Connecticut 2019 Regular Session

Connecticut House Bill HB07245 Compare Versions

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77 General Assembly Substitute Bill No. 7245
88 January Session, 2019
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1414 AN ACT CONCERNING AD VANCE ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS IN
1515 CHARTER SCHOOLS AND INTERDISTRICT MAGNET SCHOOLS BY
1616 MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES.
1717 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
1818 Assembly convened:
1919
2020 Section 1. Section 10-66bb of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
2121 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2019): 2
2222 (a) (1) On and after July 1, 1997, and prior to July 1, 2015, the State 3
2323 Board of Education may grant charters for local and state charter 4
2424 schools in accordance with this section. On and after July 1, 2015, such 5
2525 state board may grant initial certificates of approval for charters for 6
2626 local and state charter schools in accordance with this section. Upon 7
2727 granting an initial certificate of approval for a charter, such state board 8
2828 shall submit a copy of the initial certificate of approval for the charter 9
2929 and a summary of the comments made at a public hearing conducted 10
3030 pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of this section or 11
3131 subparagraph (B)(ii) of subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of this section, 12
3232 in accordance with section 11-4a, to the joint standing committees of 13
3333 the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to 14
3434 education and appropriations and the budgets of state agencies. 15
3535 (2) The General Assembly may appropriate funds to the Department 16
3636 of Education for the purposes of providing grants to local and state 17
3737 charter schools, pursuant to section 10-66ee. If such funds are 18 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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4444 appropriated, an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a local 19
4545 or state charter school shall be effective and deemed a charter as of July 20
4646 first of the first fiscal year for which such funds are appropriated. 21
4747 (3) A charter or initial certificate of approval for a charter granted 22
4848 under this section shall not be considered a license, as defined in 23
4949 section 4-166, for the purposes of chapter 54. 24
5050 (b) Any not-for-profit organization that is exempt from taxation 25
5151 under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any 26
5252 subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, 27
5353 as amended from time to time, public or independent institution of 28
5454 higher education, local or regional board of education or two or more 29
5555 boards of education cooperatively, or regional educational service 30
5656 center may apply to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and 31
5757 in such manner as the commissioner prescribes, to obtain an initial 32
5858 certificate of approval for a charter, provided no nonpublic elementary 33
5959 or secondary school may be established as a charter school and no 34
6060 parent or group of parents providing home instruction may establish a 35
6161 charter school for such instruction. 36
6262 (c) On and after July 1, 2015, the State Board of Education shall 37
6363 review, annually, all applications and grant initial certificates of 38
6464 approval for charters, in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of this 39
6565 section, for a local or state charter school located in a town that has one 40
6666 or more schools that have been designated as a commissioner's 41
6767 network school, pursuant to section 10-223h, at the time of such 42
6868 application, or a town that has been designated as a low achieving 43
6969 school district, pursuant to section 10-223e, at the time of such 44
7070 application. (1) Except as provided for in subdivision (2) of this 45
7171 subsection, no state charter school shall enroll (A) (i) more than two 46
7272 hundred fifty students, or (ii) in the case of a kindergarten to grade 47
7373 eight, inclusive, school, more than three hundred students, or (B) 48
7474 twenty-five per cent of the enrollment of the school district in which 49
7575 the state charter school is to be located, whichever is less. (2) In the 50
7676 case of a state charter school found by the State Board of Education to 51 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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8383 have a demonstrated record of achievement, said board shall, upon 52
8484 application by such school to said board, waive the provisions of 53
8585 subdivision (1) of this subsection for such school. (3) The State Board of 54
8686 Education shall give preference to applicants for charter schools (A) 55
8787 whose primary purpose is the establishment of education programs 56
8888 designed to serve one or more of the following student populations: (i) 57
8989 Students with a history of low academic performance, (ii) students 58
9090 who receive free or reduced priced lunches pursuant to federal law 59
9191 and regulations, (iii) students with a history of behavioral and social 60
9292 difficulties, (iv) students identified as requiring special education, (v) 61
9393 students who are English language learners, or (vi) students of a single 62
