| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 579 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To amend the National Quantum Initiative Act to provide for a research, |
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| 6 | 6 | | development, and demonstration program, and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | FEBRUARY13, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. D |
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| 10 | 10 | | URBIN(for himself, Mr. DAINES, Mr. SCHUMER, Ms. MURKOWSKI, Mr. |
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| 11 | 11 | | Y |
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| 12 | 12 | | OUNG, and Mr. PADILLA) introduced the following bill; which was read |
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| 13 | 13 | | twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources |
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| 14 | 14 | | A BILL |
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| 15 | 15 | | To amend the National Quantum Initiative Act to provide |
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| 16 | 16 | | for a research, development, and demonstration program, |
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| 17 | 17 | | and for other purposes. |
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| 18 | 18 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 19 | 19 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 20 | 20 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 21 | 21 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 4 |
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| 22 | 22 | | Quantum Leadership Act of 2025’’. 5 |
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| 23 | 23 | | SEC. 2. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMATION 6 |
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| 24 | 24 | | SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 7 |
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| 25 | 25 | | Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 8 |
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| 26 | 26 | | (15 U.S.C. 8851) is amended— 9 |
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| 29 | 29 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 30 | 30 | | (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 1 |
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| 31 | 31 | | following: 2 |
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| 32 | 32 | | ‘‘(a) I |
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| 33 | 33 | | NGENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 3 |
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| 34 | 34 | | carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro-4 |
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| 35 | 35 | | gram on quantum information science, engineering, and 5 |
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| 36 | 36 | | technology.’’; 6 |
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| 37 | 37 | | (2) in subsection (b)— 7 |
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| 38 | 38 | | (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, engi-8 |
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| 39 | 39 | | neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 9 |
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| 40 | 40 | | (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, engi-10 |
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| 41 | 41 | | neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 11 |
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| 42 | 42 | | (C) by striking paragraph (3) and insert-12 |
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| 43 | 43 | | ing the following: 13 |
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| 44 | 44 | | ‘‘(3) provide research experiences and training 14 |
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| 45 | 45 | | for additional undergraduate and graduate students 15 |
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| 46 | 46 | | in quantum information science, engineering, and 16 |
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| 47 | 47 | | technology, including in the fields specified in para-17 |
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| 48 | 48 | | graph (4);’’; 18 |
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| 49 | 49 | | (D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) 19 |
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| 50 | 50 | | through (5) as paragraphs (5) through (7), re-20 |
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| 51 | 51 | | spectively; 21 |
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| 52 | 52 | | (E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 22 |
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| 53 | 53 | | following: 23 |
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| 54 | 54 | | ‘‘(3) operate National Quantum Information 24 |
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| 55 | 55 | | Science Research Centers under section 402 to ac-25 |
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| 58 | 58 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 59 | 59 | | celerate and scale scientific and technical break-1 |
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| 60 | 60 | | throughs in quantum information science, engineer-2 |
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| 61 | 61 | | ing, and technology, and maintain state-of-the-art 3 |
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| 62 | 62 | | infrastructure for quantum researchers and industry 4 |
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| 63 | 63 | | partners; 5 |
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| 64 | 64 | | ‘‘(4) conduct cooperative basic and applied re-6 |
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| 65 | 65 | | search with industry, National Laboratories, institu-7 |
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| 66 | 66 | | tions of higher education, and other research institu-8 |
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| 67 | 67 | | tions to facilitate the development, demonstration, 9 |
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| 68 | 68 | | and commercial application of quantum information 10 |
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| 69 | 69 | | science, engineering, and technology priorities, as de-11 |
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| 70 | 70 | | termined by the Secretary of Energy, including in 12 |
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| 71 | 71 | | the fields of— 13 |
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| 72 | 72 | | ‘‘(A) quantum information theory; 14 |
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| 73 | 73 | | ‘‘(B) quantum physics; 15 |
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| 74 | 74 | | ‘‘(C) quantum computational science, in-16 |
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| 75 | 75 | | cluding hardware and software, machine learn-17 |
