Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'licensing authority'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources May 12th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I know that a lot of the drivers are not properly licensed. A lot of the drivers, they know...
Just like in Texas, it's on your driver's license.
- ...and CDL driver's license holders.
- So we've been finding out that they weren't licensed.
- are licensed to export fuel.
Keywords:
LP-gas, property owner notice, natural resources, gas installations, safety notification, HB2, SB2949, fuel regulations, gas facilities, Texas-Mexico border, public safety, illegal fuel operations
Summary:
The meeting featured robust discussions surrounding several bills, particularly focusing on HB2 and SB2949, which aim to establish better regulations for gas facilities and address concerns over fuel transportation. Representative Rosenthal introduced HB2, explaining its intent to improve protocols for gas installations, and shared a personal account of safety concerns that arose from similar incidents in his area. SB2949 was discussed with emphasis on curbing illegal fuel operations while protecting legitimate trade across the Texas-Mexico border. The bill drew attention due to a rise in fuel-related crimes and the need for effective tracking of fuel movements. Both bills left pending, highlighting the committee's commitment to revisiting and refining the proposed measures.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Of course, we had the launch of the public license lookup
- >
You can now look up any officer and the status of their license
- holder department file to any other agency or person requesting information relating to the license
- Section D, a law enforcement agency hiring a license holder
- Any letter, memorandum, or document relating to alleged misconduct by the license holder.
Keywords:
sex designation, privacy rights, public facilities, civil penalties, gender-specific spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, employee misconduct, department file, personnel records, confidentiality, SB14, police accountability, transparency, misconduct records, public trust, civil rights, community relations
Summary:
The meeting centered on a heated discussion regarding SB14, which proposed changes to how police misconduct records are managed and accessed. Numerous witnesses, including representatives from civil rights organizations and concerned citizens, expressed strong opposition to the bill, arguing that it would significantly reduce transparency and accountability within law enforcement agencies. Testimonies highlighted historical failures in police accountability and emphasized the importance of public access to misconduct records to restore community trust. The committee received both emotional appeals and expert opinions, painting a vivid picture of the potential negative impacts of the proposed legislation on police-community relations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm with the Texas Department of Public Safety, Driver License Division.
- A little over 1,600,000 were done in a driver license office.
- All of those answers are exactly the same as what we provide in the driver license office.
- This ensures that everyone who checks knows we don't consider that person licensed.
- So everybody who checks knows we don't consider that person licensed.
Keywords:
election integrity, Senate Bill 924, polling locations, worker recruitment, election security, 2024 elections, voter confidence
Summary:
The House Committee on Elections convened a session to evaluate recent legislative changes and their implications on the electoral process. A key focus was on enhancing election integrity and procedures, including discussions about Senate Bill 924, which aims to address challenges related to polling locations and worker recruitment in Texas counties. Various members acknowledged the crucial role local election officials play in implementing reforms and managing elections amidst growing scrutiny and challenges such as natural disasters and security threats. The session highlighted the resilience and coordination efforts of election officials across the state.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- licensing them?
- Are y'all asking us to consider maybe licensing them?
- Are you all asking us to consider maybe licensing them?
- Are you all asking us to consider maybe licensing them?
- Are you all asking us to consider maybe licensing them?
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, health services, maternal health, recovery housing, behavioral health, intellectual disabilities, funding requests
Summary:
The meeting focused on public testimony regarding key health and human services issues affecting various groups in Texas. Notable discussions included funding requests for recovery housing, maternal health programs, and behavioral health services. Testimonies addressed the urgent need for additional resources to improve recovery housing availability, with advocates pushing for an increase in the number of accredited recovery homes and mentioning that Texas currently ranks low in recovery housing access. Similar testimonies highlighted the rising maternal mortality rates, particularly among minority populations, and the necessity for robust funding for maternal health initiatives. The session also saw voices advocating for better support for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, emphasizing the critical need for transformed waiver services and improved provider accountability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Aug 5th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
House Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- For enforcement, the bill authorizes the Attorney General...
- This license will be issued by TDEM, and HB 1 gives TDEM the authority to conduct background checks on
- licensed in this situation.
- Others, maybe not, but until the other licensed certified...
- Now, we need to authorize your agency to be able to do that.