9494 gender; (B) whose primary purpose is to improve the academic 63
9595 performance of an existing school that has consistently demonstrated 64
9696 substandard academic performance, as determined by the 65
9797 Commissioner of Education; (C) that will serve students who reside in 66
9898 a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p; (D) that will serve 67
9999 students who reside in a district in which seventy-five per cent or more 68
100100 of the enrolled students are members of racial or ethnic minorities; (E) 69
101101 that demonstrate highly credible and specific strategies to attract, 70
102102 enroll and retain students from among the populations described in 71
103103 subparagraph (A)(i) to (A)(vi), inclusive, of this subdivision; or (F) that, 72
104104 in the case of an applicant for a state charter school, such state charter 73
105105 school will be located at a work-site or such applicant is an institution 74
106106 of higher education. In determining whether to grant an initial 75
107107 certificate of approval for a charter, the State Board of Education shall 76
108108 consider (i) the effect of the proposed charter school on (I) the 77
109109 reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the region in 78
110110 which it is to be located, (II) the regional distribution of charter schools 79
111111 in the state, (III) the potential of over-concentration of charter schools 80
112112 within a school district or in contiguous school districts, and (IV) the 81
113113 state's efforts to close achievement gaps, as defined in section 10-16oo, 82
114114 and (ii) the comments made at a public hearing conducted pursuant to 83
115115 subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of this section or subparagraph (B)(ii) 84
116116 of subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of this section. 85 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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123123 (d) Applications pursuant to this section shall include a description 86
124124 of: (1) The mission, purpose and any specialized focus of the proposed 87
125125 charter school; (2) the interest in the community for the establishment 88
126126 of the charter school; (3) the school governance and procedures for the 89
127127 establishment of a governing council that (A) includes (i) teachers and 90
128128 parents and guardians of students enrolled in the school, and (ii) the 91
129129 chairperson of the local or regional board of education of the town in 92
130130 which the charter school is located and which has jurisdiction over a 93
131131 school that resembles the approximate grade configuration of the 94
132132 charter school, or the designee of such chairperson, provided such 95
133133 designee is a member of the board of education or the superintendent 96
134134 of schools for the school district, or the superintendent's designee, and 97
135135 (B) is responsible for the oversight of charter school operations, 98
136136 provided no member or employee of the governing council may have a 99
137137 personal or financial interest in the assets, real or personal, of the 100
138138 school; (4) the financial plan for operation of the school, provided no 101
139139 application fees or other fees for attendance, except as provided in this 102
140140 section, may be charged; (5) the educational program, instructional 103
141141 methodology and services to be offered to students; (6) the number 104
142142 and qualifications of teachers and administrators to be employed in the 105
143143 school; (7) the organization of the school in terms of the ages or grades 106
144144 to be taught and the total estimated enrollment of the school; (8) the 107
145145 student admission criteria and procedures to (A) ensure effective 108
146146 public information, (B) ensure open access on a space available basis, 109
147147 including the enrollment of students during the school year if spaces 110
148148 become available in the charter school, (C) promote a diverse student 111
149149 body, and (D) ensure that the school complies with the provisions of 112
150150 section 10-15c and that it does not discriminate on the basis of 113
151151 disability, athletic performance or proficiency in the English language, 114
152152 provided the school may limit enrollment to a particular grade level or 115
153153 specialized educational focus and, if there is not space available for all 116
154154 students seeking enrollment, the school may give preference to siblings 117
155155 but shall otherwise determine enrollment by a lottery, except the State 118
156156 Board of Education may waive the requirements for such enrollment 119
157157 lottery pursuant to subsection [(j)] (k) of this section; (9) a means to 120 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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164164 assess student performance that includes participation in mastery 121
165165 examinations, pursuant to section 10-14n; (10) procedures for teacher 122
166166 evaluation and professional development for teachers and 123
167167 administrators; (11) the provision of school facilities, pupil 124
168168 transportation and student health and welfare services; (12) 125
169169 procedures to encourage involvement by parents and guardians of 126
170170 enrolled students in student learning, school activities and school 127
171171 decision-making; (13) procedures to document efforts to increase the 128
