity of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commis-17 |
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| 140 | 140 | | sion with respect to oil pipelines under section 18 |
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| 141 | 141 | | 60502 of title 49, United States Code. 19 |
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| 142 | 142 | | (D) S |
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| 143 | 143 | | COPE OF NEPA REVIEW .—Nothing in 20 |
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| 144 | 144 | | this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, 21 |
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| 145 | 145 | | shall affect the scope of any review required to 22 |
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| 146 | 146 | | be conducted under section 102 of the National 23 |
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| 147 | 147 | | Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 24 |
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| 148 | 148 | | 4332) with respect to a project for which a cer-25 |
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| 150 | 150 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 6 |
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| 151 | 151 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 152 | 152 | | tificate of crossing for a border-crossing facility 1 |
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| 153 | 153 | | is requested under this subsection. 2 |
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| 154 | 154 | | (b) I |
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| 155 | 155 | | MPORTATION OR EXPORTATION OF NATURAL 3 |
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| 156 | 156 | | G |
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| 157 | 157 | | AS TOCANADA ANDMEXICO.—Section 3(c) of the Nat-4 |
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| 158 | 158 | | ural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717b(c)) is amended by adding 5 |
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| 159 | 159 | | at the end the following: ‘‘In the case of an application 6 |
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| 160 | 160 | | for the importation of natural gas from, or the exportation 7 |
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| 161 | 161 | | of natural gas to, Canada or Mexico, the Commission shall 8 |
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| 162 | 162 | | grant the application not later than 30 days after the date 9 |
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| 163 | 163 | | on which the Commission receives the complete applica-10 |
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| 164 | 164 | | tion.’’. 11 |
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| 165 | 165 | | (c) T |
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| 166 | 166 | | RANSMISSION OFELECTRICENERGY TOCAN-12 |
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| 167 | 167 | | ADA ANDMEXICO.— 13 |
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| 168 | 168 | | (1) R |
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| 169 | 169 | | EPEAL OF REQUIREMENT TO SECURE 14 |
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| 170 | 170 | | ORDER.—Section 202(e) of the Federal Power Act 15 |
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| 171 | 171 | | (16 U.S.C. 824a(e)) is repealed. 16 |
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| 172 | 172 | | (2) C |
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| 173 | 173 | | ONFORMING AMENDMENTS .— 17 |
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| 174 | 174 | | (A) S |
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| 175 | 175 | | TATE REGULATIONS.—Section 202(f) 18 |
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| 176 | 176 | | of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824a(f)) 19 |
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| 177 | 177 | | is amended by striking ‘‘insofar as such State 20 |
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| 178 | 178 | | regulation does not conflict with the exercise of 21 |
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| 179 | 179 | | the Commission’s powers under or relating to 22 |
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| 180 | 180 | | subsection (e)’’. 23 |
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| 181 | 181 | | (B) S |
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| 182 | 182 | | EASONAL DIVERSITY ELECTRICITY 24 |
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| 183 | 183 | | EXCHANGE.—Section 602(b) of the Public Util-25 |
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| 185 | 185 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 7 |
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| 186 | 186 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 187 | 187 | | ity Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1 |
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| 188 | 188 | | 824a–4(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘the Com-2 |
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| 189 | 189 | | mission has conducted hearings and made the 3 |
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| 190 | 190 | | findings required under section 202(e) of the 4 |
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| 191 | 191 | | Federal Power Act’’ and all that follows 5 |
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| 192 | 192 | | through the period at the end and inserting 6 |
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| 193 | 193 | | ‘‘the Secretary has conducted hearings and 7 |
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| 194 | 194 | | finds that the proposed transmission facilities 8 |
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| 195 | 195 | | would not impair the sufficiency of electric sup-9 |
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| 196 | 196 | | ply within the United States or would not im-10 |
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| 197 | 197 | | pede or tend to impede the coordination in the 11 |
