An Act
ENROLLED HOUSE
BILL NO. 1987 By: Dollens, Pae, Luttrell,
Echols, Waldron, Hefner and
Deck of the House
and
Rader of the Senate
An Act relating to public health and safety; amending
63 O.S. 2021, Section 2 -101, as amended by Section 4,
Chapter 265, O.S.L. 2022 (63 O.S. Supp. 2022, Section
2-101), which relates to the Uniform Controlled
Dangerous Substances Act; adding exception to certain
defined term; and providing an effective date.
SUBJECT: Public health and safety- Uniformed Controlled
Dangerous Substance Act
BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 63 O.S. 2021, Section 2-101, as
amended by Section 4, Chapter 265, O.S.L. 2022 (63 O. S. Supp. 2022,
Section 2-101), is amended to read as follows:
Section 2-101. As used in the Uniform Controlled Dangerous
Substances Act:
1. "Administer" means the direct application of a controlled
dangerous substance, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion or
any other means, to the body of a patient, animal or research
subject by:
a. a practitioner (or, in the presence of the
practitioner, by the authorized agent of the
practitioner), or
b. the patient or research subject at the direction and
in the presence of the practitioner; ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 2
2. "Agent" means a peace officer appointed by and who acts on
behalf of the Director of the Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs Control or an authorized person who acts on behalf
of or at the direction of a person who manufactures, distributes,
dispenses, prescribes, administers or uses for scientific purposes
controlled dangerous substances but does not include a common or
contract carrier, public warehouser or employee thereof, or a person
required to register under the Uniform Controlled Dangerous
Substances Act;
3. "Board" means the Advisory Board to the Director of the
Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Control;
4. "Bureau" means the Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs Control;
5. "Coca leaves" includes cocaine and any compound,
manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of coca
leaves, except derivatives of coca leaves which do not contain
cocaine or ecgonine;
6. "Commissioner" or "Director" means the Director of the
Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Control;
7. "Control" means to add, remove or change the placement of a
drug, substance or immediate precursor under the Uniform Controlled
Dangerous Substances Act;
8. "Controlled dangerous substance" means a drug, substance or
immediate precursor in Schedules I through V of the Uniform
Controlled Dangerous Substances Act or any drug, substance or
immediate precursor listed either temporarily or permanently as a
federally controlled substance. Any conflict between state and
federal law with regard to the particular schedule in which a
substance is listed shall be resolved in favor of state law;
9. "Counterfeit substance" means a controlled substance which,
or the container or labeling of which without authorization, bears
the trademark, trade name or other identifying marks, imprint,
number or device or any likeness thereof of a manufacturer,
distributor or dispenser other than the person who in fact
manufactured, distributed or dispensed the substance;
10. "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual, constructive or
attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 3
dangerous substance or drug paraphernalia, whether or not there is
an agency relationship;
11. "Dispense" means to deliver a controlled dangerous
substance to an ultimate user or human research subject by or
pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner, including the
prescribing, administering, packaging, labeling or compounding
necessary to prepare the substance for such distribution.
"Dispenser" is a practitioner who delivers a controlled dangerous
substance to an ultimate user or human research subject;
12. "Distribute" means to deliver other than by administering
or dispensing a controlled dangerous substance;
13. "Distributor" means a commercial entity engaged in the
distribution or reverse distribution of narcotics and dangerous
drugs and who complies with all regulations promulgated by the
federal Drug Enforcement Administration and the Oklahoma State
Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Control;
14. "Drug" means articles:
a. recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia,
official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, or official National Formulary, or any
supplement to any of them,
b. intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment or prevention of disease in man or other
animals,
c. other than food, intended to affect the structure or
any function of the body of man or other animals, and
d. intended for use as a component of any article
specified in this paragraph;
provided, however, the term "drug" does not include devices or their
components, parts or accessories;
15. "Drug-dependent person" means a person who is using a
controlled dangerous substance and who is in a state of psychic or
physical dependence, or both, arising from administration of that
controlled dangerous substance on a continuous basis. Drug
dependence is characterized by behavioral and other responses which ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 4
include a strong compulsion to take the substance on a continuous
basis in order to experience its psychic effects, or to avoid the
discomfort of its absence;
16. "Home care agency" means any sole proprietorship,
partnership, association, corporation, or other organization which
administers, offers, or provides home care services, for a fee or
pursuant to a contract for such services, to clients in their place
of residence;
17. "Home care services" means skilled or personal care
services provided to clients in their place of residence for a fee;
18. "Hospice" means a centrally administered, nonprofit or for-
profit, medically directed, nurse-coordinated program which provides
a continuum of home and inpatient care for the terminally ill
patient and the patient's family. Such term shall also include a
centrally administered, nonprofit or for-profit, medically directed,
nurse-coordinated program if such program is licensed pursuant to
the provisions of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act.
