Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'franchise tax credit'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships May 5th, 2025 at 02:05 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill ensures that a father receives credit for any expenses
- children from fulfilling the wishes of their late parents, restrict their ability to claim property tax
Keywords:
judicial bond, guardianship, probate law, county judge, statutory county court, estates, inheritance, representative duties, court authority, personal representative, retroactive child support, parentage, genetic testing, family code, child's conception, guardianship, incapacitated persons, court proceedings, guardianship fees, estate management
Summary:
The meeting of the Subcommittee on Family and Fiduciary Relationships focused on a range of bills concerning child support, child welfare, and probate law. Notable discussions included HB1980, which aims to require fathers to provide financial support from the moment of conception. This bill was presented by Representative Hicklin, who highlighted the economic challenges faced by single mothers and the importance of ensuring paternal responsibility. Public testimonies were received both in favor and against this bill, including criticisms about the fairness of imposing retroactive child support. The committee members expressed varied opinions, leading to a nuanced debate about the implications of the bill on family dynamics and economic responsibilities .
Other bills discussed included SB1923, which allows child support payments to follow the child to non-parent caregivers, thus aiming to better serve children in kinship care situations. This bill was supported by advocates highlighting the financial strain on kinship caregivers without custody. Additionally, HB5642 addressed clouded titles in real estate and the importance of providing clear information to homebuyers regarding estate planning. Overall, the meeting was productive and well-attended, with substantial participation from committee members and the public.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Education K-16 Mar 4th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- She's currently in high school at Texas Online Preparatory School while also taking college dual credit
- Rex, we didn't get into this, but you do have dual credit
- However, since I am doing dual credit and trying to get my associate's degree while I'm still in high
- and kickstart my journey, which is something I want to do throughout my education—really build up credits
- It makes no sense to put tax dollars at risk at a time when public schools are struggling for the funds
Keywords:
virtual education, Senate Bill 569, public testimony, educational accessibility, student needs, flexible learning
Summary:
The Senate Education Committee meeting addressed several bills aimed at enhancing educational opportunities in Texas, notably focusing on virtual education and its implications. Senate Bill 569, introduced by Senator Betancourt, garnered considerable support, emphasizing the need for accessible high-quality virtual education. The committee heard public testimony from various stakeholders, including educators and students, who highlighted the significance of flexible learning environments in meeting diverse student needs. Key testimonies underscored that virtual education is not just beneficial for struggling learners but also advantageous for high-achieving students seeking more flexibility in their academic pursuits.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 27th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
OK, so this is only— this is the crediting of money
- This says that the money that comes in from those contracts will be credited to their office and doesn't
- data-time="16110">Without amendment, the amendment ensures that the money from the contract itself gets credited
- that does the contract, whether it's the constable or the sheriff, and makes sure that the money's credited
- You already pay your taxes for a constable to patrol your neighborhoods, but Bills: HB25, HB48, HB149, HB254, HB26, HB192, HCR3, HCR4, HCR5, HCR6, HCR8, HCR14, HCR16, HR1, HR2, HR3, HR4, HR6, HR7, HR8, HR9, HR12, HR11, HR13, HR14, HR15, HR16, HR20, HR22, HR23, HR24, HR25, HR26, HR27, HR28, HR29, HR30, HR31, HR32, HR33, HR45, HR48, HR49, HR51, HR52, HR55, HR56, HR57, HR59, HR60, HR61, HR62, HR63, HR64, HR65, HR66, HR70, HR71, HR72, HR74, HCR2, HCR7, HR10, HR21, HR35, HR36, HR37, HR38, HR39, HR40, HR42, HR43, HR44, HR46, HR47, HR50, HR53, HR54, HR67, HR69, HR75
Keywords:
ivermectin, pharmacist authority, prescription-free, healthcare regulation, patient access, public safety, communication, governor approval, interoperability, political subdivision, radio systems, education, funding, school districts, equity, resources, retirement, judge, Brazoria County, probate court
Summary:
The meeting included significant discussions on several bills, with a notably vibrant debate around HB25, which seeks to authorize pharmacists to dispense ivermectin without prescription. Supporters highlighted the potential benefits for rural communities by improving access to affordable medications, while opponents raised concerns around safety and the implications of over-the-counter availability. Following extensive discussion, HB25 ultimately passed with a vote of 88 ayes to 51 nays. Additionally, HB192 and HB254 were discussed, both of which passed with strong support, marking a productive session for those advocating for the modernization of public health and infrastructure funding.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Charter schools can get a bond for their building, but they can't levy taxes.