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| 76 | 76 | | ing, and data science; 18 |
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| 77 | 77 | | ‘‘(D) applied mathematics and algorithm 19 |
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| 78 | 78 | | development; 20 |
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| 79 | 79 | | ‘‘(E) quantum communications and net-21 |
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| 80 | 80 | | working, including hardware and software for 22 |
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| 81 | 81 | | quantum communications and networking; 23 |
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| 82 | 82 | | ‘‘(F) quantum sensing, imaging, and detec-24 |
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| 83 | 83 | | tion; 25 |
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| 87 | 87 | | ‘‘(G) materials science and engineering; 1 |
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| 88 | 88 | | ‘‘(H) quantum modeling and simulation, 2 |
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| 89 | 89 | | including molecular modeling; 3 |
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| 90 | 90 | | ‘‘(I) near- and long-term application devel-4 |
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| 91 | 91 | | opment, as determined by the Secretary of En-5 |
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| 92 | 92 | | ergy; 6 |
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| 93 | 93 | | ‘‘(J) quantum chemistry; 7 |
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| 94 | 94 | | ‘‘(K) quantum biology; 8 |
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| 95 | 95 | | ‘‘(L) superconductive and high-perform-9 |
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| 96 | 96 | | ance microelectronics; and 10 |
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| 97 | 97 | | ‘‘(M) quantum security technologies;’’; 11 |
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| 98 | 98 | | (F) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated), 12 |
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| 99 | 99 | | in subparagraph (F), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 13 |
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| 100 | 100 | | end; 14 |
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| 101 | 101 | | (G) in paragraph (7) (as so redesig-15 |
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| 102 | 102 | | nated)— 16 |
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| 103 | 103 | | (i) by striking ‘‘and’’ before ‘‘poten-17 |
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| 104 | 104 | | tial’’; and 18 |
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| 105 | 105 | | (ii) by striking the period at the end 19 |
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| 106 | 106 | | and inserting ‘‘, and other relevant stake-20 |
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| 107 | 107 | | holders, as determined by the Secretary of 21 |
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| 108 | 108 | | Energy; and’’; and 22 |
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| 109 | 109 | | (H) by adding at the end the following: 23 |
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| 110 | 110 | | ‘‘(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge 24 |
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| 111 | 111 | | and data, including experience and resources from 25 |
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| 114 | 114 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 115 | 115 | | existing Federal research activities and commercially 1 |
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| 116 | 116 | | available quantum computing hardware and soft-2 |
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| 117 | 117 | | ware, to the extent practicable.’’; and 3 |
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| 118 | 118 | | (3) by adding at the end the following: 4 |
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| 119 | 119 | | ‘‘(c) I |
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| 120 | 120 | | NDUSTRYOUTREACH.—In carrying out the pro-5 |
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| 121 | 121 | | gram under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall 6 |
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| 122 | 122 | | engage with the quantum technology industry and pro-7 |
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| 123 | 123 | | mote commercialization of applications of quantum tech-8 |
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| 124 | 124 | | nology relevant to the activities of the Department of En-9 |
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| 125 | 125 | | ergy by— 10 |
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| 126 | 126 | | ‘‘(1) educating— 11 |
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| 127 | 127 | | ‘‘(A) the energy industry on near-term and 12 |
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| 128 | 128 | | commercially available quantum technologies; 13 |
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| 129 | 129 | | and 14 |
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| 130 | 130 | | ‘‘(B) the quantum industry on potential 15 |
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| 131 | 131 | | energy applications; 16 |
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| 132 | 132 | | ‘‘(2) accelerating the advancements of United 17 |
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| 133 | 133 | | States quantum computing, communications, net-18 |
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| 134 | 134 | | working, sensing, and security capabilities to protect 19 |
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| 135 | 135 | | and optimize the energy sector; 20 |
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| 136 | 136 | | ‘‘(3) advancing relevant domestic supply chains, 21 |
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| 137 | 137 | | manufacturing capabilities, and associated simula-22 |
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| 138 | 138 | | tions or modeling capabilities; 23 |
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| 139 | 139 | | ‘‘(4) facilitating commercialization of quantum 24 |
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| 140 | 140 | | technologies from National Laboratories and engag-25 |
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| 143 | 143 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 144 | 144 | | ing with the Quantum Economic Development Con-1 |
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| 145 | 145 | | sortium and other organizations, as applicable, to 2 |
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| 146 | 146 | | transition component technologies that advance the 3 |
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| 147 | 147 | | development of a quantum supply chain; and 4 |
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| 148 | 148 | | ‘‘(5) to the extent practicable, ensuring industry 5 |
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| 149 | 149 | | partner access, especially for small- and medium- 6 |