Keywords:
emergency management, communication, interoperability, grant program, local governments, first responders, Texas Interoperability Council, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training program, volunteer management, criminal history check, emergency communication, funding, comptroller, public safety, infrastructure, flood disaster
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on disaster preparedness and management strategies in response to recent catastrophic events in Texas, particularly concerning House Bills related to flood response and communication infrastructure. Notably, House Bill 19 was introduced to mandate that campgrounds in flood-prone areas develop actionable flood plans to ensure safety during emergencies. Stakeholders voiced strong support for the bill, emphasizing its importance for child safety in recreational areas. Additionally, House Bill 18 aimed at improving emergency communication systems received considerable attention, as members raised concerns about the need for efficient and interoperable communication during disasters. Similar themes of ensuring preparedness and safeguarding communities were echoed throughout the discussions, with experts and witnesses providing impactful testimony on the challenges confronted during recent flooding incidents in Kerr County.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Finance (Part I) Mar 12th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="73" data-time="432">Page 31: Technical adjustments for, sorry, Texas Public Finance Authority
- Page 32, item number six: Rider, excuse me, Unexpended Balance Authority
- for Ames Licensing and support.
- Part A was adopted at $7.1 million to provide 399 FTEs for remote driver license issuance.
- Under item number E for occupational licensing, there was
Keywords:
budget adjustments, salary increase, public defender, Senate Bill 9, workforce optimization
Summary:
The committee also reviewed workforce optimization projects and critical capital improvements, underscoring the importance of maintaining and enhancing state infrastructure. A work group revision related to Senate Bill 9 was adopted, further demonstrating the committee's proactive approach to addressing fiscal responsibilities and ensuring effective allocation of state resources. The meeting concluded with an overview of adopted items and a commitment to continue enhancing services for the public.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Senate Select Committee on Disaster Preparedness and Flooding Aug 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- They will be licensed from...
- I taught her to obey orders and authority.
- So, the way that it works is that we have two different kinds of licenses: we have new licenses, and
- those licensees require a pre-license inspection.
- Once the new camp meets their pre-license inspection, then we give them an approved license within 30
Keywords:
SB1, youth camp safety, flooding, testimony, reforms, emergency plans, Camp Mystic, fatalities
Summary:
The meeting focused on discussion around SB1, addressing safety reforms in youth camps in light of a tragic flooding incident that resulted in multiple fatalities. The committee heard testimony from various stakeholders, including family members of the victims, who shared heartfelt stories and the urgent need for reforms to ensure that such a tragedy would not happen again. The testimonies highlighted the importance of establishing better safety measures, including evacuation plans and compliance with new safety regulations. Senator Perry emphasized that the bill aims to create objective standards that protect children attending camps, prompting a strong emotional response from attendees as they reflected on the lives lost during the flash floods.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- >
In 2019, the Legislature passed House Bill 2624, which authorized
- Assay misdemeanors for, one, the authority responsible for
And for an election commits an offense if the authority
A licensed authorized charitable bingo organization is
- licenses, and those who don't attain licenses are still criminalized.
Keywords:
low-THC cannabis, dispensing organization, Texas Compassionate-Use Program, medical use, patient access, registration, healthcare, legislation, credit card fraud, debit card fraud, prosecution, illegal possession, state law, political contributions, address privacy, Texas Ethics Commission, election transparency, campaign finance, election supplies, ballots
Summary:
The meeting of the State Affairs Committee focused on several significant bills, notably HB4145, HB2820, and HB4157, which address healthcare billing practices, charitable bingo operations, and protections for employees in the commercial spaceflight industry, respectively. Each bill received attention from members of the committee, with public testimony highlighting both support and concern among stakeholders. For instance, testimony on HB4145 underscored the importance of timely healthcare billing to prevent patient financial distress, while discussions surrounding HB2820 illuminated the challenges charities face in maintaining sufficient reserves amidst outdated regulations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The author has requested it go to local, so the chair
- We heard previously relating to the provision of adoption costs and information by a licensed child placing
- Without a license creating a criminal offense, we did talk,
- ...must also be licensed or registered by the state, even
- These kinship placements are not licensed.
Bills:
HB2646, HB3941, HB5153, HB5155, HB5394, HB1106, HB426, HB4529, HB3984, HB4273, HB1097, HB3940, HB1941, HB4377, HB3153
Keywords:
child care, task force, high-quality care, affordability, prekindergarten partnerships, foster care, transitional living, Medicaid reform, youth assistance, independent living, services for youth, employment training, educational support, mental health services, health care, public health, child health program, reimbursement, local health entities, maternal health
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several key bills related to health care and adoption services, with a significant emphasis on fostering care systems. Vice Chair Emanuel presented bills that aimed to streamline reporting requirements for the HHSC, while Representative Slauson's bill on voluntary adoption registries prompted a discussion on improving access and procedures within the child welfare system. Each bill was generally met with favorable votes, indicating strong bipartisan support for these initiatives. The committee heard testimonies from various stakeholders who voiced the importance of these legislative efforts in enhancing the quality of life for children and families involved in the welfare system. Notably, the committee also tackled the issue of Medicaid services and accessibility for children needing medical equipment like baby helmets, which have been a burden for many low-income families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) May 1st, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The Attorney General is given authority through the..
