II
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 320
To reauthorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, and for
other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JANUARY29, 2025
Mr. P
ADILLA(for himself and Ms. MURKOWSKI) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation
A BILL
To reauthorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of
1977, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Earthquake 4
Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 5
2025’’. 6
SEC. 2. MODIFICATION OF FINDINGS. 7
Section 2 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 8
of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7701) is amended— 9
(1) in paragraph (1)— 10
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(A) by striking ‘‘50 States, and the Com-1
monwealth of Puerto Rico,’’ and inserting 2
‘‘States and Tribal jurisdictions’’; 3
(B) by striking ‘‘of them’’ and inserting 4
‘‘States’’; and 5
(C) by adding at the end the following: 6
‘‘Almost half of the United States population 7
resides in areas that are at risk or experiencing 8
a damaging earthquake during the 50-year pe-9
riod beginning on the date of the enactment of 10
the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction 11
Program Reauthorization Act of 2025’’; 12
(2) in paragraph (2)— 13
(A) by inserting after the first sentence the 14
following: ‘‘A 2023 report by the Federal Emer-15
gency Management Agency and the United 16
States Geological Survey (FEMA P–366) esti-17
mates the annualized earthquake losses to the 18
national building stock is $14,700,000,000 per 19
year and the total economic exposure to earth-20
quake losses (buildings and contents) across the 21
nation is $107,800,000,000,000.’’; and 22
(B) in the third sentence— 23
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(i) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and 1
inserting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and 2
retrofitting’’; and 3
(ii) by striking ‘‘and (E)’’ and insert-4
ing the following: ‘‘(E) inventories of build-5
ings and infrastructure with high seismic 6
risk, especially those that are critical to 7
community resilience, (F) programs that 8
require or incentivize replacement or ret-9
rofit of existing buildings and infrastruc-10
ture with high seismic risk, especially those 11
that are critical to community resilience, 12
and (G)’’; 13
(3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘Tribal,’’ 14
after ‘‘local,’’; 15
(4) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘could pro-16
vide’’ and all that follows through the period at the 17
end and inserting ‘‘is necessary to provide the sci-18
entific understanding needed to improve and expand 19
the earthquake early warning system.’’; 20
(5) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘cave-ins’’ and 21
inserting ‘‘collapse’’; 22
(6) in paragraph (9)— 23
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(A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘and 1
local’’ and inserting ‘‘local, and Tribal govern-2
ment’’; 3
(B) in the second sentence, by striking 4
‘‘transfer knowledge and information to’’ and 5
inserting ‘‘exchange knowledge and information 6
between’’; and 7
(C) in the third sentence, by striking 8
‘‘specifications, criteria’’ and inserting ‘‘guide-9
lines, codes, standards’’; 10
(7) in paragraph (12)— 11
(A) in the second sentence— 12
(i) by striking ‘‘When earthquakes 13
occur, the built environment is generally’’ 14
and inserting ‘‘Relatively newer buildings 15
and infrastructure have generally been’’; 16
and 17
(ii) by striking ‘‘and is’’ and inserting 18
‘‘when earthquakes occur, but most are’’; 19
and 20
(B) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In 21
addition, buildings and infrastructure built to 22
older codes and standards may pose significant 23
risk of injury, loss of life, or irreparable dam-24
age. A 2021 report submitted to Congress pur-25
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suant to section 8(b), as amended by section 5 1
of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction 2
Program Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public 3
Law 115–307), by the Federal Emergency 4
Management Agency and the National Institute 5
of Standards and Technology (FEMA P2090/ 6
NST SP–1254) provides recommendations for 7
improving post-earthquake functional recovery 8
time of the built environment to support com-9
munity resilience goals and many of these rec-10
ommendations still need to be implemented.’’; 11
and 12
(8) in paragraph (13)— 13
(A) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘in 14
2011’’ after ‘‘a study’’; 15
(B) in the second sentence, by inserting 16
‘‘(in 2011 dollars)’’ after ‘‘$300,000,000’’; and 17
(C) by adding at the end the following: 18
‘‘The cost of actual seismic retrofits to reduce 19
known risks is not included in such valuation.’’. 20
