Alabama 2024 Regular Session

Alabama House Bill HB164 Compare Versions

Version 1 (Old)

Version 2 (New)

Old	New		Differences
1		-	~~HB164ENROLLED~~
	1	+	HB164ENGROSSED
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3	3		HB164
4		-	25GWSSK-3
	4	+	25GWSSK-2
5	5		By Representatives Robbins, DuBose, Faulkner
6	6		RFD: Judiciary
7	7		First Read: 14-Feb-24
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12		-	5 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	12	+	5 HB164 Engrossed
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14	14		First Read: 14-Feb-24
15		-	Enrolled, An Act,
16		-	Relating to consumer protection; to provide
17		-	legislative findings; to provide definitions; to provide
18		-	age-verification requirements for the distribution of sexual
19		-	material harmful to minors through certain adult websites,
20		-	applications, and digital and virtual platforms; to prohibit
21		-	the retention of certain personally identifying information;
22		-	to assess an additional tax on the gross proceeds received
23		-	through sales, distribution, memberships, subscriptions, and
24		-	performances of material deemed harmful to minors; to require
25		-	notice to be given of the dangers of pornography under certain
26		-	conditions; to provide civil and criminal penalties for
27		-	violations; to amend Section 13A-6-240, Code of Alabama 1975,
28		-	as amended by Act 2023-464, 2023 Regular Session, to require
29		-	written consent to distribute a private image of another, with
30		-	exceptions; and to further provide for the enforcement
31		-	authority of the Attorney General; and in connection therewith
32		-	would have as its purpose or effect the requirement of a new
33		-	or increased expenditure of local funds within the meaning of
34		-	Section 111.05 of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022.
35		-	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
36		-	Section 1. The Legislature finds and declares the
37		-	following:
38		-	(1) The pervasive use of pornography is creating a
39		-	public health crisis.
40		-	(2) Pornography is contributing to the
41		-	hypersexualization of children and teens in our society.
	15	+	A BILL
	16	+	TO BE ENTITLED
	17	+	AN ACT
	18	+	Relating to consumer protection; to provide legislative
	19	+	findings; to provide definitions; to provide age-verification
	20	+	requirements for the distribution of sexual material harmful
	21	+	to minors through certain adult websites, applications, and
	22	+	digital and virtual platforms; to prohibit the retention of
	23	+	certain personally identifying information; to assess an
	24	+	additional tax on the gross proceeds received through sales,
	25	+	distribution, memberships, subscriptions, and performances of
	26	+	material deemed harmful to minors; to require notice to be
	27	+	given of the dangers of pornography under certain conditions;
	28	+	to provide civil and criminal penalties for violations; to
	29	+	amend Section 13A-6-240, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended by
	30	+	Act 2023-464, 2023 Regular Session, to require written consent
	31	+	to distribute a private image of another, with exceptions; and
	32	+	to further provide for the enforcement authority of the
	33	+	Attorney General; and in connection therewith would have as
	34	+	its purpose or effect the requirement of a new or increased
	35	+	expenditure of local funds within the meaning of Section
	36	+	111.05 of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022.
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69		-	28 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	64	+	28 HB164 Engrossed
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	66	+	111.05 of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022.
	67	+	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
	68	+	Section 1. The Legislature finds and declares the
	69	+	following:
	70	+	(1) The pervasive use of pornography is creating a
	71	+	public health crisis.
	72	+	(2) Pornography is contributing to the
71	73		hypersexualization of children and teens in our society.
72	74		(3) Due to advances in technology and the universal
73	75		availability of the Internet, young children are more easily
74	76		exposed to pornography than ever before, with the average age
75	77		of exposure now being only 11 to 12 years of age.
76	78		(4) Pornography treats people as objects and
77	79		commodities for the viewer's use.
78	80		(5) Pornography normalizes violence and abuse, often
79	81		depicts rape and abuse as being harmless fun, and increases
80	82		the demand for sex trafficking, prostitution, and child
81	83		pornography.
82	84		(6) Pornography is a public health crisis leading to a
83	85		broad spectrum of individual and public health impacts and
84	86		societal harms. This state has a compelling governmental
85	87		interest to take action, and this act serves as the most
86	88		narrowly tailored approach to prevent pornography exposure and
87	89		addiction to minors and to educate individuals and families
88	90		concerning its very serious harms.
