Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SR126 Compare Versions

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Old	New	Differences
1	1	III
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. RES. 126
5	5	Calling on the United Nations Security Council to enforce the existing arms
6	6	embargo on Darfur and extend it to cover all of Sudan.
7	7	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
8	8	MARCH12, 2025
9	9	Mr. B
10	10	OOKER(for himself and Mr. ROUNDS) submitted the following
11	11	resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
12	12	RESOLUTION
13	13	Calling on the United Nations Security Council to enforce
14	14	the existing arms embargo on Darfur and extend it to
15	15	cover all of Sudan.
16	16	Whereas the conflict between the Rapid Support Forces
17	17	(RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), and
18	18	the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by Abdel Fattah
19	19	al-Burhan, that began on April 15, 2023, has resulted in
20	20	tens of thousands of Sudanese civilian casualties, and
21	21	likely more, 12,500,000 million people forcibly displaced,
22	22	and millions of Sudanese people exposed to unspeakable
23	23	trauma;
24	24	Whereas the violence and genocide taking place in Sudan
25	25	against civilians echoes the horrors of the genocide in the
26	26	country’s Darfur region that began in the early 2000s;
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29	29	•SRES 126 IS
30	30	Whereas, in July 2004, the United Nations Security Council
31	31	adopted resolution United Nations Security Council Reso-
32	32	lution 1556 (2004), which imposed an arms embargo
33	33	against all non-governmental entities and individuals, in-
34	34	cluding the Janjaweed, operating in Darfur, and man-
35	35	dated that all states shall take the necessary measures to
36	36	prevent their nationals or entities operating from their
37	37	respective territories or using their flag vessels or air-
38	38	craft, from supplying non-governmental entities or indi-
39	39	viduals operating in Darfur arms and related materiel of
40	40	all types, including weapons and ammunition, military ve-
41	41	hicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare
42	42	parts;
43	43	Whereas, in March 2005, the United Nations Security Coun-
44	44	cil arms embargo under United Nations Security Council
45	45	Resolution 1591 (2005) was expanded to include all bel-
46	46	ligerents in Darfur, including the Government of Sudan;
47	47	Whereas, in October 2010, United Nations Security Council
48	48	Resolution 1945 (2010) was adopted, which strengthened
49	49	the arms embargo by deciding that all states shall ensure
50	50	that any sale or supply of arms and related materiel to
51	51	Sudan not prohibited by United Nations Security Council
52	52	Resolutions 1556 (2004) and 1591 (2005) are made con-
53	53	ditional upon the necessary end user documentation so
54	54	that states may ascertain that any such sale or supply is
55	55	conducted consistent with the measures imposed by those
56	56	resolutions;
57	57	Whereas, on September 11, 2024, the United Nations Secu-
58	58	rity Council renewed United Nations Security Council
59	59	Resolution 1556 (2004);
60	60	Whereas state actors and non-state actors across the Middle
61	61	East, Africa, Asia, and Europe are providing weapons
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64	64	•SRES 126 IS
65	65	and material support to the RSF and SAF for operations
66	66	in Darfur and across Sudan;
67	67	Whereas a September 9, 2024, report from Human Rights
68	68	Watch noted that according to the Arms Trade Database,
69	69	maintained by the Stockholm International Peace Re-
70	70	search Institute (SIPRI), weapons and equipment from
71	71	other countries have arrived in Sudan between 2004 and
72	72	2023;
73	73	Whereas, on January 15, 2024, the United Nations Panel of
74	74	Experts on Sudan presented credible reports to the
75	75	United Nations Security Council of newly established
76	76	supply lines to the RSF through neighboring countries;
77	77	Whereas there are credible reports that multiple countries are
78	78	supplying weapons and other dual-use items to the SAF;
79	79	Whereas a 2024 report by the Department of State-affiliated
80	80	Conflict Observatory describes regular cargo plane deliv-
81	81	eries of weapons from foreign nations to the RSF in
82	82	Darfur via Amdjarass, Chad, and to the SAF via Port
83	83	Sudan, Sudan;
84	84	Whereas two 2024 reports by Amnesty International and
85	85	Human Rights Watch identified defense articles in
86	86	Sudan, including 8 kinds of small arms manufactured in
87	87	6 different foreign countries, 6 kinds of unmanned aerial