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| 150 | 150 | | sized businesses, to specialized quantum instrumen-7 |
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| 151 | 151 | | tation, equipment, testbeds, and other infrastructure 8 |
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| 152 | 152 | | to design, prototype, and test novel quantum hard-9 |
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| 153 | 153 | | ware and streamline user access to reduce costs and 10 |
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| 154 | 154 | | other administrative burdens. 11 |
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| 155 | 155 | | ‘‘(d) H |
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| 156 | 156 | | IGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTINGSTRATEGIC 12 |
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| 157 | 157 | | P |
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| 158 | 158 | | LAN.— 13 |
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| 159 | 159 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 160 | 160 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 14 |
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| 161 | 161 | | the date of enactment of this subsection, the Sec-15 |
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| 162 | 162 | | retary of Energy shall submit to Congress a 10-year 16 |
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| 163 | 163 | | strategic plan to guide Federal programs in design-17 |
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| 164 | 164 | | ing, expanding, and procuring hybrid, energy-effi-18 |
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| 165 | 165 | | cient high-performance computing systems capable 19 |
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| 166 | 166 | | of integrating with a diverse set of accelerators, in-20 |
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| 167 | 167 | | cluding quantum, artificial intelligence, and machine 21 |
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| 168 | 168 | | learning accelerators, to enable the computing facili-22 |
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| 169 | 169 | | ties of the Department of Energy to advance na-23 |
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| 170 | 170 | | tional computing resources. 24 |
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| 174 | 174 | | ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The strategic plan under 1 |
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| 175 | 175 | | paragraph (1) shall include the following: 2 |
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| 176 | 176 | | ‘‘(A) A conceptual plan to leverage capa-3 |
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| 177 | 177 | | bilities and infrastructure from the exascale 4 |
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| 178 | 178 | | computing program, as the Secretary of Energy 5 |
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| 179 | 179 | | determines necessary. 6 |
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| 180 | 180 | | ‘‘(B) A plan to minimize disruptions to the 7 |
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| 181 | 181 | | advanced scientific computing workforce. 8 |
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| 182 | 182 | | ‘‘(C) A consideration of a diversity of 9 |
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| 183 | 183 | | quantum computing modalities. 10 |
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| 184 | 184 | | ‘‘(D) A plan to integrate cloud access of 11 |
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| 185 | 185 | | commercially available quantum hardware and 12 |
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| 186 | 186 | | software to complement on-premises high-per-13 |
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| 187 | 187 | | formance computing systems and resources con-14 |
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| 188 | 188 | | sistent with the QUEST program established 15 |
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| 189 | 189 | | under section 404. 16 |
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| 190 | 190 | | ‘‘(e) E |
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| 191 | 191 | | ARLY-STAGEQUANTUMHIGH-PERFORMANCE 17 |
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| 192 | 192 | | C |
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| 193 | 193 | | OMPUTINGRESEARCH ANDDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM.— 18 |
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| 194 | 194 | | ‘‘(1) D |
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| 195 | 195 | | EFINITION OF QUANTUM HIGH -PERFORM-19 |
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| 196 | 196 | | ANCE COMPUTING .—In this subsection, the term 20 |
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| 197 | 197 | | ‘quantum high-performance computing’ means the 21 |
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| 198 | 198 | | use of classical high-performance computing systems 22 |
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| 199 | 199 | | with quantum processing units and hybrid quantum- 23 |
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| 200 | 200 | | classical algorithms to leverage the strength of com-24 |
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| 201 | 201 | | putational architectures and solve complex problems. 25 |
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| 205 | 205 | | ‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—The Secretary of Energy shall 1 |
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| 206 | 206 | | establish an early-stage research and development 2 |
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| 207 | 207 | | program in quantum high-performance computing— 3 |
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| 208 | 208 | | ‘‘(A) to inform the 10-year strategic plan 4 |
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| 209 | 209 | | described in subsection (d)(1); and 5 |
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| 210 | 210 | | ‘‘(B) to build the necessary scientific com-6 |
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| 211 | 211 | | puting workforce to fulfill the objectives of that 7 |
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| 212 | 212 | | plan. 8 |
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| 213 | 213 | | ‘‘(3) A |
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| 214 | 214 | | CTIVITIES.—The program established 9 |
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| 215 | 215 | | under paragraph (2) shall— 10 |
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| 216 | 216 | | ‘‘(A) support early-stage quantum super-11 |
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| 217 | 217 | | computing testbeds and prototypes; and 12 |
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| 218 | 218 | | ‘‘(B) connect early-stage quantum high- 13 |