A hospice program offers palliative and supportive care to meet the
special needs arising out of the physical, emotional and spiritual
stresses which are experienced during the final stages of illness
and during dying and bereavement. This care is available twenty-
four (24) hours a day, seven (7) days a week, and is provided on the
basis of need, regardless of ability to pay. "Class A" Hospice
refers to Medicare-certified hospices. "Class B" refers to all
other providers of hospice services;
19. "Imitation controlled substance" means a substance that is
not a controlled dangerous substance, which by dosage unit
appearance, color, shape, size, markings or by representations made,
would lead a reasonable person to believe that the substance is a
controlled dangerous substance. In the event the appearance of the
dosage unit is not reasonably sufficient to establish that the
substance is an "imitation controlled substance", the court or
authority concerned should consider, in addition to all other
factors, the following factors as related to "representations made"
in determining whether the substance is an "imitation controlled
substance":
a. statements made by an owner or by any other person in
control of the substance concerning the nature of the
substance, or its use or effect,
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 5
b. statements made to the recipient that the substance
may be resold for inordinate profit,
c. whether the substance is packaged in a manner normally
used for illicit controlled substances,
d. evasive tactics or actions utilized by the owner or
person in control of the substance to avoid detection
by law enforcement authorities,
e. prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or any other
person in control of the object, under state or
federal law related to controlled substances or fraud,
and
f. the proximity of the substances to controlled
dangerous substances;
20. "Immediate precursor" means a substance which the Director
has found to be and by regulation designates as being the principal
compound commonly used or produced primarily for use, and which is
an immediate chemical intermediary used, or likely to be us ed, in
the manufacture of a controlled dangerous substance, the control of
which is necessary to prevent, curtail or limit such manufacture;
21. "Laboratory" means a laboratory approved by the Director as
proper to be entrusted with the custody of control led dangerous
substances and the use of controlled dangerous substances for
scientific and medical purposes and for purposes of instruction;
22. "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
propagation, compounding or processing of a controlled danger ous
substance, either directly or indirectly by extraction from
substances of natural or synthetic origin, or independently by means
of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical
synthesis. "Manufacturer" includes any person who pac kages,
repackages or labels any container of any controlled dangerous
substance, except practitioners who dispense or compound
prescription orders for delivery to the ultimate consumer;
23. "Marijuana" means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa
L., whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted
from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt,
derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant, its seeds or
resin, but shall not include: ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 6
a. the mature stalks of such plant o r fiber produced from
such stalks,
b. oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant,
including cannabidiol derived from the seeds of the
marijuana plant,
c. any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative,
mixture or preparation of such mature stalks (ex cept
the resin extracted therefrom), including cannabidiol
derived from mature stalks, fiber, oil or cake,
d. the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable
of germination,
e. for any person participating in a clinical trial to
administer cannabidiol for the treatment of severe
forms of epilepsy pursuant to Section 2-802 of this
title, a drug or substance approved by the federal
Food and Drug Administration for use by those
participants,
f. for any person or the parents, legal guardians or
caretakers of the person who have received a written
certification from a physician licensed in this state
that the person has been diagnosed by a physician as
having Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, also
known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, or any
other severe form of epilepsy that is not adequately
treated by traditional medical therapies, spasticity
due to multiple sclerosis or due to paraplegia,
intractable nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulation
with chronic wasting diseases, the substance
cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, found in
the plant Cannabis sativa L. or any other preparation
thereof, that has a tetrahydrocannabinol concentration
of not more than three-tenths of one percent (0.3%)
and that is delivered to the patient in the form of a
liquid,
g. any federal Food-and-Drug-Administration-approved drug
or substance, or
h. industrial hemp, from the plant Cannabis sativa L. and
any part of such plant, whether growing or not, with a ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 7
delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more
than three-tenths of one percent (0.3%) on a dry-
weight basis which shall only be grown pursuant to the
Oklahoma Industrial Hemp Program and may be shipped
intrastate and interstate;
24. "Medical purpose" means an intention to utilize a
controlled dangerous substance for physical or mental treatment, for
diagnosis, or for the prevention of a disease condition not in
violation of any state or federal law and not for the purpose of
satisfying physiological or psychological dependence or other abuse;
25. "Mid-level practitioner" means an Advanced Practice