89	91		Section 2. As used in Sections 1 through 14 of this
90	92		act, the following terms have the following meanings:
91	93		(1) ADULT WEBSITE. A website, application, or digital
92	94		or virtual platform that uses the Internet to facilitate the
93		-	dissemination of pictures, videos, or other content, a
94		-	substantial portion of which is sexual material harmful to
95		-	minors.
96		-	(2) COMMERCIAL ENTITY. The term includes corporations,
97		-	limited liability companies, partnerships, limited
98		-	partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally
99		-	recognized entities.
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127		-	56 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	122	+	56 HB164 Engrossed
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	124	+	or virtual platform that uses the Internet to facilitate the
	125	+	dissemination of pictures, videos, or other content, a
	126	+	substantial portion of which is sexual material harmful to
	127	+	minors.
	128	+	(2) COMMERCIAL ENTITY. The term includes corporations,
	129	+	limited liability companies, partnerships, limited
	130	+	partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally
129	131		recognized entities.
130	132		(3) CONSUMER INTEREST DIVISION. The Consumer Interest
131	133		Division of the Office of the Attorney General.
132	134		(4) DISTRIBUTE. To issue, sell, give, provide, deliver,
133	135		transfer, circulate, or disseminate.
134	136		(5) HARMFUL TO MINORS. The term as defined under
135	137		Section 13A-12-200.1, Code of Alabama 1975.
136	138		(6) MINOR. An individual under 18 years of age.
137	139		(7) NEWS-GATHERING ORGANIZATION. Any of the following:
138	140		a. A newspaper, news publication, or other news source,
139	141		whether in printed or electronic format, of current news and
140	142		public interest.
141	143		b. A radio broadcast station, television broadcast
142	144		station, or cable television operator.
143	145		(8) PUBLISH. To communicate or make information
144	146		available to another person through an online platform.
145	147		(9) REASONABLE AGE-VERIFICATION METHOD. Any
146	148		commercially available software, application, program, or
147	149		methodology that, when enabled, provides reasonable assurances
148	150		that any individual accessing certain published material is 18
149	151		years of age or older.
150	152		(10) SUBSTANTIAL PORTION. More than 33 1/3 percent.
151		-	Section 3. (a) Any commercial entity that knowingly and
152		-	intentionally publishes or distributes sexual material harmful
153		-	to minors through an adult website shall use a reasonable
154		-	age-verification method to provide reasonable assurance that
155		-	individuals under 18 years of age cannot access the material
156		-	harmful to minors.
157		-	(b) Nothing in this section shall apply to a bona fide
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185		-	84 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	180	+	84 HB164 Engrossed
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	182	+	(10) SUBSTANTIAL PORTION. More than 33 1/3 percent.
	183	+	Section 3. (a) Any commercial entity that knowingly and
	184	+	intentionally publishes or distributes sexual material harmful
	185	+	to minors through an adult website shall use a reasonable
	186	+	age-verification method to provide reasonable assurance that
	187	+	individuals under 18 years of age cannot access the material
	188	+	harmful to minors.
187	189		(b) Nothing in this section shall apply to a bona fide
188	190		news-gathering organization.
189	191		Section 4. (a) Any commercial entity or third party
190	192		that performs the required age-verification under Section 3
191	193		shall not retain any personally identifying information of the
192	194		individual after access has been granted to the sexual
193	195		material.
194	196		(b) A commercial entity that is found to have knowingly
195	197		retained identifying information of the individual, as
196	198		prohibited in subsection (a), shall be liable to the
197	199		individual for damages resulting from retaining the
198	200		identifying information, including court costs and reasonable
199	201		attorney fees as ordered by the court.
200	202		(c) Nothing in this section shall apply to a bona fide
201	203		news-gathering organization.
202	204		Section 5. No Internet service provider, or its
203	205		affiliates or subsidiaries, search engine, or cloud service
204	206		provider shall be held to have violated Sections 1 through 10
205	207		of this act or Section 13A-6-240, Code of Alabama 1975, solely
206	208		for providing access or connection to or from a website or
207	209		other information or content on the Internet or a facility,
208	210		system, or network not under that provider's control,
209		-	including transmission, downloading, intermediate storage, or
210		-	access software to the extent the provider is not responsible
211		-	for the creation of the content of the communication that
212		-	constitutes sexual material harmful to minors.
213		-	Section 6. (a) Any individual injured by a violation of
214		-	Section 3, Section 8, or Section 9 may bring a civil action in
215		-	circuit court against the commercial entity to recover actual
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243		-	112 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	238	+	112 HB164 Engrossed
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245		-	circuit court against the commercial entity to recover actual
246		-	and punitive damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney's
247		-	fees. If the injured individual is a minor, then a parent or
248		-	legal guardian may bring action on his or her behalf.