SEC. 3. MODIFICATION OF PURPOSE. 21
Section 3 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 22
of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7702) is amended— 23
(1) in paragraph (1)— 24
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(A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 1
‘‘, local, and Tribal government’’; and 2
(B) by striking ‘‘locations and structures’’ 3
and inserting ‘‘buildings and infrastructure’’; 4
(2) in paragraph (2)— 5
(A) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and in-6
serting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and retro-7
fitting’’; and 8
(B) by inserting ‘‘housing and care facili-9
ties for vulnerable populations,’’ after ‘‘occu-10
pancy buildings’’; and 11
(3) in paragraph (4)— 12
(A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 13
‘‘, local, and Tribal government’’; and 14
(B) by striking ‘‘encourage consideration 15
of’’ and inserting ‘‘incorporate’’. 16
SEC. 4. MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS. 17
Section 4 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 18
of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7703) is amended— 19
(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘, including 20
secondary effects such as earthquake-caused 21
tsunamis’’; and 22
(2) by adding at the end the following: 23
‘‘(11) The term ‘Tribal government’ has the 24
meaning given the term ‘tribal government’ in sec-25
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tion 421 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 1
(2 U.S.C. 658). 2
‘‘(12) The term ‘functional recovery’ means a 3
post-earthquake performance state in which a build-4
ing or lifeline infrastructure system is maintained, 5
or restored, to safely and adequately support the 6
basic intended functions associated with the pre- 7
earthquake use or occupancy of a building, or the 8
pre-earthquake service level of a lifeline infrastruc-9
ture system. 10
‘‘(13) The term ‘earthquake forecast’ means a 11
statement of probabilities that 1 or more earth-12
quakes within a clearly specified magnitude range 13
may occur within a specified time interval and geo-14
graphic region.’’. 15
SEC. 5. IMPROVEMENTS TO NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZ-16
ARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM. 17
(a) P
ROGRAMACTIVITIES.—Subsection (a)(2) of sec-18
tion 5 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 19
(42 U.S.C. 7704) is amended— 20
(1) in subparagraph (B)— 21
(A) in the matter before clause (i)— 22
(i) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert-23
ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 24
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(ii) by striking ‘‘and constructing’’ 1
and inserting ‘‘, designing, constructing, 2
evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 3
(B) by amending clause (ii) to read as fol-4
lows: 5
‘‘(ii) development of standards, guide-6
lines, and voluntary standards, guidelines, 7
and consensus codes for earthquake haz-8
ards reduction for buildings, structures, 9
and lifeline infrastructure, including post- 10
earthquake recovery-based performance ob-11
jectives that address reoccupancy and 12
downtime of community-prioritized build-13
ings, structures, and services provided by 14
lifeline infrastructure;’’; 15
(C) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘and haz-16
ards reduction; and’’ and inserting ‘‘functional 17
recovery, and other hazards reduction topics;’’; 18
(D) in clause (iv)— 19
(i) by inserting ‘‘and maintaining’’ 20
after ‘‘publishing’’; 21
(ii) by inserting ‘‘in coordination with 22
the National Tsunami Hazards Mitigation 23
Program, tsunami susceptibility,’’ after 24
‘‘liquefaction susceptibility,’’; and 25
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(iii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 1
a semicolon; and 2
(E) by adding at the end the following: 3
‘‘(v) subject to the availability of 4
funds, development of best practices and 5
guidelines to create an inventory of and 6
conduct seismic performance evaluations of 7
buildings, structures, and lifeline infra-8
structure with high seismic risk, especially 9
those that are critical to community resil-10
ience; and 11
‘‘(vi) subject to the availability of 12
funds, the provision of technical assistance 13
upon request by a State, local, or Tribal 14
government regarding— 15
‘‘(I) the creation of an inventory 16
of buildings, structures, and lifeline 17
infrastructure; 18
‘‘(II) the performance of seismic 19
performance evaluations; and 20
‘‘(III) cost-effective best practices 21
for retrofitting existing buildings, 22
structures, and lifeline infrastruc-23
ture.’’; 24
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(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 1
and inserting a semicolon; 2
(3) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub-3