- Taxes, so that's why the facilities funding allocation is
- ="343" data-time="2052">Well, the facilities funding exists because the charter schools can't levy taxes
- With college credit, credentials of value, or both, setting
- I cannot tax or call a bond vote in order to address our facility needs.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, HB2, public education, special education funding, pre-K eligibility, teacher compensation
Summary:
The meeting focused prominently on the discussions surrounding HB2, which entails significant investments in public education and aims to reform funding mechanisms to better support students and teachers. Multiple stakeholders, including educators and policymakers, conveyed their support while also voicing concerns about the bill's potential shortcomings. Witnesses discussed the urgent need for increased funding for special education and the necessity of expanding pre-K eligibility for students with disabilities. The testimony highlighted the historical context of the funding model and emphasized the importance of creating equitable solutions for all public school districts.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Our business-friendly tax and regulatory environment
- data-time="360"> The committee substitute allows for investment earnings and interest awarded on amounts credited
- changes in the committee substitute allow for investment earnings and interest earned on amounts credited
Keywords:
dementia, research institute, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, funding, grants, state health initiatives, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, research funding, state budget, prevention, healthcare, medical research, Dementia Prevention and Research Institute, dementia, Alzheimer's, SB5, SJR3
Summary:
The meeting focused on important legislative considerations surrounding dementia and healthcare funding in Texas. Discussions were centered on SB5 and SJR3, which aim to establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (DPRIT) and enhance funding for dementia research and prevention efforts. Senators highlighted the urgency of addressing the growing prevalence of dementia, emphasizing that nearly half of nursing home residents suffer from Alzheimer's or other related disorders. Public testimonies from experts and advocates underscored the need for research funding and the dire need for comprehensive care that could affect millions of Texans.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education Mar 5th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- But is still earning dual credit.
- It would be dual credit whether it's the local community college or TSTC.
- The home campus where the child resides would receive the credit and the funding for the CTE program.
- If they are enrolled in generally dual credit, it's possible they might get two grades, a high...
- If they are enrolled in generally dual credit, it's possible they might get two grades.
Keywords:
applied sciences, career education, high school diploma, certificate program, work-based learning, job placement, high-growth jobs, technical training, career readiness, education reform, workforce training, public schools, financial aid, career and technical education, House Bill 120, House Bill 112, guidance counselors, funding, rural education, artificial intelligence
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant discussions surrounding career and technical education, particularly in relation to House Bills 120 and 112. Various representatives and experts testified on the importance of enhancing CTE accessibility for students, especially those in economically disadvantaged and rural areas. Notably, there was strong advocacy for integrating current job market needs into curriculum offerings, including emerging fields like artificial intelligence. The committee heard passionate arguments about the need for better funding for guidance counselors and CTE programs to prepare students for high-demand jobs, while ensuring they can earn post-secondary credits.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Its use of tax dollars to make direct subsidies to private
- The Energy Information Administration doesn't include tax
- credits in these estimates.