- authority, would have the ability to examine these practices.
- The Chair lays out Senate Bill 229 and recognizes the author, Senator West, to explain.
- The driver's license is also what we use...
- So is it going to be going to their home or to the address on their driver's license?
Bills:
HB12, HB149, SB229, SB1361, SB1749, SB1897, SB2113, SB2566, SB2677, SB1652, SB2327, SB2344, SB2696
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, regulation, biometric data, ethical AI, consumer protection, AI governance, automobile sales, consumer protection, finance, retail seller, motor vehicle purchase, motor vehicle sales, consumer protection, pricing restrictions, retail seller, third-party financing, education, funding, student assessment, accountability
Summary:
The committee meeting focused heavily on the discussion surrounding HB149, an act aimed at establishing a comprehensive framework for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Texas. The bill seeks to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed in a manner that is both innovative and responsible, addressing potential harms while protecting individual rights and privacy. Chairman Schwartner led the conversations, emphasizing the importance of balancing regulatory measures with the need for technological advancement. Several stakeholders, including legal experts and industry representatives, provided testimony in support of the bill, praising its potential to position Texas as a leader in AI governance. Public testimony reflected a mixture of support and caution, with some witnesses advocating for greater accountability and regulatory oversight to mitigate risks associated with AI systems.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Aug 22nd, 2025 at 10:08 am
House Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Camera footage only authorizes disclosures.
- And the only person that's really authorized, unless it's
- But the chief of police has to authorize the release of those already.
- And the other authorizes release.
- They license that officer? Yes, sir.
Bills:
SB15
Keywords:
law enforcement, department file, employee records, misconduct, confidentiality, Texas occupations code, SB15, law enforcement, transparency, public accountability, misconduct, Uvalde shooting, confidentiality
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around the discussion of SB15, which aims to standardize record-keeping protocols for law enforcement agencies across the state. It received a mixed reception from committee members and witnesses, with significant concern raised regarding its potential to obscure misconduct and limit public transparency. Public testimony included strong dissent from individuals and organizations advocating for greater accountability in policing, who argued that the bill could enable law enforcement agencies to suppress critical information under the guise of confidentiality. Significant dialogue pertained to the implications of the bill in light of recent events that highlighted the need for transparency in police conduct, particularly in controversial cases such as the Uvalde school shooting. Ultimately, the bill was passed out of committee with minimal opposition.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 6th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
H.B. 918 by Schofield, relating to the authority of
H.B. 954 by Spiller, relating to the authority of a
H.B. 964, relating to the use of automatic license
H.B. 980 by Wilson, relating to the authority of a
H.B. 980 by Wilson, relating to the authority of a
Bills:
HCR21, HCR22, HCR23, HCR24, HCR25, HCR26, HCR27, HCR31, HCR41, HCR42, HCR43, HCR44, HCR45, HCR52, HCR53, HCR66, HCR67, HCR73, HR8, HR10, HR13, HR20, HR21, HR50, HR59, HR61, HR71, HR74, HR79, HR84, HR86, HR90, HR91, HR102, HR103, HR107, HR113, HR125, HR126, HR132, HR142, HR145, HR149, HR150, HR152, HR167, HR179, HR181, HR183, HR186, HR192, HR196, HR199, HR207, HR211, HR212, HR213, HR216, HR249, HR256, HR259, HR261, HR263, HR272, HR281, HR285, HR294, HR295, HR300, HR305, HR311, HR313, HR315, HR316, HR323, HR331, HR339, HR340, HR346, HR349, HR352, HR357, HR358, HR360, HR363, HR374, HR377, HCR20, HCR28, HCR30, HCR32, HCR49, HR14, HR15, HR19, HR23, HR24, HR25, HR26, HR27, HR29, HR47, HR48, HR55, HR56, HR66, HR85, HR92, HR93, HR95, HR96, HR140, HR155, HR164, HR204, HR241, HR242, HR250, HR253, HR260, HR262, HR265, HR279, HR310, HR312, HR328, HR332, HR359, HR362, HR367
Keywords:
recognition, award, petroleum industry, leadership, community service, retirement, education, museum, leadership, community service, recognition, award, oil and gas industry, contribution, engineering, Midland Festival Ballet, cultural recognition, dance education, celebration, West Texas arts
Summary:
The meeting focused on celebrating Jim Wells County Day at the Capitol, where various dignitaries from the county, including Judge Pete Trevino and County Commissioners were present. Representative Lozano took the floor to explain the significance of Jim Wells County, highlighting its historical importance, particularly as a once-thriving oil boom town and its cultural contributions, such as Tejano music. The discussion praised ongoing economic development efforts and future plans for water resource management through desalinization initiatives.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 24th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- relating to the change of name and sex for certain persons in the records of associated birth and authorizing
HB 3483 by Terry Canales relates to the authority of
- the Lower Colorado River Authority to issue permits for certain quarries and mines, for the Committee
HB 3484 by Vikki Goodwin relates to the authority of
- Dalton relates to the authority of the governing board of certain state institutions.