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| 198 | 198 | | public interest of facilities subject to the juris-12 |
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| 199 | 199 | | diction of the Secretary.’’. 13 |
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| 200 | 200 | | (d) N |
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| 201 | 201 | | OPRESIDENTIALPERMITREQUIRED.—No 14 |
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| 202 | 202 | | Presidential permit (or similar permit) shall be required 15 |
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| 203 | 203 | | pursuant to any provision of law or Executive order for 16 |
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| 204 | 204 | | the construction, connection, operation, or maintenance of 17 |
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| 205 | 205 | | an oil or natural gas pipeline or electric transmission facil-18 |
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| 206 | 206 | | ity, or any border-crossing facility thereof. 19 |
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| 207 | 207 | | (e) M |
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| 208 | 208 | | ODIFICATIONS TO AND MAINTENANCE OF EX-20 |
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| 209 | 209 | | ISTINGPROJECTS.—No certificate of crossing under sub-21 |
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| 210 | 210 | | section (a), or permit described in subsection (d), shall be 22 |
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| 211 | 211 | | required for a modification to or maintenance of— 23 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (1) an oil or natural gas pipeline or electric 24 |
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| 213 | 213 | | transmission facility that is operating for the import 25 |
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| 215 | 215 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 8 |
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| 216 | 216 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 217 | 217 | | or export of oil or natural gas or the transmission 1 |
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| 218 | 218 | | of electricity as of the date of enactment of this Act; 2 |
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| 219 | 219 | | (2) an oil or natural gas pipeline or electric 3 |
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| 220 | 220 | | transmission facility for which a permit described in 4 |
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| 221 | 221 | | subsection (d) has been issued; or 5 |
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| 222 | 222 | | (3) a border-crossing facility for which a certifi-6 |
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| 223 | 223 | | cate of crossing has previously been issued under 7 |
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| 224 | 224 | | subsection (a). 8 |
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| 225 | 225 | | (f) E |
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| 226 | 226 | | FFECTIVEDATES; RULEMAKINGDEADLINES.— 9 |
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| 227 | 227 | | (1) E |
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| 228 | 228 | | FFECTIVE DATE .—Subsections (a) 10 |
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| 229 | 229 | | through (e) and the amendments made by such sub-11 |
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| 230 | 230 | | sections shall take effect on the date that is 1 year 12 |
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| 231 | 231 | | after the date of enactment of this Act. 13 |
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| 232 | 232 | | (2) R |
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| 233 | 233 | | ULEMAKING DEADLINES .—Each relevant 14 |
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| 234 | 234 | | official or agency described in subsection (a)(2)(B) 15 |
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| 235 | 235 | | shall— 16 |
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| 236 | 236 | | (A) not later than 180 days after the date 17 |
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| 237 | 237 | | of enactment of this Act, publish in the Federal 18 |
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| 238 | 238 | | Register notice of a proposed rulemaking to 19 |
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| 239 | 239 | | carry out the applicable requirements of sub-20 |
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| 240 | 240 | | section (a); and 21 |
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| 241 | 241 | | (B) not later than 1 year after the date of 22 |
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| 242 | 242 | | enactment of this Act, publish in the Federal 23 |
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| 243 | 243 | | Register a final rule to carry out the applicable 24 |
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| 244 | 244 | | requirements of subsection (a). 25 |
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| 247 | 247 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 248 | 248 | | (g) JUDICIALREVIEW.—Any entity aggrieved by a 1 |
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| 249 | 249 | | final agency action taken under this section may obtain 2 |
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| 250 | 250 | | a review of such action by filing a petition for review in 3 |
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| 251 | 251 | | the United States Court of Appeals for any circuit wherein 4 |
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| 252 | 252 | | an applicant for authorization under this section is located 5 |
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| 253 | 253 | | or has its principal place of business, or in the United 6 |
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| 254 | 254 | | States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. The 7 |
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| 255 | 255 | | petition must be filed not later than 60 days after such 8 |