172172 racial and ethnic diversity of staff; (14) a five-year plan to sustain the 129
173173 maintenance and operation of the school; (15) a student recruitment 130
174174 and retention plan that shall include, but not be limited to, a clear 131
175175 description of a plan and the capacity of the school to attract, enroll 132
176176 and retain students from among the populations described in 133
177177 subparagraph (A)(i) to (A)(v), inclusive, of subdivision (3) of 134
178178 subsection (c) of this section; (16) a plan to share student learning 135
179179 practices and experiences with the local or regional board of education 136
180180 of the town in which the proposed charter school is to be located; and 137
181181 (17) in the case of an application in which the governing council of the 138
182182 proposed charter school intends to contract with a charter 139
183183 management organization for whole school management services: (A) 140
184184 Evidence of the charter management organization's ability to (i) serve 141
185185 student populations that are similar to the student population that will 142
186186 be served by the proposed charter school, (ii) create strong academic 143
187187 outcomes for students, and (iii) successfully manage nonacademic 144
188188 school functions, (B) a term sheet that sets forth (i) the length of the 145
189189 contract for whole school management services, (ii) the roles and 146
190190 responsibilities of the governing council of the proposed charter 147
191191 school, the staff of the proposed charter school and the charter 148
192192 management organization, (iii) the scope of services and resources to 149
193193 be provided by the charter management organization, (iv) the 150
194194 performance evaluation measures and timelines, (v) the compensation 151
195195 structure, including a clear identification of all fees to be paid to the 152
196196 charter management organization, (vi) the methods of contract 153
197197 oversight and enforcement, and (vii) the conditions for renewal and 154
198198 termination of the contract, and (C) evidence of compliance with the 155 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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205205 provisions of section 10-66tt. Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) 156
206206 of section 10-66dd, an application may include, or a charter school may 157
207207 file, requests to waive provisions of the general statutes and 158
208208 regulations not required under sections 10-66aa to 10-66nn, inclusive, 159
209209 and which are within the jurisdiction of the State Board of Education. 160
210210 (e) An application for the establishment of a local charter school 161
211211 shall be submitted to the local or regional board of education of the 162
212212 school district in which the local charter school is to be located for 163
213213 approval pursuant to this subsection. The local or regional board of 164
214214 education shall: (1) Review the application; (2) hold a public hearing in 165
215215 the school district on such application; (3) survey teachers and parents 166
216216 in the school district to determine if there is sufficient interest in the 167
217217 establishment and operation of the local charter school; and (4) vote on 168
218218 a complete application not later than seventy-five days after the date of 169
219219 receipt of such application. Such board of education may approve the 170
220220 application by a majority vote of the members of the board present and 171
221221 voting at a regular or special meeting of the board called for such 172
222222 purpose. If the application is approved, the board shall forward the 173
223223 application to the State Board of Education. The State Board of 174
224224 Education shall vote on the application not later than sixty days after 175
225225 the date of receipt of such application. Subject to the provisions of 176
226226 subsection (c) of this section, the State Board of Education may 177
227227 approve the application and grant the initial certificate of approval for 178
228228 the charter for the local charter school or reject such application by a 179
229229 majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a 180
230230 regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. 181
231231 The State Board of Education may condition granting the initial 182
232232 certificate of approval for the charter for the local charter school on the 183
233233 applicant meeting certain conditions determined by the Commissioner 184
234234 of Education to be necessary and may authorize the commissioner to 185
235235 release the initial certificate of approval for the charter when the 186
236236 commissioner determines such conditions are met. After an initial 187
237237 certificate of approval for a charter for a local charter school is deemed 188
238238 a charter pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, 189 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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245245 such charter may be valid for a period of time of up to five years. The 190
246246 state board may allow the applicant to delay its opening for a period of 191
247247 up to one school year in order for the applicant to fully prepare to 192
248248 provide appropriate instructional services. On and after July 1, 2015, 193
249249 any initial certificate of approval for a charter granted by the state 194
250250 board to a local charter school shall include academic and 195