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| 219 | 219 | | performance computing projects to the Centers 14 |
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| 220 | 220 | | funded under this Act. 15 |
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| 221 | 221 | | ‘‘(4) F |
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| 222 | 222 | | UNDING.—Of funds made available under 16 |
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| 223 | 223 | | subsection (i)(1), the Secretary of Energy shall use 17 |
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| 224 | 224 | | not more than $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 18 |
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| 225 | 225 | | 2026 through 2030 to carry out the activities under 19 |
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| 226 | 226 | | this subsection. 20 |
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| 227 | 227 | | ‘‘(f) S |
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| 228 | 228 | | UPPLYCHAINSTUDY.—Not later than 1 year 21 |
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| 229 | 229 | | after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Sec-22 |
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| 230 | 230 | | retary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of 23 |
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| 231 | 231 | | Commerce, shall conduct a study on quantum science, en-24 |
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| 232 | 232 | | gineering, and technology supply chain needs, including— 25 |
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| 236 | 236 | | ‘‘(1) identifying hurdles to growth in the quan-1 |
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| 237 | 237 | | tum industry by leveraging the expertise of relevant 2 |
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| 238 | 238 | | stakeholders in academia and industry, including the 3 |
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| 239 | 239 | | Quantum Economic Development Consortium; and 4 |
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| 240 | 240 | | ‘‘(2) making recommendations on how to 5 |
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| 241 | 241 | | strengthen the domestic supply of materials and 6 |
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| 242 | 242 | | technologies necessary for the development of a ro-7 |
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| 243 | 243 | | bust manufacturing base and workforce. 8 |
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| 244 | 244 | | ‘‘(g) T |
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| 245 | 245 | | RAINEESHIPPROGRAM.— 9 |
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| 246 | 246 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 247 | 247 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy 10 |
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| 248 | 248 | | shall establish a university-led traineeship pro-11 |
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| 249 | 249 | | gram— 12 |
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| 250 | 250 | | ‘‘(A) to address workforce development 13 |
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| 251 | 251 | | needs in quantum information science, engi-14 |
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| 252 | 252 | | neering, and technology; and 15 |
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| 253 | 253 | | ‘‘(B) that will focus on supporting in-16 |
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| 254 | 254 | | creased participation, workforce development, 17 |
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| 255 | 255 | | and research experiences for underrepresented 18 |
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| 256 | 256 | | undergraduate and graduate students. 19 |
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| 257 | 257 | | ‘‘(2) F |
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| 258 | 258 | | UNDING.—Of funds made available under 20 |
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| 259 | 259 | | subsection (i)(1), the Secretary of Energy shall use 21 |
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| 260 | 260 | | not more than $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 22 |
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| 261 | 261 | | 2026 through 2030 to carry out the activities under 23 |
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| 262 | 262 | | this subsection. 24 |
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| 266 | 266 | | ‘‘(h) COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES.—In carrying 1 |
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| 267 | 267 | | out this section, the Secretary of Energy shall, to the max-2 |
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| 268 | 268 | | imum extent practicable, coordinate with the Director of 3 |
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| 269 | 269 | | the National Science Foundation, the Director of the Na-4 |
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| 270 | 270 | | tional Institute of Standards and Technology, the Admin-5 |
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| 271 | 271 | | istrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-6 |
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| 272 | 272 | | tration, the Director of the Defense Advanced Research 7 |
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| 273 | 273 | | Projects Agency, and the heads of other relevant Federal 8 |
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| 274 | 274 | | departments and agencies to ensure that programs and 9 |
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| 275 | 275 | | activities carried out under this section complement and 10 |
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| 276 | 276 | | do not duplicate existing efforts across the Federal govern-11 |
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| 277 | 277 | | ment. 12 |
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| 278 | 278 | | ‘‘(i) F |
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| 279 | 279 | | UNDING.— 13 |
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| 280 | 280 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 281 | 281 | | N GENERAL.—Of amounts authorized to 14 |
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| 282 | 282 | | be appropriated for the Department of Energy, the 15 |
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| 283 | 283 | | Secretary of Energy shall use not more than 16 |
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| 284 | 284 | | $175,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 17 |
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| 285 | 285 | | 2030 to carry out activities under this section. 18 |
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| 286 | 286 | | ‘‘(2) R |
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| 287 | 287 | | ESTRICTIONS.— 19 |
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| 288 | 288 | | ‘‘(A) C |