Registered Nurse as defined and within parameters specified in
Section 567.3a of Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes, or a certified
animal euthanasia technician as defined in Section 698.2 of Title 59
of the Oklahoma Statutes, or an animal control officer registered by
the Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Control
under subsection B of Section 2-301 of this title within the
parameters of such officer's duties under Sections 501 throug h 508
of Title 4 of the Oklahoma Statutes;
26. "Narcotic drug" means any of the following, whether
produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of
vegetable origin, or independently b y means of chemical synthesis,
or by a combination of e xtraction and chemical synthesis:
a. opium, coca leaves and opiates,
b. a compound, manufacture, salt, derivative or
preparation of opium, coca leaves or opiates,
c. cocaine, its salts, optical and ge ometric isomers, and
salts of isomers,
d. ecgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers and
salts of isomers, and
e. a substance, and any compound, manufacture, salt,
derivative or preparation thereof, which is chemically
identical with any of the subs tances referred to in
subparagraphs a through d of this pa ragraph, except
that the words "narcotic drug" as used in Section 2-
101 et seq. of this title shall not include ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 8
decocainized coca leaves or extracts of coca leaves,
which extracts do not contain coc aine or ecgonine;
27. "Opiate" or "opioid" means any Schedule II, III, IV or V
substance having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining
liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a
drug having such addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining
liability. The terms do not include, unless specifically designated
as controlled under the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act,
the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methyl-morphinan and its
salts (dextromethorphan). The terms do include the racemic and
levorotatory forms;
28. "Opium poppy" means the plant of the species Papaver
somniferum L., except the seeds thereof;
29. "Peace officer" means a police officer, sheriff, deputy
sheriff, district attorney's investigator, investigator from the
Office of the Attorney General, or any other person elected or
appointed by law to enforce any of the criminal laws of this state
or of the United States;
30. "Person" means an individual, corporation, government or
governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust,
partnership or association, or any other legal entity;
31. "Poppy straw" means all parts, except the seeds, of the
opium poppy, after mowing;
32. "Practitioner" means:
a. (1) a medical doctor or osteopathic physician,
(2) a dentist,
(3) a podiatrist,
(4) an optometrist,
(5) a veterinarian,
(6) a physician assistant or Advanced Practice
Registered Nurse under the supervision of a
licensed medical doctor or osteopathic physician,
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 9
(7) a scientific investigator, or
(8) any other person,
licensed, registered or otherwise permitted to
prescribe, distribute, dispense, conduct research with
respect to, use for scientific purposes or administer
a controlled dangerous substance in the course of
professional practice or research in this state, or
b. a pharmacy, hospital, laboratory or other institution
licensed, registered or otherwise permitted to
distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect
to, use for scientific purposes or administer a
controlled dangerous substance in the course of
professional practice or research in this state;
33. "Production" includes the manufacture, planting,
cultivation, growing or harvesting of a controlled dangerous
substance;
34. "State" means the State of Oklahoma or any other state of
the United States;
35. "Ultimate user" means a person who lawfully possesses a
controlled dangerous substance for the person's own use or for the
use of a member of the person's household or for administration to
an animal owned by the person or by a member of the person's
household;
36. "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and
materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or fashioned
specifically for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing,
harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing,
processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging,
storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or
otherwise introducing into the human body, a controlled dangerous
substance in violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous
Substances Act including, but not limited to:
a. kits used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically
for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing
or harvesting of any species of plant which is a
controlled dangerous substance or from which a
controlled dangerous substance can be derived,
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 10
b. kits used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically
for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting,
producing, processing or preparing controlled
dangerous substances,
c. isomerization devices used, intended for use, or
fashioned specifically for use in increasing the
potency of any species of plant which is a controlled
dangerous substance,
d. testing equipment used, intended for use, or fashioned
specifically for use in identifying, or in analyzing
the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled
dangerous substances,
e. scales and balances used, intended for use, or
fashioned specifically for use in weighing or
measuring controlled dangerous substances,
f. diluents and adulterants, such as quinine
hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and
lactose, used, intended for use, or fashioned
specifically for use in cutting controlled dangerous
substances,
g. separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or
