| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 1331 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To require the Secretary of Defense to establish or designate an office |
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| 6 | 6 | | in the Department of Defense to serve as the lead for all quantum |
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| 7 | 7 | | efforts of the Department, and for other purposes. |
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| 8 | 8 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 9 | 9 | | APRIL8, 2025 |
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| 10 | 10 | | Ms. H |
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| 11 | 11 | | ASSAN(for herself and Mrs. BLACKBURN) introduced the following bill; |
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| 12 | 12 | | which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services |
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| 13 | 13 | | A BILL |
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| 14 | 14 | | To require the Secretary of Defense to establish or designate |
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| 15 | 15 | | an office in the Department of Defense to serve as |
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| 16 | 16 | | the lead for all quantum efforts of the Department, |
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| 17 | 17 | | and for other purposes. |
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| 18 | 18 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 19 | 19 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 20 | 20 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 21 | 21 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum National Se-4 |
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| 22 | 22 | | curity Coordination and Competition Act of 2025’’. 5 |
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| 24 | 24 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 25 | 25 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 26 | 26 | | SEC. 2. NATIONAL SECURITY QUANTUM COORDINATION 1 |
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| 27 | 27 | | AND COMPETITION. 2 |
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| 28 | 28 | | (a) O |
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| 29 | 29 | | FFICE OFQUANTUMCAPABILITIES ANDCOM-3 |
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| 30 | 30 | | PETITION.— 4 |
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| 31 | 31 | | (1) E |
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| 32 | 32 | | STABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 5 |
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| 33 | 33 | | after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-6 |
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| 34 | 34 | | retary of Defense shall establish or designate an of-7 |
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| 35 | 35 | | fice in the Department of Defense to serve as the 8 |
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| 36 | 36 | | lead for all quantum efforts of the Department relat-9 |
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| 37 | 37 | | ing to the following: 10 |
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| 38 | 38 | | (A) Quantum technology research, includ-11 |
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| 39 | 39 | | ing quantum sensing, quantum computing, and 12 |
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| 40 | 40 | | quantum communications. 13 |
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| 41 | 41 | | (B) Quantum technology development, in-14 |
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| 42 | 42 | | cluding quantum sensing, quantum computing, 15 |
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| 43 | 43 | | and quantum communications. 16 |
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| 44 | 44 | | (C) Quantum technology application, in-17 |
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| 45 | 45 | | cluding quantum sensing, quantum computing, 18 |
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| 46 | 46 | | and quantum communications. 19 |
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| 47 | 47 | | (D) Quantum technology policy, including 20 |
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| 48 | 48 | | quantum sensing, quantum computing, and 21 |
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| 49 | 49 | | quantum communications. 22 |
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| 50 | 50 | | (E) Such other quantum related efforts as 23 |
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| 51 | 51 | | the Secretary considers appropriate. 24 |
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| 52 | 52 | | (2) D |
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| 53 | 53 | | ESIGNATION.—The office established or 25 |
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| 54 | 54 | | designated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be 26 |
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| 56 | 56 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 3 |
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| 57 | 57 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 58 | 58 | | known as the ‘‘Department of Defense Office of 1 |
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| 59 | 59 | | Quantum Capabilities and Competition’’ (in this sec-2 |
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| 60 | 60 | | tion the ‘‘Office’’). 3 |
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| 61 | 61 | | (3) P |
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| 62 | 62 | | RIMARY MISSION.—The primary mission of 4 |
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| 63 | 63 | | the Office shall be coordinating, leading, and direct-5 |
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| 64 | 64 | | ing quantum technology efforts of the Department 6 |
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| 65 | 65 | | in order— 7 |
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| 66 | 66 | | (A) to advance Department research ef-8 |
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| 67 | 67 | | forts in quantum technology; 9 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (B) to develop quantum technology exper-10 |
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| 69 | 69 | | tise that enables advancements in United States 11 |
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| 70 | 70 | | national security capabilities; 12 |
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| 71 | 71 | | (C) to aggressively pursue a national com-13 |
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| 72 | 72 | | petitive advantage in quantum technology, vis- 14 |
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| 73 | 73 | | a`-vis other countries; and 15 |
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| 74 | 74 | | (D) to develop quantum technologies that 16 |
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| 75 | 75 | | can be utilized for real-world application by the 17 |
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| 76 | 76 | | Department of Defense or other United States 18 |