- The tax investment and others... and I think some people
Keywords:
licensing, reciprocity, regulation, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, interstate agreements, nuclear energy, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, electric utilities, priority facilities, public safety, disaster response, emergency management, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations
Summary:
The meeting was a thorough exploration of multiple bills, most notably focused on innovative energy solutions and public safety enhancements. Key discussions centered around HB14, which aims to bolster the state's nuclear energy capabilities through the establishment of a Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office. Senators and expert witnesses discussed the potential of nuclear power as a clean energy source and a strategic necessity for Texas's growth. There was strong support for the bill, with various stakeholders highlighting its importance for the future energy landscape. Additionally, other bills like HB132 addressed the need for enhanced confidentiality protections regarding sensitive information, while HB1584 sought improvements in power restoration procedures during emergencies. Overall, the committee engaged with multiple viewpoints, balancing innovation with safety and ethical considerations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- cities to purchase packaged liquor, causing Garland to lose approximately $500,000 annually in sales tax
- It's just beverage alcohol that's on the airplane itself, with no changes to any taxes and no new permits
- is no different than what we talk about the CCP doing, for heaven's sake, right, with the social credit
Keywords:
minors, sexually explicit materials, public libraries, age verification, civil penalties, library collection review, alcohol storage, airline permits, beverage regulations, airport, commercial flights, alcoholic beverages, local option election, zoning regulations, municipality control, land use, state law, social media, bot accounts, misinformation
Summary:
The meeting focused on several legislative measures concerning alcoholic beverages, ethics, and the protection of free speech. Notable discussions included the presentation of Senate Bill 2633, which aims to modernize the framework for alcohol sales in local communities and allow local option elections within designated zones. Additionally, Senate Bill 2713 garnered significant attention, addressing ideological discrimination in professional associations based on political beliefs, urging a need for greater protection of free speech in Texas. Public witnesses provided testimony, with a mix of support and concerns regarding various bills, indicating a vibrant discourse among committee members and the public.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine reforming SBIR-STTR for the 21st century. Mar 5th, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- jurisdiction of this committee, but it's to preserve research and development deductions through the tax
- businesses and frankly for emerging high-growth potential businesses pre-profitability, to offer them an R&D tax
- credit.
Keywords:
SBIR, STTR, Innovate Act, small business, innovation, legislative reforms, economic growth, funding, technology transfer
Summary:
The meeting focused on the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Programs (SBIR-STTR), emphasizing the critical reforms necessary to enhance their effectiveness. Chair Ernst introduced the Innovate Act to streamline processes, ensuring funding is awarded based on merit and addressing existing abuses within the system. The discussion was robust, with numerous members expressing concerns about phase transitions and the need for targeted funding to support impactful technological innovations. The conversation also highlighted the program's importance in fostering economic growth, particularly for small businesses in rural areas, and the urgency for legislative changes as the program's authorization approaches expiration.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- " data-time="2538"> language that empowers the agency to pursue a short-form application to allow a tax
- what y'all are saying, and I'm deciphering all this inflation in other areas, such as your property tax
- , unemployment taxes, and some employee benefits.
- I'm trying to parse that out, and you know, obviously, property taxes are a huge driver.
- The last time that tax was increased was 41 years ago, so if I go...
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, mental health funding, children's services, family preservation, food insecurity, community support, testimonies, legislative action
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical issues, primarily surrounding funding for mental health services in Texas. Various stakeholders, including representatives from mental health organizations and community service providers, provided testimonies advocating for increased investments in mental health resources, particularly for children's mental health initiatives and support systems. One prominent discussion was around the need for family preservation funding to maintain support for families in crisis. The evidence presented highlighted an alarming rise in food insecurity, which underscored the necessity of legislative action to protect vulnerable populations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- With tax dollars, we want you to eat healthy.
- So I am limited to only capturing costs for true depreciation, mortgage interest, and property tax.
- Tax with zero markup.
- As part of your reallocation process, I'm assuming you would go pull a property tax record.
- I gave him my credit card and set him loose.