fashioned specifically for use in removing twigs and
seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining,
marijuana,
h. blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices
used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for
use in compounding controlled dangerous substances,
i. capsules, balloons, envelopes and o ther containers
used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for
use in packaging small quantities of controlled
dangerous substances,
j. containers and other objects used, intended for use,
or fashioned specifically for use in parenterally
injecting controlled dangerous substances into the
human body,
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 11
k. hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used,
intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in
parenterally injecting controlled dangerous substances
into the human body,
l. objects used, intended for use, or fashioned
specifically for use in ingesting, inhaling or
otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or
hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(1) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or
ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent
screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls,
(2) water pipes,
(3) carburetion tubes and devices,
(4) smoking and carburetion masks,
(5) roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning
material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has
become too small or too short to be held in the
hand,
(6) miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials,
(7) chamber pipes,
(8) carburetor pipes,
(9) electric pipes,
(10) air-driven pipes,
(11) chillums,
(12) bongs, or
(13) ice pipes or chillers,
m. all hidden or novelty pipes, and
n. any pipe that has a tobacco bowl or chamber of less
than one-half (1/2) inch in diameter in which there is
any detectable residue of any controlled dangerous ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 12
substance as defined in this section or any other
substances not legal for possession or use;
provided, however, the term "drug paraphernalia" shall not include
separation gins intended for use in preparing tea or spice, clamps
used for constructing electrical equipme nt, water pipes designed for
ornamentation in which no detectable amount of an illegal substance
is found or pipes designed and used solely for smoking tobacco,
traditional pipes of an American Indian tribal religious ceremony,
or antique pipes that are th irty (30) years of age or older, or drug
testing strips possessed by a person for purposes of determining the
presence of fentanyl or a fentanyl-related compound;
37. a. "Synthetic controlled substance" means a substance:
(1) the chemical structure of which is substantially
similar to the chemical structure of a controlled
dangerous substance in Schedule I or II,
(2) which has a stimulant, depressant, or
hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous
system that is substantially similar to or
greater than the stimulant, depressant or
hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous
system of a controlled dangerous substance in
Schedule I or II, or
(3) with respect to a particular pe rson, which such
person represents or intends to have a stimulant,
depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the
central nervous system that is substantially
similar to or greater than the stimulant,
depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the
central nervous system of a controlled dangerous
substance in Schedule I or II.
b. The designation of gamma butyrolactone or any other
chemical as a precursor, pursuant to Section 2-322 of
this title, does not preclude a findin g pursuant to
subparagraph a of this paragr aph that the chemical is
a synthetic controlled substance.
c. "Synthetic controlled substance" does not include:
(1) a controlled dangerous substance, ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 13
(2) any substance for which there is an approved new
drug application,
(3) with respect to a particular p erson any
substance, if an exemption is in effect for
investigational use, for that person under the
provisions of Section 505 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act, Title 21 of the United
States Code, Section 355, to the extent conduct
with respect to such substance is pursuant to
such exemption, or
(4) any substance to the extent not intended for
human consumption before such an exemption takes
effect with respect to that substance.
d. Prima facie evidence that a substance containing
salvia divinorum has been enhanced, concentrated or
chemically or physically altered shall give rise to a
rebuttable presumption that the substance is a
synthetic controlled substance;
38. "Tetrahydrocannabinols" means all substances that have been
chemically synthesized to emulate the tetrahydrocannabinols of
marijuana, specifically including any tetrahydrocannabinols derived
from industrial hemp;
39. "Isomer" means the optical isomer, except as used in
subsections C and F o f Section 2-204 of this title and paragraph 4
of subsection A of Section 2-206 of this title. As used in
subsections C and F of Section 2-204 of this title, "isomer" means
the optical, positional or geometric isomer. As used in paragraph 4
of subsection A of Section 2-206 of this title, the term "isomer"
means the optical or geometric isomer;
40. "Hazardous materials" means materials, whether solid,
liquid or gas, which are toxic to human, animal, aquatic or plant
life, and the disposal of which materia ls is controlled by state or
federal guidelines;
41. "Anhydrous ammonia" means any substance that exhibits
cryogenic evaporative behavior and tests positive for ammonia;
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 14
42. "Acute pain" means pain, whether resulting from disease,
accidental or intentional trauma or other cause, that the
practitioner reasonably expects to last only a short period of time.