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| 77 | 77 | | national security entities. 19 |
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| 78 | 78 | | (b) C |
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| 79 | 79 | | OORDINATIONWITHOTHERQUANTUMEF-20 |
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| 80 | 80 | | FORTS.— 21 |
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| 81 | 81 | | (1) I |
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| 82 | 82 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, acting 22 |
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| 83 | 83 | | through the Office, regularly coordinate with the 23 |
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| 84 | 84 | | heads of other Federal departments and agencies 24 |
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| 86 | 86 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 4 |
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| 87 | 87 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 88 | 88 | | that work on quantum science, quantum technology, 1 |
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| 89 | 89 | | or quantum research. 2 |
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| 90 | 90 | | (2) Q |
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| 91 | 91 | | UANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE FOR NA -3 |
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| 92 | 92 | | TIONAL SECURITY.— 4 |
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| 93 | 93 | | (A) I |
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| 94 | 94 | | N GENERAL.—In carrying out para-5 |
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| 95 | 95 | | graph (1), the Secretary shall establish within 6 |
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| 96 | 96 | | the Office a subcomponent to liaise with, share 7 |
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| 97 | 97 | | expertise with, and whenever feasible, coordi-8 |
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| 98 | 98 | | nate and, if necessary, deconflict efforts with 9 |
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| 99 | 99 | | other relevant U.S. government entities pur-10 |
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| 100 | 100 | | suing efforts on quantum science, quantum 11 |
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| 101 | 101 | | technology, or quantum research. 12 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (B) D |
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| 103 | 103 | | ESIGNATION.—The subcomponent es-13 |
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| 104 | 104 | | tablished pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be 14 |
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| 105 | 105 | | known as the ‘‘Quantum Coordination Office 15 |
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| 106 | 106 | | for National Security’’. 16 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (c) T |
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| 108 | 108 | | RIENNIALREPORTS.— 17 |
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| 109 | 109 | | (1) I |
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| 110 | 110 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than one year 18 |
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| 111 | 111 | | after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not 19 |
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| 112 | 112 | | less frequently than once every three years there-20 |
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| 113 | 113 | | after, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 21 |
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| 114 | 114 | | committees of Congress a report on national security 22 |
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| 115 | 115 | | quantum capabilities and competition. 23 |
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| 118 | 118 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 119 | 119 | | (2) CONTENTS GENERALLY .—Each report sub-1 |
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| 120 | 120 | | mitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall cover the fol-2 |
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| 121 | 121 | | lowing: 3 |
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| 122 | 122 | | (A) The state of current quantum efforts 4 |
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| 123 | 123 | | within the Department of Defense, including 5 |
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| 124 | 124 | | specific sections on quantum sensing, quantum 6 |
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| 125 | 125 | | computing, and quantum communications. 7 |
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| 126 | 126 | | (B) The state of current quantum efforts 8 |
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| 127 | 127 | | of adversarial and competitor countries, includ-9 |
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| 128 | 128 | | ing specific sections on quantum sensing, quan-10 |
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| 129 | 129 | | tum computing, and quantum communications. 11 |
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| 130 | 130 | | (C) The state of current quantum efforts 12 |
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| 131 | 131 | | of any other countries with advanced capabili-13 |
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| 132 | 132 | | ties in quantum technology and quantum 14 |
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| 133 | 133 | | science, including specific sections on quantum 15 |
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| 134 | 134 | | sensing, quantum computing, and quantum 16 |
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| 135 | 135 | | communications. 17 |
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| 136 | 136 | | (D) A comparison of the capabilities of the 18 |
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| 137 | 137 | | United States and those of adversarial and 19 |
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| 138 | 138 | | competitor countries, as well as any other coun-20 |
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| 139 | 139 | | tries with advanced capabilities in quantum 21 |
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| 140 | 140 | | technology and quantum science. 22 |
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| 141 | 141 | | (E) An assessment of capabilities of the 23 |
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| 142 | 142 | | United States compared to those of China, Rus-24 |
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| 143 | 143 | | sia, and Iran, combined with an assessment of 25 |
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| 146 | 146 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 147 | 147 | | how such countries (in addition to any other 1 |
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| 148 | 148 | | countries the Secretary considers relevant) may 2 |
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| 149 | 149 | | utilize quantum technology in a conflict against 3 |