Summary:
In the recent committee meeting, a wide array of bills were discussed, including significant topics such as education reforms, public health initiatives, and environmental regulations. Members engaged in a robust discussion regarding HB3478, which relates to definitions of child abuse and neglect, where concerns were raised about the implications for vulnerable children. Additionally, HB3487 sparked debate over tax collection practices that affect restaurant owners involved in oyster shell recycling programs, highlighting the balance between environmental sustainability and business concerns.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We license over 900,000 agents and adjusters, and our market
Next, I'd like to highlight our regulatory authority
- TDI has limited authority over surplus lines and risk retention groups, and we do not regulate.
- A surplus lines agent must make a diligent effort to obtain the insurance from an insurer authorized
- ...insurance plans have sought new licenses in Texas?
Summary:
The meeting involved extensive discussions on various topics, although specific bills or motions were not highlighted. The members engaged in a dialogue surrounding the financial aspects of policies under review, particularly referencing rate components and reserves. Questions were raised regarding the allocation of premiums and the implications for future budgets, but no concrete resolutions were made. The Chair, after guiding the discussion, indicated the conclusion of the agenda and called for any additional business before moving to adjourn.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- > The chair lays out Senate Bill 2254 and It welcomes its author
Members of the committee, any questions for the author
- Its author, our colleague Senator Hall, to explain the measure
- For those who haven't met me or know me, I am a licensed...
- They denied an open meeting, claiming that they did not have the authority at that time.
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs held a comprehensive meeting focused on several noteworthy bills, particularly those related to the Texas Lottery Commission and foreign adversaries. Discussions were led by various members, including Senator Hall, who expressed serious concerns regarding the legality and integrity of practices within the Lottery Commission, alleging that it has enabled a series of fraudulent activities. Testimonies were heard from stakeholders advocating for House Bill 130, aimed at protecting Texans' genetic information from foreign access. The committee also reviewed House Bills 119 and 581, which tackle transparency in dealings with lobbyists connected to foreign adversaries and address child safety against evolving technological threats, including deepfake technology, respectively. The atmosphere was engaging, with active participation from both committee members and witnesses from various organizations arguing for or against the proposed legislation.
The meeting concluded with gratitude expressed towards the committee staff for their efforts in facilitating a productive session, acknowledging both the importance of the issues at hand and the various testimonies provided. The members agreed on the significance of regulating the Lottery Commission more effectively and ensuring the protection of Texans from potentially harmful external influences. All bills were left pending for further discussion and refinement in future meetings.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 21st, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- and co-authors for House Bill 2 who signed on to HB2 before.
- authorizing...
- The amendment is acceptable to the authors.
- and authorizing fees.
- ...sponsors for SB5, all joint authors and co-authors for
Keywords:
youth camp, emergency preparedness, safety standards, regulation, civil penalties, emergency communication, public safety, interoperability, Texas Interoperability Council, grant program, emergency communication, broadband, funding, natural disasters, technology, disaster relief, emergency communication, fraud prevention, legislation, public safety
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion and passage of several key bills, including SB5, which pertains to supplemental appropriations for disaster relief. This bill was passed unanimously, highlighting the committee's commitment to addressing disaster preparedness. HB20, aimed at reducing fraudulent charitable solicitations during disasters, also saw significant debate, with positive sentiments expressed by its sponsor, Mr. Darby. Additionally, HB22, which expands the authority of the comptroller to fund emergency communication systems, was passed with overwhelming support, indicating a consensus on improving emergency response capabilities within the state. The session concluded with discussions about future legislative measures aimed at strengthening infrastructure against disasters.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human ServicesAudio only. Mar 27th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="19">The chair lays out the committee substitute for Senate Bill 268 and recognizes its author
- In response to some stakeholder concerns, we added Section C that says this does not preclude a licensing
- entity from taking disciplinary action against a healthcare professional's license, but it's dual.