251251 organizational performance goals, developed by the state board, that 196
252252 set forth the performance indicators, measures and metrics that will be 197
253253 used by the state board to evaluate the local charter school. 198
254254 (f) (1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2) of this 199
255255 subsection, an application for the establishment of a state charter 200
256256 school shall be (A) submitted to the State Board of Education for 201
257257 approval in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, and (B) 202
258258 filed with the local or regional board of education in the school district 203
259259 in which the charter school is to be located. The state board shall: (i) 204
260260 Review such application; (ii) hold a public hearing on such application 205
261261 in the school district in which such state charter school is to be located; 206
262262 (iii) solicit and review comments on the application from the local or 207
263263 regional board of education for the school district in which such 208
264264 charter school is to be located and from the local or regional boards of 209
265265 education for school districts that are contiguous to the district in 210
266266 which such school is to be located; and (iv) vote on a complete 211
267267 application not later than ninety days after the date of receipt of such 212
268268 application. The State Board of Education may approve an application 213
269269 and grant the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the state 214
270270 charter school by a majority vote of the members of the state board 215
271271 present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board 216
272272 called for such purpose. The State Board of Education may condition 217
273273 granting the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the state 218
274274 charter school on the applicant meeting certain conditions determined 219
275275 by the Commissioner of Education to be necessary and may authorize 220
276276 the commissioner to release the initial certificate of approval for the 221
277277 charter when the commissioner determines such conditions are met. 222
278278 After an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a state charter 223 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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285285 school is deemed a charter pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) 224
286286 of this section, such charter may be valid for a period of time of up to 225
287287 five years. The state board may allow the applicant to delay its 226
288288 opening for a period of up to one school year in order for the applicant 227
289289 to fully prepare to provide appropriate instructional services. On and 228
290290 after July 1, 2015, any initial certificate of approval for a charter 229
291291 granted by the state board to a state charter school shall include 230
292292 academic and organizational performance goals, developed by the 231
293293 state board, that set forth the performance indicators, measures and 232
294294 metrics that will be used by the state board to evaluate the state charter 233
295295 school. 234
296296 (2) On and after July 1, 2012, and before July 1, 2015, the State Board 235
297297 of Education shall not approve more than four applications for the 236
298298 establishment of new state charter schools unless two of the four such 237
299299 applications are for the establishment of two new state charter schools 238
300300 whose mission, purpose and specialized focus is to provide dual 239
301301 language programs or other models focusing on language acquisition 240
302302 for English language learners. Approval of applications under this 241
303303 subdivision shall be in accordance with the provisions of this section. 242
304304 (g) Charters may be renewed, upon application, in accordance with 243
305305 the provisions of this section for the granting of such charters. Upon 244
306306 application for such renewal, the State Board of Education may 245
307307 commission an independent appraisal of the performance of the 246
308308 charter school that includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the 247
309309 school's compliance with the provisions of this section and, on and 248
310310 after July 1, 2015, progress in meeting the academic and organizational 249
311311 performance goals set forth in the charter granted to the charter school. 250
312312 The State Board of Education shall consider the results of any such 251
313313 appraisal in determining whether to renew such charter. The State 252
314314 Board of Education may deny an application for the renewal of a 253
315315 charter if (1) student progress has not been sufficiently demonstrated, 254
316316 as determined by the commissioner, (2) the governing council has not 255
317317 been sufficiently responsible for the operation of the school or has 256 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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324324 misused or spent public funds in a manner that is detrimental to the 257
325325 educational interests of the students attending the charter school, (3) 258
326326 the school has not been in compliance with the terms of the charter, 259
327327 applicable laws and regulations, (4) the efforts of the school have been 260
328328 insufficient to effectively attract, enroll and retain students from 261
329329 among the following populations: (A) Students with a history of low 262