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| 150 | 150 | | the United States or allies and partners of the 4 |
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| 151 | 151 | | United States, including via hybrid warfare. 5 |
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| 152 | 152 | | (F) A realistic pathway forward, both 6 |
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| 153 | 153 | | short term (3 years) and long term (10 years 7 |
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| 154 | 154 | | and beyond), for the United States to compete 8 |
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| 155 | 155 | | with and outpace other countries in quantum 9 |
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| 156 | 156 | | technology and quantum science in regard to 10 |
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| 157 | 157 | | national security. 11 |
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| 158 | 158 | | (3) C |
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| 159 | 159 | | ONTENTS OF INITIAL REPORT .—In addi-12 |
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| 160 | 160 | | tion to the matter covered by paragraph (2), the 13 |
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| 161 | 161 | | first report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) 14 |
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| 162 | 162 | | shall include an annex on quantum communication 15 |
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| 163 | 163 | | efforts that covers the following: 16 |
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| 164 | 164 | | (A) The current state of United States na-17 |
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| 165 | 165 | | tional security quantum communications tech-18 |
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| 166 | 166 | | nology and capabilities. 19 |
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| 167 | 167 | | (B) A comparison of the national security 20 |
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| 168 | 168 | | quantum communications technology and capa-21 |
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| 169 | 169 | | bilities of the United States compared to that 22 |
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| 170 | 170 | | of China, Russia, Iran, and such other coun-23 |
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| 171 | 171 | | tries as the Secretary considers relevant. 24 |
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| 174 | 174 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 175 | 175 | | (C) An immediate (2 years) and long-term 1 |
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| 176 | 176 | | (10 years and beyond) plan— 2 |
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| 177 | 177 | | (i) to close any gaps that may exist 3 |
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| 178 | 178 | | between national security quantum com-4 |
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| 179 | 179 | | munications technology and capabilities of 5 |
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| 180 | 180 | | the United States and those of China, Rus-6 |
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| 181 | 181 | | sia, Iran, and such other countries as the 7 |
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| 182 | 182 | | Secretary considers relevant; and 8 |
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| 183 | 183 | | (ii) to outpace the quantum commu-9 |
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| 184 | 184 | | nications technology and capabilities for 10 |
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| 185 | 185 | | China, Russia, Iran, and such other coun-11 |
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| 186 | 186 | | tries as the Secretary considers relevant. 12 |
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| 187 | 187 | | (4) F |
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| 188 | 188 | | ORM.—Each report submitted pursuant to 13 |
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| 189 | 189 | | paragraph (1) shall be submitted in classified form. 14 |
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| 190 | 190 | | (5) A |
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| 191 | 191 | | PPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS 15 |
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| 192 | 192 | | DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appro-16 |
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| 193 | 193 | | priate committees of Congress’’ means— 17 |
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| 194 | 194 | | (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 18 |
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| 195 | 195 | | Select Committee on Intelligence, the Com-19 |
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| 196 | 196 | | mittee on Foreign Relations, and the Com-20 |
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| 197 | 197 | | mittee on Homeland Security and Govern-21 |
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| 198 | 198 | | mental Affairs of the Senate; and 22 |
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| 199 | 199 | | (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 23 |
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| 200 | 200 | | Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 24 |
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| 201 | 201 | | the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 25 |
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| 204 | 204 | | •S 1331 IS |
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| 205 | 205 | | Committee on Homeland Security of the House 1 |
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| 206 | 206 | | of Representatives. 2 |
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| 207 | 207 | | (d) P |
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| 208 | 208 | | ROTECTION OF NATIONALSECURITY.—The 3 |
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| 209 | 209 | | Secretary shall carry out this section in accordance with 4 |
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| 210 | 210 | | all applicable provisions of law and policies relating to 5 |
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| 211 | 211 | | classified information and national security. 6 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (e) R |
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| 213 | 213 | | ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-7 |
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| 214 | 214 | | tion shall be construed to require any action that is not 8 |
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| 215 | 215 | | consistent with a provision of law or policy that was in 9 |
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| 216 | 216 | | effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 10 |
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| 217 | 217 | | Act. 11 |
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| 218 | 218 | | Æ |
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