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| 289 | 289 | | ONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 20 |
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| 290 | 290 | | funds made available under this subsection may 21 |
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| 291 | 291 | | be obligated to or expended by an institution of 22 |
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| 292 | 292 | | higher education that maintains a contract or 23 |
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| 293 | 293 | | other agreement with a Confucius Institute or 24 |
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| 294 | 294 | | any successor of a Confucius Institute. 25 |
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| 297 | 297 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 298 | 298 | | ‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND ENTITIES 1 |
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| 299 | 299 | | OF CONCERN.— 2 |
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| 300 | 300 | | ‘‘(i) D |
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| 301 | 301 | | EFINITIONS.—In this subpara-3 |
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| 302 | 302 | | graph: 4 |
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| 303 | 303 | | ‘‘(I) F |
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| 304 | 304 | | OREIGN COUNTRY OF CON -5 |
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| 305 | 305 | | CERN.—The term ‘foreign country of 6 |
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| 306 | 306 | | concern’ means— 7 |
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| 307 | 307 | | ‘‘(aa) a covered nation (as 8 |
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| 308 | 308 | | defined in section 4872(d) of title 9 |
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| 309 | 309 | | 10, United States Code); and 10 |
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| 310 | 310 | | ‘‘(bb) any other country that 11 |
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| 311 | 311 | | the Secretary of Energy, in con-12 |
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| 312 | 312 | | sultation with the Secretary of 13 |
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| 313 | 313 | | Defense, the Secretary of State, 14 |
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| 314 | 314 | | and the Director of National In-15 |
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| 315 | 315 | | telligence, determines to be en-16 |
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| 316 | 316 | | gaged in conduct that is detri-17 |
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| 317 | 317 | | mental to the national security or 18 |
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| 318 | 318 | | foreign policy of the United 19 |
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| 319 | 319 | | States. 20 |
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| 320 | 320 | | ‘‘(II) F |
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| 321 | 321 | | OREIGN ENTITY OF CON -21 |
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| 322 | 322 | | CERN.—The term ‘foreign entity of 22 |
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| 323 | 323 | | concern’ means a foreign entity 23 |
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| 324 | 324 | | that— 24 |
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| 328 | 328 | | ‘‘(aa) is designated as a for-1 |
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| 329 | 329 | | eign terrorist organization by the 2 |
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| 330 | 330 | | Secretary of State under section 3 |
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| 331 | 331 | | 219(a) of the Immigration and 4 |
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| 332 | 332 | | Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 5 |
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| 333 | 333 | | 1189(a)); 6 |
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| 334 | 334 | | ‘‘(bb) is included on the list 7 |
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| 335 | 335 | | of specially designated nationals 8 |
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| 336 | 336 | | and blocked persons maintained 9 |
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| 337 | 337 | | by the Office of Foreign Assets 10 |
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| 338 | 338 | | Control of the Department of the 11 |
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| 339 | 339 | | Treasury; 12 |
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| 340 | 340 | | ‘‘(cc) is owned by, controlled 13 |
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| 341 | 341 | | by, or subject to the jurisdiction 14 |
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| 342 | 342 | | or direction of a government of a 15 |
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| 343 | 343 | | foreign country that is a covered 16 |
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| 344 | 344 | | nation (as defined in section 17 |
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| 345 | 345 | | 4872(d) of title 10, United 18 |
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| 346 | 346 | | States Code); 19 |
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| 347 | 347 | | ‘‘(dd) is alleged by the At-20 |
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| 348 | 348 | | torney General to have been in-21 |
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| 349 | 349 | | volved in activities for which a 22 |
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| 350 | 350 | | conviction was obtained under— 23 |
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| 351 | 351 | | ‘‘(AA) chapter 37 of 24 |
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| 352 | 352 | | title 18, United States Code 25 |
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| 355 | 355 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 356 | 356 | | (commonly known as the 1 |
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| 357 | 357 | | ‘Espionage Act’); 2 |
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| 358 | 358 | | ‘‘(BB) section 951 or 3 |
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| 359 | 359 | | 1030 of title 18, United 4 |
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| 360 | 360 | | States Code; 5 |
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| 361 | 361 | | ‘‘(CC) chapter 90 of 6 |
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| 362 | 362 | | title 18, United States Code 7 |
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| 363 | 363 | | (commonly known as the 8 |
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| 364 | 364 | | ‘Economic Espionage Act of 9 |
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| 365 | 365 | | 1996’); 10 |
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| 366 | 366 | | ‘‘(DD) the Arms Ex-11 |
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| 367 | 367 | | port Control Act (22 U.S.C. 12 |
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| 368 | 368 | | 2751 et seq.); 13 |