330330 academic performance, (B) students who receive free or reduced 263
331331 priced lunches pursuant to federal law and regulations, (C) students 264
332332 with a history of behavioral and social difficulties, (D) students 265
333333 identified as requiring special education, or (E) students who are 266
334334 English language learners, or (5) the governing council of the state or 267
335335 local charter school has not provided evidence that such council has 268
336336 initiated substantive communication with the local or regional board of 269
337337 education of the town in which the state or local charter school is 270
338338 located to share student learning practices and experiences. If the State 271
339339 Board of Education does not renew a charter, it shall notify the 272
340340 governing council of the charter school of the reasons for such 273
341341 nonrenewal. On and after July 1, 2015, any charter renewed by the 274
342342 State Board of Education shall include academic and organizational 275
343343 performance goals, developed by the state board, that set forth the 276
344344 performance indicators, measures and metrics that will be used by the 277
345345 state board to evaluate the charter school. 278
346346 (h) The Commissioner of Education may at any time place a charter 279
347347 school on probation if (1) the school has failed to (A) adequately 280
348348 demonstrate student progress, as determined by the commissioner, (B) 281
349349 comply with the terms of its charter or with applicable laws and 282
350350 regulations, (C) achieve measurable progress in reducing racial, ethnic 283
351351 and economic isolation, or (D) maintain its nonsectarian status, or (2) 284
352352 the governing council has demonstrated an inability to provide 285
353353 effective leadership to oversee the operation of the charter school or 286
354354 has not ensured that public funds are expended prudently or in a 287
355355 manner required by law. If a charter school is placed on probation, the 288
356356 commissioner shall provide written notice to the charter school of the 289
357357 reasons for such placement, not later than five days after the 290 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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364364 placement, and shall require the charter school to file with the 291
365365 Department of Education a corrective action plan acceptable to the 292
366366 commissioner not later than thirty-five days from the date of such 293
367367 placement. The charter school shall implement a corrective action plan 294
368368 accepted by the commissioner not later than thirty days after the date 295
369369 of such acceptance. The commissioner may impose any additional 296
370370 terms of probation on the school that the commissioner deems 297
371371 necessary to protect the educational or financial interests of the state. 298
372372 The charter school shall comply with any such additional terms not 299
373373 later than thirty days after the date of their imposition. The 300
374374 commissioner shall determine the length of time of the probationary 301
375375 period, which may be up to one year, provided the commissioner may 302
376376 extend such period, for up to one additional year, if the commissioner 303
377377 deems it necessary. In the event that the charter school does not file or 304
378378 implement the corrective action plan within the required time period 305
379379 or does not comply with any additional terms within the required time 306
380380 period, the Commissioner of Education may withhold grant funds 307
381381 from the school until the plan is fully implemented or the school 308
382382 complies with the terms of probation, provided the commissioner may 309
383383 extend the time period for such implementation and compliance for 310
384384 good cause shown. Whenever a charter school is placed on probation, 311
385385 the commissioner shall notify the parents or guardians of students 312
386386 attending the school of the probationary status of the school and the 313
387387 reasons for such status. During the term of probation, the 314
388388 commissioner may require the school to file interim reports concerning 315
389389 any matter the commissioner deems relevant to the probationary 316
390390 status of the school, including financial reports or statements. No 317
391391 charter school on probation may increase its student enrollment or 318
392392 engage in the recruitment of new students without the consent of the 319
393393 commissioner. 320
394394 (i) The State Board of Education may revoke a charter if a charter 321
395395 school has failed to: (1) Comply with the terms of probation, including 322
396396 the failure to file or implement a corrective action plan; (2) 323
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404404 commissioner; (3) comply with the terms of its charter or applicable 325
405405 laws and regulations; or (4) manage its public funds in a prudent or 326
406406 legal manner. Unless an emergency exists, prior to revoking a charter, 327
407407 the State Board of Education shall provide the governing council of the 328
408408 charter school with a written notice of the reasons for the revocation, 329
409409 including the identification of specific incidents of noncompliance with 330
410410 the law, regulation or charter or other matters warranting revocation 331
411411 of the charter. The State Board of Education shall also provide the 332