88	88	vehicles (UAV) manufactured in 8 different foreign coun-
89	89	tries, 5 kinds of ordnances and projectiles manufactured
90	90	in 6 different foreign countries, and several other types
91	91	of materiel related to weapons manufactured in 7 dif-
92	92	ferent foreign countries, which increase the lethality of
93	93	the conflict;
94	94	Whereas these weapons have been observed both inside and
95	95	outside Darfur, including Gedaref, Northern and South-
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98	98	•SRES 126 IS
99	99	ern Kordofan, Khartoum, and El Gezira state, all areas
100	100	that are under either SAF or RSF control and where the
101	101	fact-finding mission documented atrocities, child recruit-
102	102	ment, heavy shelling, or sexual violence;
103	103	Whereas a January 16, 2025, Yale Humanitarian Lab report
104	104	observed the proliferation of cargo flights to RSF-con-
105	105	trolled airports, followed by extensive satellite sightings of
106	106	advanced UAV systems used for lethal attacks and sur-
107	107	veillance;
108	108	Whereas the conflict has led to the partial or complete de-
109	109	struction of cities across Sudan, including El Geneina, El
110	110	Fasher, El Obeid, Kadugli, Nyala, Wad al-Noura,
111	111	Zalingei, and even the capital Khartoum;
112	112	Whereas one or both parties to the conflict have participated
113	113	in mass atrocities in all of these cities;
114	114	Whereas, on February 12, 2025, the RSF attacked the camp
115	115	for internally displaced persons in Zamzam, Darfur,
116	116	dropping aerial munitions, firing upon crowds, killing hu-
117	117	manitarian workers, setting fires, committing atrocities
118	118	against camp residents, and driving some to flee on foot;
119	119	Whereas the provision of armaments to the RSF and SAF
120	120	prolongs this conflict and the needless suffering among
121	121	civilians in Sudan;
122	122	Whereas both the RSF and SAF have continued to use inter-
123	123	net shutdowns as a tool of control and repression, further
124	124	isolating and exacerbating the suffering of civilians and
125	125	the ongoing humanitarian crisis;
126	126	Whereas, on December 6, 2023, Secretary of State Anthony
127	127	Blinken determined that the SAF and the RSF have
128	128	committed war crimes and that the RSF and its allies
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131	131	•SRES 126 IS
132	132	have committed crimes against humanity and ethnic
133	133	cleansing;
134	134	Whereas, on January 7, 2025, the Secretary of State deter-
135	135	mined that the RSF is committing genocide;
136	136	Whereas, in January 2025, the Department of Treasury
137	137	sanctioned Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti) and
138	138	Abdel Fattah al-Burhan for ‘‘destabilizing Sudan and un-
139	139	dermining the goal of a democratic transition’’;
140	140	Whereas, in September 2024, the Independent International
141	141	Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan, authorized by the
142	142	United Nations Human Rights Council, reported that it
143	143	had found reasonable grounds to believe that both the
144	144	SAF and the RSF have committed war crimes and the
145	145	RSF and allied militias have committed crimes against
146	146	humanity;
147	147	Whereas the fact-finding mission has documented the use of
148	148	explosives with wide area effects in densely populated
149	149	areas, particularly in Khartoum and Darfur, that has re-
150	150	sulted in deaths, injuries, extensive destruction of homes,
151	151	hospitals, schools and other critical infrastructure, and
152	152	the fact-finding mission has found that the SAF and the
153	153	RSF have failed to take sufficient measures to minimize
154	154	the impact of attacks on civilians;
155	155	Whereas the supply and provision of weapons to parties in-
156	156	volved in crimes against humanity and other atrocities
157	157	could implicate state and non-state actors supplying
158	158	weapons used in such atrocities;
159	159	Whereas, while no reliable fatality figures exist, according to
160	160	the United States Special Envoy for Sudan, as many as
161	161	150,000 people may have died in the first year of the
162	162	war, and according to advanced statistical estimates from
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165	165	•SRES 126 IS
166	166	researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Trop-
167	167	ical Medicine, at least 60,000 people have died in Khar-
168	168	toum state alone;
169	169	Whereas, a Cholera outbreak declared in August 2024 has
170	170	garnered more than 550,000 cases and over 1,500 deaths
171	171	across multiple states in Sudan;