paragraph (E); and 4
(4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-5
lowing: 6
‘‘(D) improve the understanding of— 7
‘‘(i) the multiple hazards associated 8
with earthquakes, including liquefaction, 9
tsunamis, landslides, structural fires, and 10
the compounding effects of climate on 11
these hazards; and 12
‘‘(ii) potential mitigation measures for 13
such hazards; and’’. 14
(b) D
UTIES OFINTERAGENCYCOORDINATINGCOM-15
MITTEE ONEARTHQUAKEHAZARDSREDUCTION.—Sub-16
section (a)(3)(D)(ii) of such section is amended— 17
(1) in subclause (V), by inserting ‘‘and associ-18
ated secondary hazards’’ before the period at the 19
end; and 20
(2) by adding at the end the following: 21
‘‘(VIII) Coordinating with the 22
Chair of the Federal Communications 23
Commission on the timely broad-24
casting of emergency alerts generated 25
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by the earthquake early warning sys-1
tem.’’. 2
(c) B
IENNIALREPORT.—Subsection (a)(4)(A) of 3
such section is amended by striking ‘‘under paragraph 4
(3)(D)(i)(I)’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘under 5
paragraph (3)(D)(ii)(I)’’. 6
(d) A
DVISORYCOMMITTEE.—Subsection (a)(5)(A) of 7
such section is amended— 8
(1) by inserting ‘‘the Chair of the Scientific 9
Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee and’’ after 10
‘‘including’’; 11
(2) by striking ‘‘and local government’’ and in-12
serting ‘‘, local, and Tribal governments’’; and 13
(3) by inserting ‘‘social,’’ after ‘‘scientific,’’. 14
(e) L
EADAGENCY FORRESPONSIBILITIES OFPRO-15
GRAMAGENCIES.—Subsection (b)(1) of such section is 16
amended— 17
(1) in subparagraph (A)— 18
(A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 19
‘‘local, and Tribal governments’’; and 20
(B) by striking ‘‘plan and constructing’’ 21
and inserting ‘‘planning, designing, con-22
structing, evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 23
(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and 24
(D) as subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and 25
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(3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol-1
lowing: 2
‘‘(C) improve the understanding of earth-3
quake-caused fires and support the development 4
of engineering tools and construction methods 5
that mitigate the risk of fire following earth-6
quakes; 7
‘‘(D) develop, in coordination with the Ad-8
ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage-9
ment Agency, best practices and guidelines for 10
a State, local, or Tribal government to create 11
an inventory of buildings, structures, or lifeline 12
infrastructure that are critical to community re-13
silience or otherwise have high seismic risk; 14
‘‘(E) provide, in coordination with the Ad-15
ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage-16
ment Agency, technical assistance to a State, 17
local, or Tribal government requesting such as-18
sistance with respect to the creation of an in-19
ventory of buildings, structures, or lifeline in-20
frastructure;’’. 21
(f) R
ESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERALEMERGENCY 22
M
ANAGEMENTAGENCY.—Subsection (b)(2) of such sec-23
tion is amended— 24
(1) in subparagraph (A)— 25
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(A) in clause (i)— 1
(i) by inserting ‘‘and Tribal govern-2
ments’’ after ‘‘States’’; 3
(ii) by inserting ‘‘and performance 4
evaluations’’ after ‘‘safety inspections’’; 5
and 6
(iii) by inserting ‘‘and improve post- 7
earthquake functional recovery’’ after 8
‘‘seismic safety’’; 9
(B) in clause (ii), by inserting ‘‘, including 10
Tribal entities,’’ after ‘‘appropriate audiences’’; 11
(C) in clause (iii)— 12
(i) by striking ‘‘of seismic resistant’’ 13
and inserting ‘‘to all appropriate audi-14
ences, including Tribal governments, of’’; 15
and 16
(ii) by inserting ‘‘that enhance seismic 17
safety, improve post-earthquake functional 18
recovery, and reduce losses from earth-19
quakes’’ after ‘‘and lifeline infrastructure’’; 20
(D) in clause (iv)— 21
(i) in striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert-22
ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 23
(ii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 24
a semicolon; 25
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(E) by redesignating clause (v) as clause 1
(vi); and 2
(F) by inserting after clause (iv) the fol-3
lowing: 4
‘‘(v) shall provide technical assistance 5
to State, local, or Tribal governmental en-6
tities in the creation of evacuation plans in 7
the event of an earthquake, landslide, tsu-8
nami, or other earthquake-related hazard; 9
and’’; and 10
(2) in subparagraph (B)— 11
(A) in the subparagraph heading, by in-12
serting ‘‘
AND TRIBAL’’ after ‘‘STATE’’; 13
(B) in the matter before clause (i), by in-14
serting ‘‘or Tribal government’’ after ‘‘State’’; 15
and 16
(C) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘safety’’ and 17
inserting ‘‘performance, community resilience, 18
or public awareness’’. 19
(g) R
ESPONSIBILITIES OFUNITEDSTATESGEOLOGI-20
CALSURVEY.—Subsection (b)(3) of such section is 21
amended— 22
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and 23
local’’ and inserting ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; 24
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(2) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, the 1
Chair of the Federal Communications Commission,’’ 2
after ‘‘Agency’’; 3
(3) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) 4
through (K) as subparagraphs (L) through (Q), re-5
spectively; 6
(4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-7
lowing: 8
‘‘(D) coordinate with the Administrator of 9
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-10
istration and the Administrator of the Federal 11
Emergency Management Agency on data shar-12
ing and resource allocation to support a timely 13
response to oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis; 14
‘‘(E) in consultation with the Chair of the 15
Federal Communications Commission, ensure 16
that earthquake alerts and early warnings are 17
broadcast as rapidly and reliably as possible, in 18
the predominant languages in the affected re-19
gion, to ensure maximum warning time for 20
nearby persons; 21
‘‘(F) expand the earthquake early warning 22
system within and to additional high risk haz-23
ard areas, including making improvements as 24
practicable to improve detection and increase 25
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the time between warning messages and percep-1
tible ground motion; 2
‘‘(G) coordinating with affected State and 3
Tribal governments on earthquake early warn-4
ing system improvements; 5
‘‘(H) issue earthquake forecasts, when ap-6
propriate, for aftershocks associated with sig-7
nificant earthquakes in the United States;’’; 8
(5) in subparagraph (I), as redesignated by 9
paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘the Chair of the Fed-10
eral Communications Commission,’’ after ‘‘Agency,’’; 11
(6) in subparagraph (L), as redesignated by 12
paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting a 13
semicolon; 14
(7) in subparagraph (M), as redesignated by 15
paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 16
inserting a semicolon; and 17
(8) in subparagraph (O), as redesignated by 18
paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘maps of natural haz-19
ards associated with earthquakes and’’. 20
(h) R
ESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONALSCIENCE 21
F
OUNDATION.—Subsection (b)(4)(A) of such section is 22
amended— 23
(1) in clause (iii), by inserting ‘‘including up-24
dated tsunami and liquefaction risk maps,’’; and 25
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(2) in clause (vii), by striking ‘‘Historically 1
Black Colleges and Universities and those serving 2
large proportions of Hispanics, Native Americans, 3
Asian-Pacific Americans, and other underrep-4
resented populations’’ and inserting ‘‘institutions de-5
scribed in section 371(a) of the Higher Education 6
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))’’. 7
SEC. 6. SEISMIC PERFORMANCE PROPERTY STANDARDS. 8
Section 947 of the Cranston-Gonzales National Af-9
fordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 7704a) is amended— 10
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘safety’’ both 11
places it appears and inserting ‘‘performance’’; and 12
(2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘shake-related 13
property damage’’ and inserting ‘‘seismic-related 14
property damage to improve the post-earthquake 15
functional recovery time’’. 16
SEC. 7. SEISMIC STANDARDS. 17
Section 8 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 18
of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705b) is amended— 19
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘under para-20
graph (1)’’ and inserting ‘‘under subsection (a)’’; 21
and 22
(2) by adding at the end the following: 23
‘‘(c) I
MPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS .— 24
Each Program agency, as part of their Program respon-25
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sibilities, shall execute research, projects, grants, and 1
other activities that support, promote, advance, or other-2
wise implement the recommendations in the report sub-3
mitted pursuant to subsection (b) to improve the perform-4
ance of the built environment in terms of post-earthquake 5
reoccupancy and functional recovery time. 6
‘‘(d) B
IENNIALREPORTS.— 7
‘‘(1) B
IENNIAL REPORTS TO INTERAGENCY CO -8
ORDINATING COMMITTEE .—No later than September 9
30, 2025, and not less frequently than once every 2 10
years thereafter, each Program agency shall submit 11
to the Interagency Coordinating Committee a report 12
on activities and progress made to support, promote, 13