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| 369 | 369 | | ‘‘(EE) section 224, 14 |
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| 370 | 370 | | 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the 15 |
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| 371 | 371 | | Atomic Energy Act of 1954 16 |
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| 372 | 372 | | (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 17 |
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| 373 | 373 | | 2276, 2277, 2284); 18 |
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| 374 | 374 | | ‘‘(FF) the Export Con-19 |
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| 375 | 375 | | trol Reform Act of 2018 (50 20 |
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| 376 | 376 | | U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 21 |
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| 377 | 377 | | ‘‘(GG) the International 22 |
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| 378 | 378 | | Emergency Economic Pow-23 |
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| 379 | 379 | | ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 24 |
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| 380 | 380 | | seq.); or 25 |
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| 383 | 383 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 384 | 384 | | ‘‘(ee) is determined by the 1 |
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| 385 | 385 | | Secretary of Energy, in consulta-2 |
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| 386 | 386 | | tion with the Secretary of De-3 |
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| 387 | 387 | | fense and the Director of Na-4 |
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| 388 | 388 | | tional Intelligence, to be engaged 5 |
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| 389 | 389 | | in unauthorized conduct that is 6 |
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| 390 | 390 | | detrimental to the national secu-7 |
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| 391 | 391 | | rity or foreign policy of the 8 |
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| 392 | 392 | | United States. 9 |
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| 393 | 393 | | ‘‘(ii) R |
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| 394 | 394 | | ESTRICTION.—None of the 10 |
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| 395 | 395 | | funds made available under this subsection 11 |
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| 396 | 396 | | may be obligated or expended to promote, 12 |
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| 397 | 397 | | establish, or finance quantum research ac-13 |
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| 398 | 398 | | tivities between a United States entity and 14 |
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| 399 | 399 | | a foreign country of concern or a foreign 15 |
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| 400 | 400 | | entity of concern.’’. 16 |
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| 401 | 401 | | SEC. 3. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 17 |
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| 402 | 402 | | PROGRAM. 18 |
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| 403 | 403 | | The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 19 |
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| 404 | 404 | | inserting after section 401 (15 U.S.C. 8851) the following: 20 |
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| 405 | 405 | | ‘‘SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRU-21 |
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| 406 | 406 | | MENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM. 22 |
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| 407 | 407 | | ‘‘(a) I |
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| 408 | 408 | | NGENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 23 |
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| 409 | 409 | | establish an instrumentation and infrastructure program 24 |
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| 410 | 410 | | to carry out the following: 25 |
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| 413 | 413 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 414 | 414 | | ‘‘(1) Maintain United States leadership in 1 |
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| 415 | 415 | | quantum information science, engineering, and tech-2 |
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| 416 | 416 | | nology. 3 |
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| 417 | 417 | | ‘‘(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains. 4 |
|---|
| 418 | 418 | | ‘‘(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 5 |
|---|
| 419 | 419 | | community. 6 |
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| 420 | 420 | | ‘‘(4) Support activities carried out under sec-7 |
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| 421 | 421 | | tions 401, 402, 403, and 404. 8 |
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| 422 | 422 | | ‘‘(b) P |
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| 423 | 423 | | ROGRAMCOMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 9 |
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| 424 | 424 | | program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy 10 |
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| 425 | 425 | | shall— 11 |
|---|
| 426 | 426 | | ‘‘(1) develop, design, build, purchase, and com-12 |
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| 427 | 427 | | mercialize specialized equipment, laboratory infra-13 |
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| 428 | 428 | | structure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation to 14 |
|---|
| 429 | 429 | | advance quantum engineering research and the de-15 |
|---|
| 430 | 430 | | velopment of quantum component technologies at a 16 |
|---|
| 431 | 431 | | scale sufficient to meet the needs of the scientific 17 |
|---|
| 432 | 432 | | community and enable commercialization of quan-18 |
|---|
| 433 | 433 | | tum technology; 19 |
|---|
| 434 | 434 | | ‘‘(2) leverage the capabilities of National Lab-20 |
|---|
| 435 | 435 | | oratories and Nanoscale Science Research Centers, 21 |
|---|
| 436 | 436 | | including facilities and experts that research and de-22 |
|---|
| 437 | 437 | | velop novel quantum materials and devices; and 23 |
|---|
| 438 | 438 | | ‘‘(3) consider the technologies and end-use ap-24 |
|---|
| 439 | 439 | | plications that have significant economic potential, 25 |
|---|
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| 442 | 442 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 443 | 443 | | as determined by the Secretary, based on consulta-1 |
|---|
| 444 | 444 | | tion with relevant stakeholders in academia and in-2 |
|---|
| 445 | 445 | | dustry, including the Quantum Economic Develop-3 |
|---|
| 446 | 446 | | ment Consortium. 4 |
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| 447 | 447 | | ‘‘(c) Q |
