II
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 1206
To amend title 28, United States Code, to prohibit the issuance of national
injunctions, and for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MARCH31, 2025
Mr. G
RASSLEY(for himself, Mr. BARRASSO, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mrs. BRITT,
Mr. B
UDD, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. CRAMER, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. DAINES, Mr.
G
RAHAM, Mr. HAGERTY, Mr. JUSTICE, Mr. KENNEDY, Ms. LUMMIS, Mr.
M
ARSHALL, Mrs. MOODY, Mr. MORENO, Mr. SCHMITT, Mr. TILLIS, Mr.
T
UBERVILLE, Mr. CASSIDY, and Mr. LEE) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To amend title 28, United States Code, to prohibit the
issuance of national injunctions, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Judicial Relief Clari-4
fication Act of 2025’’. 5
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•S 1206 IS
SEC. 2. NON-PARTY RELIEF. 1
(a) I
NGENERAL.—Chapter 155 of title 28, United 2
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-3
lowing: 4
‘‘§ 2285. Non-party relief 5
‘‘No court of the United States (and no district court 6
of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Is-7
lands) shall issue any order, including an injunction, 8
vacatur, stay, temporary restraining order, declaratory re-9
lief, or equitable relief, that purports to restrain the en-10
forcement against a non-party or compel action in favor 11
of a non-party with respect to any statute, regulation, 12
order, executive action, or similar authority, unless the 13
court determines the non-party is represented by a party 14
acting in a representative capacity pursuant to the Federal 15
Rules of Civil Procedure.’’. 16
(b) C
LERICALAMENDMENT.—The table of sections 17
for chapter 155 of title 28, United States Code is amended 18
by inserting after the item relating to section 2285 the 19
following: 20
‘‘2285. Non-party relief.’’.
SEC. 3. TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDERS.
21
Section 1292(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 22
amended by adding at the end the following: 23
‘‘(4) Temporary restraining orders issued pur-24
suant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or any 25
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other authority that purports to restrain the enforce-1
ment of, or compel action with respect to, any stat-2
ute, regulation, order, executive action, or similar 3
authority, by the United States or one of the several 4
States within the meaning of section 1332, an agen-5
cy thereof, or an officer or employee thereof acting 6
in an official capacity.’’. 7
SEC. 4. DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS. 8
Section 2201(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 9
amended, in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘before the 10
court’’ after ‘‘party’’. 11
SEC. 5. JUDICIAL REVIEW. 12
Chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code, is amend-13
ed— 14
(1) in section 705, in the second sentence, by 15
inserting ‘‘limited to a person, as defined in section 16
551, before the court’’ after ‘‘process’’; and 17
(2) in section 706— 18
(A) in the second sentence of the matter 19
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, limited 20
to a person, as defined in section 551, before 21
the court’’ after ‘‘shall’’; and 22
(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter pre-23
ceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and set 24
aside’’. 25
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SEC. 6. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 1
Nothing in this Act, or an amendment made by this 2
Act, shall be construed to imply that Federal courts other-3
wise possess the authority to grant relief that is prohibited 4
by this Act and the amendments made by this Act. 5
Æ
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