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| 256 | 256 | | action is taken. 9 |
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| 257 | 257 | | (h) D |
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| 258 | 258 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 10 |
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| 259 | 259 | | (1) A |
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| 260 | 260 | | PPROPRIATE FEDERAL AGENCIES .—The 11 |
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| 261 | 261 | | term ‘‘appropriate Federal agencies’’ in subsection 12 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (a)(2)(A) means the Secretary of Defense, the Attor-13 |
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| 263 | 263 | | ney General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Sec-14 |
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| 264 | 264 | | retary of Commerce, the Secretary of Transpor-15 |
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| 265 | 265 | | tation, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of 16 |
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| 266 | 266 | | Homeland Security, the Administrator of the Envi-17 |
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| 267 | 267 | | ronmental Protection Agency, and, for applications 18 |
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| 268 | 268 | | concerning the border with Mexico, the United 19 |
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| 269 | 269 | | States Commissioner of the International Boundary 20 |
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| 270 | 270 | | and Water Commission. 21 |
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| 271 | 271 | | (2) B |
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| 272 | 272 | | ORDER-CROSSING FACILITY.—The term 22 |
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| 273 | 273 | | ‘‘border-crossing facility’’ means— 23 |
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| 274 | 274 | | (A) the portion of an oil pipeline between 24 |
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| 275 | 275 | | an international boundary and the first main-25 |
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| 277 | 277 | | kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS 10 |
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| 278 | 278 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 279 | 279 | | line valve on the United States side of an inter-1 |
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| 280 | 280 | | national boundary; and 2 |
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| 281 | 281 | | (B) the portion of a natural gas pipeline or 3 |
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| 282 | 282 | | electric transmission facility that is located at 4 |
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| 283 | 283 | | an international boundary of the United States. 5 |
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| 284 | 284 | | (3) E |
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| 285 | 285 | | LECTRIC RELIABILITY ORGANIZATION ; RE-6 |
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| 286 | 286 | | GIONAL ENTITY.—The terms ‘‘Electric Reliability 7 |
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| 287 | 287 | | Organization’’ and ‘‘regional entity’’ have the mean-8 |
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| 288 | 288 | | ings given those terms in section 215 of the Federal 9 |
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| 289 | 289 | | Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824o). 10 |
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| 290 | 290 | | (4) I |
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| 291 | 291 | | NDEPENDENT SYSTEM OPERATOR ; RE-11 |
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| 292 | 292 | | GIONAL TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION .—The terms 12 |
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| 293 | 293 | | ‘‘Independent System Operator’’ and ‘‘Regional 13 |
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| 294 | 294 | | Transmission Organization’’ have the meanings 14 |
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| 295 | 295 | | given those terms in section 3 of the Federal Power 15 |
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| 296 | 296 | | Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 16 |
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| 297 | 297 | | (5) M |
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| 298 | 298 | | ODIFICATION.—The term ‘‘modification’’ 17 |
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| 299 | 299 | | includes a reversal of flow direction, change in own-18 |
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| 300 | 300 | | ership, change in flow volume, change in product de-19 |
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| 301 | 301 | | livered, addition or removal of an interconnection, or 20 |
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| 302 | 302 | | an adjustment to regulate flow (such as a reduction 21 |
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| 303 | 303 | | or increase in the number of pump or compressor 22 |
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| 304 | 304 | | stations or valves). 23 |
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| 307 | 307 | | •S 989 IS |
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| 308 | 308 | | (6) NATURAL GAS.—The term ‘‘natural gas’’ 1 |
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| 309 | 309 | | has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the 2 |
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| 310 | 310 | | Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717a). 3 |
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| 311 | 311 | | (7) O |
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| 312 | 312 | | IL.—The term ‘‘oil’’ means petroleum or 4 |
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| 313 | 313 | | a petroleum product. 5 |
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| 314 | 314 | | Æ |
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