412412 governing council with the opportunity to demonstrate compliance 333
413413 with all requirements for the retention of its charter by providing the 334
414414 State Board of Education or a subcommittee of the board, as 335
415415 determined by the State Board of Education, with a written or oral 336
416416 presentation. Such presentation shall include an opportunity for the 337
417417 governing council to present documentary and testimonial evidence to 338
418418 refute the facts cited by the State Board of Education for the proposed 339
419419 revocation or in justification of its activities. Such opportunity shall not 340
420420 constitute a contested case within the meaning of chapter 54. The State 341
421421 Board of Education shall determine, not later than thirty days after the 342
422422 date of an oral presentation or receipt of a written presentation, 343
423423 whether and when the charter shall be revoked and notify the 344
424424 governing council of the decision and the reasons therefor. A decision 345
425425 to revoke a charter shall not constitute a final decision for purposes of 346
426426 chapter 54. In the event an emergency exists in which the 347
427427 commissioner finds that there is imminent harm to the students 348
428428 attending a charter school, the State Board of Education may 349
429429 immediately revoke the charter of the school, provided the notice 350
430430 concerning the reasons for the revocation is sent to the governing 351
431431 council not later than ten days after the date of revocation and the 352
432432 governing council is provided an opportunity to make a presentation 353
433433 to the board not later than twenty days from the date of such notice. 354
434434 (j) Any member of the armed forces, as defined in subsection (a) of 355
435435 section 27-103, who is both a nonresident of this state and the parent or 356
436436 guardian of a nonresident student, shall be allowed to participate in an 357
437437 enrollment lottery described in subdivision (8) of subsection (d) of this 358 Substitute Bill No. 7245
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444444 section for the purposes of enrolling such student in any charter school 359
445445 in this state, provided (A) such member and such student will move to 360
446446 and establish residence in this state prior to the beginning of the school 361
447447 year for which enrollment is sought, as a result of such member's 362
448448 service in the armed forces, and (B) such member gives such charter 363
449449 school a copy of the member's military orders and written notice of his 364
450450 or her intention to move to and reside in this state with such student. 365
451451 [(j)] (k) (1) The governing council of a state or local charter school 366
452452 may apply to the State Board of Education for a waiver of the 367
453453 requirements of the enrollment lottery described in subdivision (8) of 368
454454 subsection (d) of this section, provided such state or local charter 369
455455 school has as its primary purpose the establishment of education 370
456456 programs designed to serve one or more of the following populations: 371
457457 (A) Students with a history of behavioral and social difficulties, (B) 372
458458 students identified as requiring special education, (C) students who 373
459459 are English language learners, or (D) students of a single gender. 374
460460 (2) An enrollment lottery described in subdivision (8) of subsection 375
461461 (d) of this section shall not be held for a local charter school that is 376
462462 established at a school that is among the schools with a percentage 377
463463 equal to or less than five per cent when all schools are ranked highest 378
464464 to lowest in accountability index scores, as defined in section 10-223e. 379
465465 Sec. 2. Section 10-264l of the general statutes is amended by adding 380
466466 subsection (q) as follows (Effective October 1, 2019): 381
467467 (NEW) (q) Any member of the armed forces, as defined in 382
468468 subsection (a) of section 27-103, who is both a nonresident of this state 383
469469 and the parent or guardian of a nonresident student, shall be allowed 384
470470 to participate in an enrollment lottery described in subdivision (3) of 385
471471 subsection (m) of this section and subsection (a) of section 10-264o for 386
472472 the purpose of enrolling such student in any interdistrict magnet 387
473473 school in this state, provided (1) such member and such student will 388
474474 move to and establish residence in this state prior to the beginning of 389
475475 the school year for which enrollment is sought, as a result of such 390 Substitute Bill No. 7245
476476
477477
478478 LCO {\\PRDFS1\HCOUSERS\BARRYJN\WS\2019HB-07245-
479-R02-HB.docx }
479+R01-HB.docx }
480480 13 of 13
481481
482482 member's service in the armed forces, and (2) such member gives such 391
483483 interdistrict magnet school a copy of the member's military orders and 392
484484 written notice of his or her intention to move to and reside in this state 393
485485 with such student. 394
486486 This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
487487 sections:
488488
489489 Section 1 October 1, 2019 10-66bb
490490 Sec. 2 October 1, 2019 10-264l
491491
492+Statement of Legislative Commissioners:
493+Sections 1 and 2 were combined for consistency with standard drafting
494+conventions.
492495
493496 VA Joint Favorable Subst.
494-ED Joint Favorable
495497