|---|
| 448 | 448 | | UANTUMFOUNDRIES.—In carrying out the 5 |
|---|
| 449 | 449 | | program under subsection (a), and in coordination with 6 |
|---|
| 450 | 450 | | institutions of higher education and industry, the Sec-7 |
|---|
| 451 | 451 | | retary of Energy shall support the development of quan-8 |
|---|
| 452 | 452 | | tum foundries focused on meeting the device, hardware, 9 |
|---|
| 453 | 453 | | software, and materials needs of the scientific community 10 |
|---|
| 454 | 454 | | and the quantum supply chain. 11 |
|---|
| 455 | 455 | | ‘‘(d) C |
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| 456 | 456 | | ONSULTATION.—In carrying out the program 12 |
|---|
| 457 | 457 | | under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall consult 13 |
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| 458 | 458 | | with the following entities to identify the instrumentation, 14 |
|---|
| 459 | 459 | | equipment, infrastructure, and materials needed to sup-15 |
|---|
| 460 | 460 | | port the objectives of that program: 16 |
|---|
| 461 | 461 | | ‘‘(1) The National Institute of Standards and 17 |
|---|
| 462 | 462 | | Technology. 18 |
|---|
| 463 | 463 | | ‘‘(2) The National Science Foundation. 19 |
|---|
| 464 | 464 | | ‘‘(3) The National Aeronautics and Space Ad-20 |
|---|
| 465 | 465 | | ministration. 21 |
|---|
| 466 | 466 | | ‘‘(4) Any other relevant Federal agency. 22 |
|---|
| 467 | 467 | | ‘‘(5) The National Laboratories. 23 |
|---|
| 468 | 468 | | ‘‘(6) National Quantum Information Science 24 |
|---|
| 469 | 469 | | Research Centers. 25 |
|---|
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| 472 | 472 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 473 | 473 | | ‘‘(7) Industry stakeholders. 1 |
|---|
| 474 | 474 | | ‘‘(8) Institutions of higher education. 2 |
|---|
| 475 | 475 | | ‘‘(9) Any other research institution. 3 |
|---|
| 476 | 476 | | ‘‘(e) F |
|---|
| 477 | 477 | | UNDING.—Of amounts authorized to be appro-4 |
|---|
| 478 | 478 | | priated for the Department of Energy, the Secretary of 5 |
|---|
| 479 | 479 | | Energy shall use not more than $50,000,000 for each of 6 |
|---|
| 480 | 480 | | fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this section.’’. 7 |
|---|
| 481 | 481 | | SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RE-8 |
|---|
| 482 | 482 | | SEARCH CENTERS. 9 |
|---|
| 483 | 483 | | Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 10 |
|---|
| 484 | 484 | | (15 U.S.C. 8852) is amended— 11 |
|---|
| 485 | 485 | | (1) in subsection (a)— 12 |
|---|
| 486 | 486 | | (A) in paragraph (1)— 13 |
|---|
| 487 | 487 | | (i) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 14 |
|---|
| 488 | 488 | | (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-15 |
|---|
| 489 | 489 | | nology and to support research conducted 16 |
|---|
| 490 | 490 | | under section 401’’ and inserting ‘‘science, 17 |
|---|
| 491 | 491 | | engineering, and technology, expand capac-18 |
|---|
| 492 | 492 | | ity for the domestic quantum workforce, 19 |
|---|
| 493 | 493 | | and support research conducted under sec-20 |
|---|
| 494 | 494 | | tions 401, 403, and 404’’; and 21 |
|---|
| 495 | 495 | | (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting 22 |
|---|
| 496 | 496 | | ‘‘that may include 1 or more commercial enti-23 |
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| 497 | 497 | | ties’’ after ‘‘collaborations’’; 24 |
|---|
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| 500 | 500 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 501 | 501 | | (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘and should 1 |
|---|
| 502 | 502 | | be inclusive of the variety of viable quantum tech-2 |
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| 503 | 503 | | nologies, as appropriate’’ before the period at the 3 |
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| 504 | 504 | | end; 4 |
|---|
| 505 | 505 | | (3) in subsection (c)— 5 |
|---|
| 506 | 506 | | (A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 6 |
|---|
| 507 | 507 | | (B) by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech-7 |
|---|
| 508 | 508 | | nology, accelerating quantum workforce devel-8 |
|---|
| 509 | 509 | | opment,’’ after ‘‘science’’; 9 |
|---|
| 510 | 510 | | (4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) 10 |
|---|
| 511 | 511 | | and inserting the following: 11 |
|---|
| 512 | 512 | | ‘‘(2) R |
|---|
| 513 | 513 | | ENEWAL.—Each Center established 12 |
|---|
| 514 | 514 | | under this section may be renewed for an additional 13 |
|---|
| 515 | 515 | | period of 5 years following a successful, merit-based 14 |
|---|
| 516 | 516 | | review and approval by the Director.’’; and 15 |
|---|
| 517 | 517 | | (5) in subsection (f), in the first sentence— 16 |
|---|
| 518 | 518 | | (A) by striking ‘‘$25,000,000’’ and insert-17 |
|---|
| 519 | 519 | | ing ‘‘$35,000,000’’; and 18 |
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| 520 | 520 | | (B) by striking ‘‘2019 through 2023’’ and 19 |
|---|
| 521 | 521 | | inserting ‘‘2026 through 2030’’. 20 |
|---|
| 522 | 522 | | SEC. 5. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN-21 |
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| 523 | 523 | | FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-22 |
|---|
| 524 | 524 | | MENT PROGRAM. 23 |
|---|
| 525 | 525 | | Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 24 |
|---|
| 526 | 526 | | (15 U.S.C. 8853) is amended— 25 |
|---|
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| 529 | 529 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 530 | 530 | | (1) in subsection (a)— 1 |
|---|
| 531 | 531 | | (A) in paragraph (4)— 2 |
|---|
| 532 | 532 | | (i) by inserting ‘‘, including’’ after 3 |
|---|
| 533 | 533 | | ‘‘networking’’; and 4 |
|---|
| 534 | 534 | | (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 5 |
|---|
| 535 | 535 | | (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe-6 |
|---|
| 536 | 536 | | riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 7 |
|---|
| 537 | 537 | | (C) by adding at the end the following: 8 |
|---|
| 538 | 538 | | ‘‘(6) as applicable, leverage a diversity of mo-9 |
|---|
| 539 | 539 | | dalities and commercially available quantum hard-10 |
|---|
| 540 | 540 | | ware and software; and 11 |
|---|
| 541 | 541 | | ‘‘(7) develop education and training pathways 12 |
|---|
| 542 | 542 | | related to quantum network infrastructure invest-13 |
|---|
| 543 | 543 | | ments, aligned with existing programmatic invest-14 |
|---|
| 544 | 544 | | ments by the Department of Energy.’’; 15 |
|---|
| 545 | 545 | | (2) in subsection (b)— 16 |
|---|
| 546 | 546 | | (A) in paragraph (1)— 17 |
|---|
| 547 | 547 | | (i) by redesignating subparagraphs 18 |
|---|
| 548 | 548 | | (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and 19 |
|---|
| 549 | 549 | | (E), respectively; and 20 |
|---|
| 550 | 550 | | (ii) by inserting after subparagraph 21 |
|---|
| 551 | 551 | | (B) the following: 22 |
|---|
| 552 | 552 | | ‘‘(C) the Administrator of the National 23 |
|---|
| 553 | 553 | | Aeronautics and Space Administration and the 24 |
|---|