	240	+	system, or network not under that provider's control,
	241	+	including transmission, downloading, intermediate storage, or
	242	+	access software to the extent the provider is not responsible
	243	+	for the creation of the content of the communication that
	244	+	constitutes sexual material harmful to minors.
	245	+	Section 6. (a) Any individual injured by a violation of
	246	+	Section 3, Section 8, or Section 9 may bring a civil action
	247	+	against the commercial entity to recover actual and punitive
	248	+	damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney's fees. If the
	249	+	injured individual is a minor, then a parent or legal guardian
	250	+	may bring action on his or her behalf.
249	251		(b) Upon commencement of any action brought under this
250		-	section, the ~~plaintiff~~ shall mail a copy of the ~~complaint or~~
251		-	other initial pleading to the Attorney General ~~and upon entry~~
252		-	of any judgment or decree in the action, shall ~~mail a copy of~~
253		-	the judgment or decree to the Attorney General.
	252	+	section, the clerk of the court shall mail a copy of the
	253	+	complaint or other initial pleading to the Attorney General
	254	+	and upon entry of any judgment or decree in the action, shall
	255	+	mail a copy of the judgment or decree to the Attorney General.
254	256		(c) Upon a finding by the court that a violation of
255	257		Section 3, Section 8, or Section 9 has occurred, the Attorney
256	258		General, upon petition to the court, may recover a civil
257	259		penalty up to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per violation.
258	260		Section 7. In addition to any other penalty provided by
259	261		law, any violation of Section 3, Section 8, or Section 9 shall
260	262		be considered a violation of the Deceptive Trade Practices Act
261	263		under Chapter 19 of Title 8, Code of Alabama 1975.
262	264		Section 8. (a) Any commercial entity, before knowingly
263	265		and intentionally publishing or distributing a private image,
264	266		as defined under Section 13A-6-240, Code of Alabama 1975,
265	267		through an adult website, shall obtain written consent to
266	268		publish or distribute the private image from every individual
267		-	depicted in the private image.
268		-	(b) The written consent required by this section shall
269		-	be signed by the individual depicted and sworn to by a notary
270		-	public. The commercial entity shall maintain records of the
271		-	written consent for not less than five calendar years
272		-	following the publication or distribution of the private
273		-	image.
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	296	+	140 HB164 Engrossed
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	298	+	publish or distribute the private image from every individual
	299	+	depicted in the private image.
	300	+	(b) The written consent required by this section shall
	301	+	be signed by the individual depicted and sworn to by a notary
	302	+	public. The commercial entity shall maintain records of the
	303	+	written consent for not less than five calendar years
	304	+	following the publication or distribution of the private
303	305		image.
304	306		Section 9. (a) A commercial entity required to use
305	307		reasonable age verification methods under Section 3 shall do
306	308		all of the following:
307	309		(1) Display the following notices on the home or
308	310		landing page of the adult website on which sexual material
309	311		harmful to minors is published or distributed and all
310	312		advertisements thereof:
311	313		"ALABAMA HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES WARNING: Pornography
312	314		is potentially biologically addictive, is proven to harm human
313	315		brain development, desensitizes brain reward circuits,
314	316		increases conditioned responses, and weakens brain function."
315	317		"ALABAMA HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES WARNING: Exposure to
316	318		this content is associated with low self-esteem and body
317	319		image, eating disorders, impaired brain development, and other
318	320		emotional and mental illnesses."
319	321		"ALABAMA HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES WARNING: Pornography
320	322		increases the demand for prostitution, child exploitation, and
321	323		child pornography."
322	324		(2) Display the following notice on every page of the
323	325		adult website:
324	326		"U.S. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
325		-	ADMINISTRATION HELPLINE:
326		-	"1-800-662-HELP (4357)
327		-	"THIS HELPLINE IS A FREE, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
328		-	SERVICE (IN ENGLISH OR SPANISH) OPEN 24 HOURS PER DAY, FOR
329		-	INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILY MEMBERS FACING MENTAL HEALTH OR
330		-	SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS. THE SERVICE PROVIDES REFERRAL TO
331		-	LOCAL TREATMENT FACILITIES, SUPPORT GROUPS, AND
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	354	+	168 HB164 Engrossed
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	356	+	"U.S. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
	357	+	ADMINISTRATION HELPLINE:
	358	+	"1-800-662-HELP (4357)
	359	+	"THIS HELPLINE IS A FREE, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
	360	+	SERVICE (IN ENGLISH OR SPANISH) OPEN 24 HOURS PER DAY, FOR
	361	+	INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILY MEMBERS FACING MENTAL HEALTH OR
	362	+	SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS. THE SERVICE PROVIDES REFERRAL TO
361	363		LOCAL TREATMENT FACILITIES, SUPPORT GROUPS, AND
362	364		COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS."