"Acute pain" does not include chronic pain, pain being treated as
part of cancer care, hospice or other end-of-life care, or pain
being treated as part of palliative care;
43. "Chronic pain" means pain that persists beyond the usual
course of an acute disease or healing of an injury. "Chronic pain"
may or may not be associated with an acute or chronic pathologic
process that causes continuous or intermittent pain over months or
years;
44. "Initial prescription" means a prescription issued to a
patient who:
a. has never previously been issued a prescription for
the drug or its pharmaceutical equivalent in the past
year, or
b. requires a prescription for the drug or its
pharmaceutical equivalent due to a surgical procedure
or new acute event and has previously had a
prescription for the drug or its pharmaceutical
equivalent within the past year.
When determining whether a patient was previously issued a
prescription for a drug or its pharmaceutical eq uivalent, the
practitioner shall consult with the patient and review the medical
record and prescription monitoring information of the patient;
45. "Patient-provider agreement" means a written contract or
agreement that is executed between a practitioner and a patient,
prior to the commencement of treatment for chronic pain using an
opioid drug as a means to:
a. explain the possible risk of development of physical
or psychological dependence in the patient and prevent
the possible development of addiction,
b. document the understanding of both the practitioner
and the patient regarding the patient-provider
agreement of the patient,
c. establish the rights of the patient in association
with treatment and the obligations of the patient in
relation to the resp onsible use, discontinuation of ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 15
use, and storage of opioid drugs, including any
restrictions on the refill of prescriptions or the
acceptance of opioid prescriptions from practitioners,
d. identify the specific medications and other modes of
treatment, including physical therapy or exercise,
relaxation or psychological counseling, that are
included as a part of the patient-provider agreement,
e. specify the measures the practitioner may employ to
monitor the compliance of the patient including, but
not limited to, random specimen screens and pill
counts, and
f. delineate the process for terminating the agreement,
including the consequences if the practitioner has
reason to believe that the patient is not complying
with the terms of the agreement . Compliance with the
"consent items" shall constitute a valid, informed
consent for opioid therapy. The practitioner shall be
held harmless from civil litigation for failure to
treat pain if the event occurs because of nonadherence
by the patient with any of the pro visions of the
patient-provider agreement;
46. "Serious illness" means a medical illness or physical
injury or condition that substantially affects quality of life for
more than a short period of time. "Serious illness" includes, but
is not limited to, A lzheimer's disease or related dementias, lung
disease, cancer, heart failure, renal failure, liver failure or
chronic, unremitting or intractable pain such as neuropathic pain;
and
47. "Surgical procedure" means a procedure that is performed
for the purpose of structurally altering the human body by incision
or destruction of tissues as part of the practice of medicine. This
term includes the diagnostic or therapeutic treatment of conditions
or disease processes by use of instruments such as lasers,
ultrasound, ionizing, radiation, scalpels, probes or needles that
cause localized alteration or transportation of live human tissue by
cutting, burning, vaporizing, freezing, suturing, probing or
manipulating by closed reduction for major dislocations or
fractures, or otherwise altering by any mechanical, thermal, light-
based, electromagnetic or chemical means.
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 16
SECTION 2. This act shall become effective November 1, 2023.
ENR. H. B. NO. 1987 Page 17
Passed the House of Representatives the 23rd day of March, 2023.
Presiding Officer of the House
of Representatives
Passed the Senate the 25th day of April, 2023.
Presiding Officer of the Senate
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
Received by the Office of the Governor this ____________________
day of ___________________, 20___ ____, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
By: _________________________________
Approved by the Governor of the State of Oklahoma this _____ ____
day of ___________________, 20_______, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
_________________________________
Governor of the State of Oklahoma
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
Received by the Office of the Secretary of State this __________
day of ___________________, 20_______, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
By: _________________________________