If you're dual licensed, we want to clarify that basically
- The chair recognizes its author, Senator Miles, to explain
Keywords:
Senate Committee, Health and Human Services, SB731, SB732, SB1589, SB397, SB1188, compliance period, public testimony
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Health and Human Services met to discuss multiple bills, notably including SB731, SB732, SB1589, SB397, and SB1188. Senator Miles explained amendments to SB732, detailing that the bill now allows existing buildings a five-year compliance period, and emphasized that it is not retroactive. Senator Cook moved the adoption of the community substitute to SB732, which passed without objection. SB1589 was also favorably reported and recommended for a local calendar, while SB397 faced a similar fate with unanimous support from committee members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 30th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- ...authority, integrates local and county law enforcement
- The sheriff would have to approve it, the constable would have to approve it, whoever you're licensed
- Curtailing the authority...
- Are you a licensed peace officer?
- TCOLE is our licensing agency, so I would urge you to talk to them.
Bills:
HB1065, HB2929, HB2956, HB3009, HB3420, HB3626, HB3649, HB4956, HB4993, HB5293, HB5308, HB5528, HCR118, SB36, HB4023
Keywords:
employee classification, private security, misclassification, workforce regulations, Texas Workforce Commission, autism, peace officers, training program, law enforcement, intervention, communication, developmental disability, family violence, central database, criminal offense, registration, law enforcement, public safety, violent offenses, criminal database
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to discuss various issues pertinent to recent legislative proposals. Notably, several bills were reviewed and debated, with members expressing differing opinions on their implications and potential impact on the community. Discussions ranged from public safety measures to resource allocation, reflecting the committee's broad mandate and the importance of legislative oversight. Engaging testimonies from citizens and stakeholders underscored the significance of the proposed legislation, bringing personal perspectives and expert opinions into the dialogue.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- to carry a handgun, is issued that license for an initial period of four years.
- A renewed license is valid for five years.
- However, if a licensed handgun owner forgets to renew their license...
- Senate Bill 3070, and recognizes its author, Senator Hall.
- Ticket purchases will only be made in person at licensed retail stores.
Keywords:
deep fake, social media, user reports, deceptive trade practices, online safety, election administration, deepfake material, gun license grace period, lottery regulations, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical pieces of legislation including HB677, HB3133, HB668, SB2819, and SB3070. Notably, HB677 prohibits county election administrators from holding other appointed positions while serving in their role, with no public testimony registered against it, leading to its pending status. Conversely, HB3133, which addresses the issue of explicit deep fake material on social media, drew significant attention but was left pending without public testimony as well. The discussion of HB668 included provisions for a one-year grace period for licensed handgun owners after expiration, a relatively straightforward bill that also registered no public testimony. Meanwhile, SB2819, a companion to HB677, emphasizes the strict regulations surrounding election administration, seeking to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest. Lastly, SB3070 sparked conversations about lottery regulations and transparency in operations, prompting discussions around its implications and garnering witness testimonies in favor of the bill.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 2nd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, any other questions for the bill's author?
- Members, any questions for the bill's author?
Members, any questions for the bill's author?
- For example, the highways and the license plates keep getting added.
- Members, are there any questions for the bill's author?
Bills:
HB1181, HB3704, HB1363, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB3223, HB1317, HB2884, HB2176, HB4027, HB1664, HB933, HB2613, HB3353, HB2086, HB4101, HB3441, HB4145, HB3455
Keywords:
judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, criminal procedure, inquest, justice of the peace, medical examiner, family violence, autopsy, law enforcement, death investigation, water
Summary:
The Committee on Judiciary and Civil Justice held a meeting focusing on several legislative bills that address implicit bias in the judicial system. A major highlight was House Bill 1363, which seeks to implement mandatory bias training for judges to ensure fairer judicial outcomes and enhance public trust in the system. This discussion included testimony from various stakeholders who articulated the significance of addressing unconscious biases that could affect judicial decisions. There was considerable debate about the effectiveness and required duration of the training, with suggestions for extending the training frequency from two years to annually to ensure continual awareness and education amongst judges.