363	365		(b) A violation of this section shall be punished as
364	366		provided under Section 6 or Section 7.
365	367		(c) Each notice required under this section shall be
366	368		displayed in 14 point font or greater and in a conspicuous
367	369		manner.
368	370		Section 10. (a) In addition to all other taxes of
369	371		every kind, there is levied and shall be collected a tax at
370	372		the rate of 10 percent upon the gross receipts of any
371	373		commercial entity operating an adult website for all sales,
372	374		distributions, memberships, subscriptions, performances, and
373	375		all other content amounting to material harmful to minors that
374	376		is produced, sold, filmed, generated, or otherwise based in
375	377		this state.
376	378		(b) The tax levied by this section shall be collected
377	379		by the State Department of Revenue at the same time and in the
378	380		same manner as state sales and use taxes are collected. On or
379	381		prior to the date the tax is due, each person subject to the
380	382		tax shall file with the department a report in the form
381	383		prescribed by the department.
382	384		(c) Any taxes collected under this section shall be
383		-	budgeted and allotted in accordance with Sections 41-4-80
384		-	through 41-4-96, Code of Alabama 1975, and Sections 41-19-1
385		-	through 41-19-12, Code of Alabama 1975, and shall be
386		-	distributed to the Department of Mental Health for the care
387		-	and treatment of individuals with behavioral health needs,
388		-	including prevention, treatment, and recovery services and
389		-	supports.
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	412	+	196 HB164 Engrossed
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	414	+	(c) Any taxes collected under this section shall be
	415	+	budgeted and allotted in accordance with Sections 41-4-80
	416	+	through 41-4-96, Code of Alabama 1975, and Sections 41-19-1
	417	+	through 41-19-12, Code of Alabama 1975, and shall be
	418	+	distributed to the Department of Mental Health for the care
	419	+	and treatment of individuals with behavioral health needs,
	420	+	including prevention, treatment, and recovery services and
419	421		supports.
420	422		Section 11. Section 13A-6-240, Code of Alabama 1975, as
421	423		amended by Act 2023-464, 2023 Regular Session, is amended to
422	424		read as follows:
423	425		"§13A-6-240
424	426		(a) A person commits the crime of distributing a
425	427		private image if he or she knowingly posts, emails, texts,
426	428		transmits, or otherwise distributes a private image when the
427	429		depicted person individual has not consented in writing to the
428	430		transmission and the depicted person individual had a
429	431		reasonable expectation of privacy against transmission of the
430	432		private image.
431	433		(b) For purposes of this section, "private image" means
432	434		a photograph, digital image, video, film, or other recording
433	435		of a person an individual who is identifiable from the
434	436		recording itself or from the circumstances of its transmission
435	437		and who is engaged in any act of
436	438		sadomasochisticsado-masochistic abuse, sexual intercourse,
437	439		sexual excitement, masturbation, breast nudity, as defined in
438	440		Section 13A-12-190, genital nudity, or other sexual conduct ,
439	441		as those terms are defined under Section 13A-12-190 . The term
440	442		includes a recording that has been edited, altered, or
441		-	otherwise manipulated from its original form.
442		-	(c)(1) For purposes of this section, a "reasonable
443		-	expectation of privacy" includes, but is not limited to,
444		-	either of the following circumstances:
445		-	a. The person individual depicted in the private image
446		-	created it or consented to its creation believing that it
447		-	would remain confidential.
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475		-	224 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	470	+	224 HB164 Engrossed
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	472	+	includes a recording that has been edited, altered, or
	473	+	otherwise manipulated from its original form.
	474	+	(c)(1) For purposes of this section, a "reasonable
	475	+	expectation of privacy" includes, but is not limited to,
	476	+	either of the following circumstances:
	477	+	a. The person individual depicted in the private image
	478	+	created it or consented to its creation believing that it
477	479		would remain confidential.