172	172	Whereas women and children have been subjected to torture
173	173	and extreme sexual violence in Darfur, Northern and
174	174	Southern Kordofan, Khartoum, and El Gezira states;
175	175	Whereas, in March 2025, UNICEF reports indicated more
176	176	than 220 cases of child rape since the start of 2024;
177	177	Whereas the fact-finding mission reports that children are
178	178	being forcibly recruited, trained, and armed by the SAF
179	179	in Khartoum, River Nile, Kassala, Gedaref, Sennar, and
180	180	Red Sea states, and by the RSF in the Darfur,
181	181	Kordofan, and Khartoum states;
182	182	Whereas the draft resolution contained in document S/2024/
183	183	826, submitted to the United Nations Security Council
184	184	on November 18, 2024, by Sierra Leone and the United
185	185	Kingdom, and calling for a nationwide ceasefire, in-
186	186	creased protection of civilians and the unhindered flow of
187	187	humanitarian aid across Sudan and garnered support
188	188	from 14 out of 15 United Nations Security Council mem-
189	189	bers;
190	190	Whereas only one individual has ever been sanctioned for vio-
191	191	lating the Darfur arms embargo pursuant to United Na-
192	192	tions Security Council Resolution 1591 (2005); and
193	193	Whereas the fact-finding mission has recommended that the
194	194	United Nations arms embargo be expanded to cover the
195	195	entire country: Now, therefore, be it
196	196	Resolved, That the Senate— 1
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199	199	•SRES 126 IS
200	200	(1) condemns the atrocities committed by all 1
201	201	warring parties in Sudan; 2
202	202	(2) condemns the genocide by the RSF and al-3
203	203	lied militias against the Masalit people and other 4
204	204	non-Arab ethnic groups in Darfur; 5
205	205	(3) calls for an immediate end to the war and 6
206	206	all violence and atrocities in Sudan; 7
207	207	(4) calls on the United Nations Security Coun-8
208	208	cil— 9
209	209	(A) to expand the Darfur arms embargo to 10
210	210	apply to all territory and actors within the 11
211	211	internationally recognized borders of Sudan; 12
212	212	(B) to expand the Darfur arms embargo to 13
213	213	include dual-use equipment under the list of 14
214	214	prohibited material; 15
215	215	(C) to establish a more stringent sanctions 16
216	216	enforcement regime to ensure actors violating 17
217	217	the current Darfur arms embargo are held ac-18
218	218	countable; and 19
219	219	(D) to establish a mechanism for unfet-20
220	220	tered delivery of humanitarian aid and a mech-21
221	221	anism to protect civilians; 22
222	222	(5) calls on the United Nations General Assem-23
223	223	bly to pass a resolution that calls for a nationwide 24
224	224	ceasefire, recognizes the atrocities taking place in 25
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227	227	•SRES 126 IS
228	228	Sudan, and calls for a more effective and inclusive 1
229	229	arms embargo on Sudan, unfettered delivery of hu-2
230	230	manitarian aid across Sudan, and a mechanism to 3
231	231	protect civilians; and 4
232	232	(6) calls on the United States Government— 5
233	233	(A) to increase support for civil society and 6
234	234	local organizations that are monitoring and doc-7
235	235	umenting atrocities and weapons deliveries into 8
236	236	Sudan as well as delivering humanitarian re-9
237	237	sources to vulnerable communities; 10
238	238	(B) to increase and develop improved 11
239	239	mechanisms for monitoring and documenting 12
240	240	atrocities and weapons supply chains into and 13
241	241	across Sudan; 14
242	242	(C) to resume funding and implementation 15
243	243	of United States foreign assistance to the fam-16
244	244	ine-stricken and war-torn areas of Sudan; 17
245	245	(D) to develop mechanisms for psycho-18
246	246	social support for women, men, and children 19
247	247	who are victims of conflict related sexual vio-20
248	248	lence; and 21
249	249	(E) to press the United Nations, the Afri-22
250	250	can Union, and other allies and partners— 23
251	251	(i) to condemn the atrocities taking 24
252	252	place in Sudan; 25
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256	256	(ii) to call for a more effective and in-1
257	257	clusive arms embargo on Sudan; 2
258	258	(iii) to work to ensure unfettered de-3
259	259	livery of humanitarian aid across Sudan; 4
260	260	(iv) to support a mechanism to pro-5
261	261	tect civilians; 6
262	262	(v) to use their influence to pressure 7
263	263	the SAF and RSF to end this conflict; and 8
264	264	(vi) to exert pressure on external ac-9
265	265	tors to adhere to the arms embargo in 10
266	266	Sudan. 11
267	267	Æ
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