Keywords:
special education, funding, individualized education program, visual impairments, accessibility, support services, state education code, special education, funding, emergency preparedness, SB568, SB57, student safety, service intensity model, early intervention, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around special education funding and safety provisions for children with disabilities. Key discussions were led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the transformative potential of SB568, which proposes a transition to an eight-tier service intensity funding model. This model is designed to better accommodate the needs of special education students, ensuring they receive the necessary services tailored to their unique requirements. The bill received strong support from stakeholders and included testimony from educators and advocates highlighting the importance of early intervention and the need for ongoing funding support.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Mar 11th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
However, we must recognize that these funds are tax
- ...We want you to be healthy with the use of tax dollars,
- I'm limited to only capturing costs for true depreciation, mortgage interest, and property tax.
- tax with zero markup.
- I gave him my credit card and set him loose.
Summary:
The meeting of the committee primarily focused on several significant bills aimed at enhancing accountability and transparency within Texas's Medicaid and long-term care systems. Notably, SB457 seeks to ensure that a substantial portion of Medicaid funds is allocated directly to patient care in nursing facilities, addressing concerns about the misuse of taxpayer dollars. Various testimonies were provided from key stakeholders, highlighting the ongoing challenges faced by nursing homes and the pressing need for reform. Notably, AARP Texas endorsed SB457, emphasizing the critical need for improvements in care quality, especially in light of staffing shortages and neglect issues prevalent in some facilities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education May 13th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
What we're asking is that you take their dual credit
- I've worked in higher education for over 25 years, of which the past 17 have been in dual credit.
- Even a few college credits earned in high school significantly increase students' chances of success.
- Dual credit deserves equal recognition. These are real college courses taught by college faculty.
- It should be the same for the dual credit classes.
Keywords:
parental rights, education, social transitioning, diversity, equity, inclusion, school policy, student clubs, residency, public schools, child safety placement, enrollment, education code, school boards, transparency, public meetings, attendance, recording, grade point average, education
Summary:
This meeting primarily focused on the discussions surrounding SB12 and SB1191. SB12, which relates to parental rights and public education, was met with significant opposition from various witnesses who expressed concerns over its provisions related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in schools. Testimonies from educators, parents, and students highlighted the bill's potential to censor important discussions about race, gender identity, and systemic inequalities, which they believe are essential for a well-rounded education. The committee allowed ample public testimony, where individuals articulated both support and opposition to the bill, indicating the contentious atmosphere surrounding educational policy in Texas. Similarly, SB1191 aimed at standardizing GPA calculations for high school students, received explanations from sponsors, but did not escape scrutiny as members questioned its implementation impact across districts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Licensing & Administrative Procedures Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- They pay taxes, follow local rules, and provide secure, well-regulated environments.
- Geren, you mentioned the tax revenue the state gets from these.
- So they're paying the alcoholic beverage taxes as well?
- The taxes and equipment costs are just significant.
- It does not change the tax on spirit-based RTDs or any other spirits-based product.
Bills:
HB679, HB1764, HB1788, HB2186, HB2204, HB2418, HB2885, HB2983, HB2996, HB3250, HB3352, HB3756, HB3816, HB3913, HB3928, HB4077
Keywords:
environment, regulation, land use, public health, community development, alcohol, Sunday sales, local option election, Texas, business hours, alcohol sales, local option election, Sunday sales, liquor, off-premise consumption, Sunday sales, liquor, local option election, alcoholic beverages, off-premise consumption
Summary:
The meeting was marked by thorough discussions regarding several pivotal bills aimed at addressing safety and regulatory reforms within various sectors. Notably, House Bill 3352 was a focal point, where industry representatives highlighted the urgent need for enhanced driver safety training in work zones due to a rise in fatalities. Supporters argued that including work zone safety in driver education programs could significantly improve awareness and reduce accidents. Additionally, House Bill 2186 drew scrutiny from small business owners who expressed concerns about the regulatory burden it would impose on electricians and the potential impact on employment within the industry. Despite the commitment to improve safety, stakeholders warned of unintended consequences that could affect operational viability for non-signatory firms.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Senate Select Committee on Disaster Preparedness and Flooding Aug 8th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- of Texas whose river authorities don't have $3 million in their reserve accounts, that we don't use tax
- Specifically, it grants or requires local political subdivisions to determine a percentage as an impact fee credit
- If you come out with a 1% credit, the state will come back
- next session to determine what is an appropriate credit.