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| 556 | 556 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 557 | 557 | | head of any other relevant Federal agency, as 1 |
|---|
| 558 | 558 | | determined by the Secretary;’’; 2 |
|---|
| 559 | 559 | | (B) in paragraph (2)— 3 |
|---|
| 560 | 560 | | (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 4 |
|---|
| 561 | 561 | | ‘‘ground-to-space and’’ before ‘‘space-to- 5 |
|---|
| 562 | 562 | | ground’’; 6 |
|---|
| 563 | 563 | | (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 7 |
|---|
| 564 | 564 | | ‘‘photon-based’’ and inserting ‘‘all applica-8 |
|---|
| 565 | 565 | | ble modalities of’’; 9 |
|---|
| 566 | 566 | | (iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting 10 |
|---|
| 567 | 567 | | ‘‘, quantum sensors,’’ after ‘‘quantum re-11 |
|---|
| 568 | 568 | | peaters’’; 12 |
|---|
| 569 | 569 | | (iv) in subparagraph (G)— 13 |
|---|
| 570 | 570 | | (I) by inserting ‘‘data centers,’’ 14 |
|---|
| 571 | 571 | | after ‘‘repeaters,’’; and 15 |
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| 572 | 572 | | (II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 16 |
|---|
| 573 | 573 | | (v) in subparagraph (H)— 17 |
|---|
| 574 | 574 | | (I) by striking ‘‘the quantum 18 |
|---|
| 575 | 575 | | technology stack’’ and inserting 19 |
|---|
| 576 | 576 | | ‘‘quantum technology modality 20 |
|---|
| 577 | 577 | | stacks’’; and 21 |
|---|
| 578 | 578 | | (II) by striking ‘‘National Lab-22 |
|---|
| 579 | 579 | | oratories in’’ and inserting ‘‘National 23 |
|---|
| 580 | 580 | | Laboratories such as’’; and 24 |
|---|
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| 583 | 583 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 584 | 584 | | (vi) by adding at the end the fol-1 |
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| 585 | 585 | | lowing: 2 |
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| 586 | 586 | | ‘‘(I) development of quantum network and 3 |
|---|
| 587 | 587 | | entanglement distribution protocols or applica-4 |
|---|
| 588 | 588 | | tions, including development of network stack 5 |
|---|
| 589 | 589 | | protocols and protocols enabling integration 6 |
|---|
| 590 | 590 | | with existing technologies or infrastructure; and 7 |
|---|
| 591 | 591 | | ‘‘(J) development of high-efficiency room- 8 |
|---|
| 592 | 592 | | temperature photon detectors for quantum 9 |
|---|
| 593 | 593 | | photonic applications, including quantum net-10 |
|---|
| 594 | 594 | | working and communications;’’; 11 |
|---|
| 595 | 595 | | (C) in paragraph (4)— 12 |
|---|
| 596 | 596 | | (i) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 13 |
|---|
| 597 | 597 | | (ii) by striking ‘‘material’’ and insert-14 |
|---|
| 598 | 598 | | ing ‘‘materials’’; and 15 |
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| 599 | 599 | | (D) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘funda-16 |
|---|
| 600 | 600 | | mental’’; and 17 |
|---|
| 601 | 601 | | (3) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘basic re-18 |
|---|
| 602 | 602 | | search’’ and inserting ‘‘research, development, and 19 |
|---|
| 603 | 603 | | demonstration’’. 20 |
|---|
| 604 | 604 | | SEC. 6. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPAN-21 |
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| 605 | 605 | | SION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRO-22 |
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| 606 | 606 | | GRAM. 23 |
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| 607 | 607 | | Section 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 24 |
|---|
| 608 | 608 | | (15 U.S.C. 8854) is amended— 25 |
|---|
| 609 | 609 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:28 Mar 11, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S579.IS S579 |
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| 611 | 611 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 612 | 612 | | (1) in subsection (a)— 1 |
|---|
| 613 | 613 | | (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 2 |
|---|
| 614 | 614 | | by striking ‘‘and quantum computing clouds’’ 3 |
|---|
| 615 | 615 | | and inserting ‘‘, software, and cloud-based 4 |
|---|
| 616 | 616 | | quantum computing’’; 5 |
|---|
| 617 | 617 | | (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 6 |
|---|
| 618 | 618 | | the end; 7 |
|---|
| 619 | 619 | | (C) in paragraph (4), by striking the pe-8 |
|---|
| 620 | 620 | | riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 9 |
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| 621 | 621 | | (D) by adding at the end the following: 10 |
|---|
| 622 | 622 | | ‘‘(5) to enable development of software and ap-11 |
|---|
| 623 | 623 | | plications, including estimation of resources needed 12 |
|---|
| 624 | 624 | | to scale applications; and 13 |
|---|
| 625 | 625 | | ‘‘(6) to develop near-term quantum applications 14 |
|---|
| 626 | 626 | | to solve public and private sector problems.’’; 15 |
|---|
| 627 | 627 | | (2) in subsection (b)— 16 |
|---|
| 628 | 628 | | (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 17 |
|---|
| 629 | 629 | | the end; 18 |
|---|
| 630 | 630 | | (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe-19 |
|---|
| 631 | 631 | | riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 20 |
|---|
| 632 | 632 | | (C) by adding at the end the following: 21 |
|---|
| 633 | 633 | | ‘‘(6) enable users to develop algorithms, soft-22 |
|---|
| 634 | 634 | | ware tools, simulators, and applications for quantum 23 |
|---|
| 635 | 635 | | systems using cloud-based quantum computers; and 24 |
|---|
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| 638 | 638 | | •S 579 IS |
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| 639 | 639 | | ‘‘(7) partner with appropriate public- and pri-1 |
|---|
| 640 | 640 | | vate-sector entities to develop training and education 2 |
|---|
| 641 | 641 | | opportunities on prototype and early-stage devices to 3 |
|---|
| 642 | 642 | | support commercial applications.’’; 4 |
|---|
| 643 | 643 | | (3) in subsection (c)— 5 |
|---|
| 644 | 644 | | (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) 6 |
|---|
| 645 | 645 | | through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (9), re-7 |
|---|
| 646 | 646 | | spectively; and 8 |
|---|
| 647 | 647 | | (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 9 |
|---|
| 648 | 648 | | following: 10 |
|---|
| 649 | 649 | | ‘‘(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-11 |
|---|
| 650 | 650 | | ministration;’’; and 12 |
|---|
| 651 | 651 | | (4) in subsection (e)— 13 |
|---|
| 652 | 652 | | (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 14 |
|---|
| 653 | 653 | | the end; 15 |
|---|
| 654 | 654 | | (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe-16 |
|---|
| 655 | 655 | | riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 17 |
|---|
| 656 | 656 | | (C) by adding at the end the following: 18 |
|---|
| 657 | 657 | | ‘‘(6) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; 19 |
|---|
| 658 | 658 | | ‘‘(7) $39,900,000 for fiscal year 2029; and 20 |
|---|
| 659 | 659 | | ‘‘(8) $41,895,000 for fiscal year 2030.’’. 21 |
|---|
| 660 | 660 | | Æ |
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