478	480		b. The sexual conduct depicted in the image was
479	481		involuntary.
480	482		(2) There is no reasonable expectation of privacy
481	483		against the transmission of a private image made voluntarily
482	484		in a public setting or made with prior written consent in a
483	485		commercial setting.
484	486		(d) It is a defense to distributing a private image if
485	487		the distribution of the private image was made in the public
486	488		interest, including, but not limited to, the reporting of
487	489		unlawful conduct; the lawful and common practices of law
488	490		enforcement, legal proceedings, or medical treatment; or a
489	491		bona fide attempt to prevent further distribution of the
490	492		private image.
491	493		(e) For the purposes of determining jurisdiction, the
492	494		crime of distributing a private image shall be considered to
493	495		be committed in any county in which any part of the crime took
494	496		place, in the county of residence of the victim or defendant,
495	497		or any county where the image is received.
496	498		(f) A violation of this section is a Class A
497	499		misdemeanor. A subsequent adjudication or conviction under
498	500		this section is a Class C felony.
499		-	(g) If the Attorney General has reason to believe a
500		-	person has engaged in, or is engaging in, a violation of this
501		-	section, the Attorney General may petition for an emergency
502		-	injunction or other necessary relief to enjoin the violation,
503		-	and may order the person to provide a copy of the written
504		-	consent required by this section.
505		-	(h) No Internet service provider, or its affiliates or
506	501		225
507	502		226
508	503		227
509	504		228
510	505		229
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531	526		250
532	527		251
533		-	252 HB164 ~~Enrolled~~
	528	+	252 HB164 Engrossed
534	529		Page 10
	530	+	this section is a Class C felony.
	531	+	(g) If the Attorney General has reason to believe a
	532	+	person has engaged in, or is engaging in, a violation of this
	533	+	section, the Attorney General may petition for an emergency
	534	+	injunction or other necessary relief to enjoin the violation,
	535	+	and may order the person to provide a copy of the written
	536	+	consent required by this section.
535	537		(h) No Internet service provider, or its affiliates or
536	538		subsidiaries, search engine, or cloud service provider shall
537	539		be held to have violated this section solely for providing
538	540		access or connection to or from a website or other information
539	541		or content on the Internet or a facility, system, or network
540	542		not under that provider's control, including transmission,
541	543		downloading, intermediate storage, or access software to the
542	544		extent the provider is not responsible for the creation of the
543	545		content of the communication that constitutes a private
544	546		image."
545	547		Section 12. Although this bill would have as its
546	548		purpose or effect the requirement of a new or increased
547	549		expenditure of local funds, the bill is excluded from further
548	550		requirements and application under Section 111.05 of the
549	551		Constitution of Alabama of 2022, because the bill defines a
550	552		new crime or amends the definition of an existing crime.
551	553		Section 13. The Department of Revenue may adopt rules
552	554		for the implementation and administration of Sections 1
553	555		through 10 of this act.
554	556		Section 14. Section 10 of this act shall become
555	557		effective September 1, 2025; the remaining sections of this
556	558		act shall become effective on October 1, 2024.
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558	560		254
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577		-	273 HB164 Enrolled
578		-	Page 11
579		-	act shall become effective on October 1, 2024.
580		-	________________________________________________
581		-	Speaker of the House of Representatives
582		-	________________________________________________
583		-	President and Presiding Officer of the Senate
584		-	House of Representatives
585		-	I hereby certify that the within Act originated in and
586		-	was passed by the House 29-Feb-24, as amended.
587		-	John Treadwell
588		-	Clerk
589		-	Senate 09-Apr-24 Amended and Passed
590		-	House 11-Apr-24 Concurred in Senate
591		-	Amendment
	579	+	273
592	580		274
593	581		275
594	582		276
595	583		277
596	584		278
597	585		279
598		-	280
	586	+	280 HB164 Engrossed
	587	+	Page 11
	588	+	act shall become effective on October 1, 2024.
	589	+	House of Representatives
	590	+	Read for the first time and referred
	591	+	to the House of Representatives
	592	+	committee on Judiciary
	593	+	................14-Feb-24
	594	+	Read for the second time and placed
	595	+	on the calendar:
	596	+	4 amendments
	597	+	................21-Feb-24
	598	+	Read for the third time and passed
	599	+	as amended
	600	+	Yeas 101
	601	+	Nays 1
	602	+	Abstains 0
	603	+	................29-Feb-24
	604	+	John Treadwell
	605	+	Clerk
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