- log FEMA hours, so if you're having 17,000 volunteers show up, the hours they put in count towards credit
Keywords:
disaster response, Senate Bill 1, Senate Bill 2, flood management, water conservation, public safety, training and education, emergency management
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several critical bills related to disaster response and water conservation. Senate Bill 1, the Natural Disaster Omnibus Bill, was extensively discussed, with testimonies reflecting on recent flooding incidents in Texas. Senator Perry emphasized the need for policy solutions to prevent future tragedies following historic flooding that resulted in significant loss of life. The committee adopted the committee substitutes for both SB1 and SB13 without objection, highlighting the broad support for these initiatives aimed at water conservation and improved emergency response protocols. Additionally, members expressed the importance of training and educating officials involved in disaster management to ensure they are equipped to handle emergencies effectively.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- occupation, the inmate can also apply this work-life experience toward occupational education college credits
- Charlie, a win-win for Texas because they can come out now and be gainfully employed and help pay taxes
Bills:
HB153, HB1828, HB2306, HB2498, HB3464, HB3488, HB3636, HB3673, HB3834, HB3860, HB4120, HB4937, HB1515
Keywords:
education, funding, student resources, technology access, equal opportunity, veterans treatment court, mental health, criminal justice, rehabilitation, eligibility criteria, veterans, treatment court, military service, mental health, rehabilitation, veterans, treatment court, mental health, rehabilitation, legislation
Summary:
The Committee on Corrections convened to discuss various proposed bills aimed at enhancing the criminal justice system in Texas. Noteworthy among them was HB1760, presented by Chairman Leach, which seeks to increase the minimum imprisonment term for individuals convicted of intoxicated manslaughter. The committee voted favorably on several bills, including HB1772, which addresses the eligibility for community supervision. Public testimony highlighted community concerns around parole decisions, especially regarding violent offenders, which added emotional weight to discussions on HB2306 concerning children’s parole eligibility. Several members expressed strong sentiments advocating for stricter regulations for repeat offenders, underlining the impact of violent crime on victims' families. The meeting wrapped up with additional bills pending further discussions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Congressional Redistricting, Select Aug 1st, 2025 at 10:08 am
Transcript Highlights:
- He ran on lowering people's taxes, but in fact, he is giving the biggest tax break in American history
- He cheated on his taxes, he cheated on his business loans, he cheated on his wife.
- It is a map back to a Jim Crow past, where we had white-only primaries, voting tests, and poll taxes.
- My mother, born in 1925, lived through the poll tax, the white primary that wasn't...
- You taxed, still governed, and still silenced.
Keywords:
redistricting, HB4, congressional maps, public testimony, demographics, transparency, representation
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on congressional redistricting, centering around the discussion of HB4, a bill that aims to revise the congressional map based on population shifts and other demographic factors. Notable was Vice Chair Rosenthal's critique of the process and the lack of transparency regarding the bill's plans which he characterized as a 'rigged matter'. Multiple public hearings were conducted prior to this meeting, allowing citizens to register opinions about the congressional lines, and numerous testimonies were presented both for and against the proposed changes in the districts. The testimony revealed significant concern over how the redistricting could impact various communities and representations moving forward.
Discussions included the implications of changing demographics, and members addressed how the modifications aimed to promote fair representation while considering historical voting patterns. As the committee adjourned, there were hints of continued deliberation on the matter with members expressing intention to finalize the bill in a subsequent session. The meeting demonstrated the committee's commitment to addressing public sentiment and legislative responsibility regarding district boundaries.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Their taxes in the economy, land ownership is essential for business investment. HB 1740.