or advance the implementation of the recommenda-14
tions included in the report submitted pursuant to 15
subsection (b). 16
‘‘(2) I
NCLUSION IN BIENNIAL REPORTS OF 17
INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COMMITTEE .—The 18
Interagency Coordinating Committee shall include 19
the information received under paragraph (1) in 20
each biennial report submitted under section 5(a)(4), 21
including consideration of a prioritized work plan to 22
coordinate activities among the Program agencies 23
and the necessary Program budget to fully imple-24
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ment the recommendations described in paragraph 1
(1).’’. 2
SEC. 8. IMPROVEMENTS TO POST-EARTHQUAKE INVES-3
TIGATIONS PROGRAM. 4
Section 11 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 5
of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705e) is amended, in the matter be-6
fore paragraph (1)— 7
(1) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘domestic 8
and international’’ after ‘‘investigate major’’; and 9
(2) in the fifth sentence, by inserting ‘‘Federal 10
Emergency Management’’ before ‘‘Agency’’. 11
SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 12
(a) G
ENERALAUTHORIZATION FORPROGRAM.—Sub-13
section (a)(8) of section 12 of the Earthquake Hazards 14
Reduction Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7706) is amended— 15
(1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 16
and inserting a comma; and 17
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol-18
lowing: 19
‘‘(K) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2024, 20
‘‘(L) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2025, 21
‘‘(M) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2026, 22
‘‘(N) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2027, 23
and 24
‘‘(O) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 25
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(b) UNITEDSTATESGEOLOGICALSURVEY.—Sub-1
section (b)(2) of such section is amended— 2
(1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 3
and inserting a semicolon; 4
(2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 5
at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 6
(3) by adding at the end the following: 7
‘‘(K) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, of 8
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 9
available for completion of the Advanced Na-10
tional Seismic System established under section 11
13; 12
‘‘(L) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, of 13
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 14
available for completion of the Advanced Na-15
tional Seismic System established under section 16
13; 17
‘‘(M) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, of 18
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 19
available for completion of the Advanced Na-20
tional Seismic System established under section 21
13; 22
‘‘(N) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, of 23
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 24
available for completion of the Advanced Na-25
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tional Seismic System established under section 1
13; and 2
‘‘(O) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2028, of 3
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 4
available for completion of the Advanced Na-5
tional Seismic System established under section 6
13.’’. 7
(c) N
ATIONALSCIENCEFOUNDATION.—Subsection 8
(c)(2) of such section is amended— 9
(1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 10
and inserting a comma; 11
(2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 12
at the end and inserting a comma; and 13
(3) by adding at the end the following: 14
‘‘(K) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, 15
‘‘(L) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, 16
‘‘(M) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, 17
‘‘(N) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, 18
and 19
‘‘(O) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.’’. 20
(d) N
ATIONALINSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND 21
T
ECHNOLOGY.—Subsection (d)(2) of such section is 22
amended— 23
(1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 24
and inserting a comma; 25
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•S 320 IS
(2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 1
at the end and inserting a comma; and 2
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol-3
lowing: 4
‘‘(K) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, 5
‘‘(L) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, 6
‘‘(M) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, 7
‘‘(N) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, and 8
‘‘(O) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 9
Æ
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