II
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 1331
To require the Secretary of Defense to establish or designate an office
in the Department of Defense to serve as the lead for all quantum
efforts of the Department, and for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
APRIL8, 2025
Ms. H
ASSAN(for herself and Mrs. BLACKBURN) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services
A BILL
To require the Secretary of Defense to establish or designate
an office in the Department of Defense to serve as
the lead for all quantum efforts of the Department,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum National Se-4
curity Coordination and Competition Act of 2025’’. 5
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•S 1331 IS
SEC. 2. NATIONAL SECURITY QUANTUM COORDINATION 1
AND COMPETITION. 2
(a) O
FFICE OFQUANTUMCAPABILITIES ANDCOM-3
PETITION.— 4
(1) E
STABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 5
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-6
retary of Defense shall establish or designate an of-7
fice in the Department of Defense to serve as the 8
lead for all quantum efforts of the Department relat-9
ing to the following: 10
(A) Quantum technology research, includ-11
ing quantum sensing, quantum computing, and 12
quantum communications. 13
(B) Quantum technology development, in-14
cluding quantum sensing, quantum computing, 15
and quantum communications. 16
(C) Quantum technology application, in-17
cluding quantum sensing, quantum computing, 18
and quantum communications. 19
(D) Quantum technology policy, including 20
quantum sensing, quantum computing, and 21
quantum communications. 22
(E) Such other quantum related efforts as 23
the Secretary considers appropriate. 24
(2) D
ESIGNATION.—The office established or 25
designated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be 26
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•S 1331 IS
known as the ‘‘Department of Defense Office of 1
Quantum Capabilities and Competition’’ (in this sec-2
tion the ‘‘Office’’). 3
(3) P
RIMARY MISSION.—The primary mission of 4
the Office shall be coordinating, leading, and direct-5
ing quantum technology efforts of the Department 6
in order— 7
(A) to advance Department research ef-8
forts in quantum technology; 9
(B) to develop quantum technology exper-10
tise that enables advancements in United States 11
national security capabilities; 12
(C) to aggressively pursue a national com-13
petitive advantage in quantum technology, vis- 14
a`-vis other countries; and 15
(D) to develop quantum technologies that 16
can be utilized for real-world application by the 17
Department of Defense or other United States 18
national security entities. 19
(b) C
OORDINATIONWITHOTHERQUANTUMEF-20
FORTS.— 21
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, acting 22
through the Office, regularly coordinate with the 23
heads of other Federal departments and agencies 24
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that work on quantum science, quantum technology, 1
or quantum research. 2
(2) Q
UANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE FOR NA -3
TIONAL SECURITY.— 4
(A) I
N GENERAL.—In carrying out para-5
graph (1), the Secretary shall establish within 6
the Office a subcomponent to liaise with, share 7
expertise with, and whenever feasible, coordi-8
nate and, if necessary, deconflict efforts with 9
other relevant U.S. government entities pur-10
suing efforts on quantum science, quantum 11
technology, or quantum research. 12
(B) D
ESIGNATION.—The subcomponent es-13
tablished pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be 14
known as the ‘‘Quantum Coordination Office 15
for National Security’’. 16
(c) T
RIENNIALREPORTS.— 17
(1) I
N GENERAL.—Not later than one year 18
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not 19
less frequently than once every three years there-20
after, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 21
committees of Congress a report on national security 22
quantum capabilities and competition. 23
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(2) CONTENTS GENERALLY .—Each report sub-1
mitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall cover the fol-2
lowing: 3
(A) The state of current quantum efforts 4
within the Department of Defense, including 5
specific sections on quantum sensing, quantum 6
computing, and quantum communications. 7
(B) The state of current quantum efforts 8
of adversarial and competitor countries, includ-9
ing specific sections on quantum sensing, quan-10
tum computing, and quantum communications. 11
(C) The state of current quantum efforts 12
of any other countries with advanced capabili-13
ties in quantum technology and quantum 14
science, including specific sections on quantum 15
sensing, quantum computing, and quantum 16
communications. 17
(D) A comparison of the capabilities of the 18
United States and those of adversarial and 19
competitor countries, as well as any other coun-20
tries with advanced capabilities in quantum 21
technology and quantum science. 22
(E) An assessment of capabilities of the 23
United States compared to those of China, Rus-24
sia, and Iran, combined with an assessment of 25
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how such countries (in addition to any other 1
countries the Secretary considers relevant) may 2
utilize quantum technology in a conflict against 3
the United States or allies and partners of the 4
United States, including via hybrid warfare. 5
(F) A realistic pathway forward, both 6
short term (3 years) and long term (10 years 7
and beyond), for the United States to compete 8
with and outpace other countries in quantum 9
technology and quantum science in regard to 10
national security. 11
(3) C
ONTENTS OF INITIAL REPORT .—In addi-12
tion to the matter covered by paragraph (2), the 13
first report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) 14
shall include an annex on quantum communication 15
efforts that covers the following: 16
(A) The current state of United States na-17
tional security quantum communications tech-18
nology and capabilities. 19
(B) A comparison of the national security 20
quantum communications technology and capa-21
bilities of the United States compared to that 22
of China, Russia, Iran, and such other coun-23
tries as the Secretary considers relevant. 24
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(C) An immediate (2 years) and long-term 1
(10 years and beyond) plan— 2
(i) to close any gaps that may exist 3
between national security quantum com-4
munications technology and capabilities of 5
the United States and those of China, Rus-6
sia, Iran, and such other countries as the 7
Secretary considers relevant; and 8
(ii) to outpace the quantum commu-9
nications technology and capabilities for 10
China, Russia, Iran, and such other coun-11
tries as the Secretary considers relevant. 12
(4) F
ORM.—Each report submitted pursuant to 13
paragraph (1) shall be submitted in classified form. 14
(5) A
PPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS 15
DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appro-16
priate committees of Congress’’ means— 17
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 18
Select Committee on Intelligence, the Com-19
mittee on Foreign Relations, and the Com-20
mittee on Homeland Security and Govern-21
mental Affairs of the Senate; and 22
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 23
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 24
the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 25
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Committee on Homeland Security of the House 1
of Representatives. 2
(d) P
ROTECTION OF NATIONALSECURITY.—The 3
Secretary shall carry out this section in accordance with 4
all applicable provisions of law and policies relating to 5
classified information and national security. 6
(e) R
ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-7
tion shall be construed to require any action that is not 8
consistent with a provision of law or policy that was in 9
effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 10
Act. 11
Æ
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