- This would reduce tax income for local schools. This bill betrays Texas's pro-business values.
- Texans rightfully expect that their hard-earned tax dollars...
So why should tax dollars...
- I pay property taxes in Randall County and Travis County.
Bills:
HB256, HB1554, HB1743, HB2308, HB2351, HB2858, HB3676, HB3784, HB4312, HB4552, HB4823, HB4852, HB5007, HB5010, HB5520, HB5524, HCR19, HB1308
Keywords:
immigration, legal services, public money, government authority, unlawfully present, foreign ownership, agricultural land, real property, arms embargo, state regulations, foreign ownership, agricultural land, property rights, national security, real estate, border security, illegal immigration, Texas Commission, migrant workers, state plan
Summary:
The meeting of the committee involved extensive discussions surrounding several bills focused on immigration, border security, and campaign finance reform. Notably, House Bill 1554 was presented to address the use of public funds for legal services for individuals unlawfully present in the U.S., sparking significant opposition from several witnesses who voiced concerns about racial discrimination and the implications for immigrant communities. Other key bills discussed included House Bill 4823, the Campaign Finance Transparency Act, which aims to enhance reporting processes for political contributions, and House Bill 3676, related to energy policy. The committee heard from various stakeholders, both in support of and against the proposed legislation, reflecting a diverse range of opinions on these critical issues.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="619" data-time="3708"> The issue is that judges often do not grant diligent participation credit
- However, TDCJ has no authority to grant the diligent participation credit.
- ...any sort of good time or diligence participation credit
- 652" data-time="3906"> ...that if somebody does what they're supposed to do, then they'll get the credit
- My question is: has the Intelligent Work Program credit not been given?
Keywords:
community supervision, repeat offenders, intoxication, Texas Penal Code, criminal justice reform, intoxication manslaughter, criminal penalties, community supervision, mandatory supervision, parole eligibility, Grayson's Law, mental health, trauma, jailers, law enforcement, occupational health, diligent participation, state jail felony, criminal justice reform, time credits
Summary:
The recent meeting of the committee primarily focused on two bills, HB1482 and HB2341, aimed at addressing public safety and rehabilitation in the context of repeat offenders, particularly in relation to intoxicated driving offenses. The discussions highlighted personal testimonies from victims' families and experts advocating for stricter accountability measures against repeat offenders. Representative Leo Wilson emphasized the necessity of such laws to prevent future tragedies stemming from intoxicated driving, citing heart-wrenching cases that have affected the community. The committee also heard contrasting views regarding the effectiveness of increased incarceration versus rehabilitation efforts for offenders, with calls for a balanced approach to ensure public safety without neglecting rehabilitation needs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 2nd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- ...costs of our numerous efforts to lower property taxes
- span>
We might do something that might cause your property tax
- You know, in fairness, I think you all do, you know, I don't think you all get enough credit.
Bills:
HB1181, HB3704, HB1363, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB3223, HB1317, HB2884, HB2176, HB4027, HB1664, HB933, HB2613, HB3353, HB2086, HB4101, HB3441, HB4145, HB3455
Keywords:
judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, criminal procedure, inquest, justice of the peace, medical examiner, family violence, autopsy, law enforcement, death investigation, water
Summary:
The Committee on Judiciary and Civil Justice held a meeting focusing on several legislative bills that address implicit bias in the judicial system. A major highlight was House Bill 1363, which seeks to implement mandatory bias training for judges to ensure fairer judicial outcomes and enhance public trust in the system. This discussion included testimony from various stakeholders who articulated the significance of addressing unconscious biases that could affect judicial decisions. There was considerable debate about the effectiveness and required duration of the training, with suggestions for extending the training frequency from two years to annually to ensure continual awareness and education amongst judges.