Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'equal protection'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Customs and Border Protection website. It gives examples of that.
- We see those same protections being curtailed, when looked at as a whole, that is.
Our most fundamental American values of equal protection
- The very views the First Amendment and the state of Texas espouse to protect.
- ...institutions and students it seeks to protect.
Bills:
SB2972, SB1909, SB2815, SB735, SB2233, SB800, SB1069, SB2683, SB2986, SB2058, SB2310, SB2055, SB1032
Keywords:
expressive activities, freedom of speech, public forum, higher education, protests, student rights, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, disciplinary policy, student organizations, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, disciplinary policy, compliance, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, institutional policy
Summary:
During the committee meeting, key issues surrounding higher education legislation were discussed, focusing on several significant bills. Notably, discussions revolved around SB2233, which mandates public institutions in Texas to prohibit non-immigrant visa holders from supporting terrorist activities. This bill raised concerns regarding free speech and potential overreach in monitoring students and faculty, with various testimonies highlighting its implications for academic freedom. The bill faced opposition from various civil rights organizations and law students who emphasized that such measures could create a chilling effect on political expression and disproportionately affect marginalized communities. In contrast, SB735 on Holocaust education received strong support, aiming to improve educational resources and awareness amid rising anti-Semitism, with calls for comprehensive training for educators. Other bills discussed included SB2683, which restricts institutional benefits from foreign entities considered to pose a national security risk, further emphasizing the tension between security concerns and academic freedom.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) Feb 18th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="144">An institutional-grade custodian ensures the security of Texas' Bitcoin holdings, protecting
- We need encryption methods in order to be properly protected.
- Everything has to be protected by this technology, which is why it's important.
- ultimately is protected. And with that, I'll be quiet.
- This bill helps address the critical issue of creating an alternate and equally rigorous pathway to CPA
Keywords:
clean up bills, licensing, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, public safety, professional integrity, massage therapy, electrician licensing
Summary:
The committee meeting included extensive discussions on a variety of bills, predominantly focusing on cleanup legislation aimed at aligning Texas laws with current practices and standards within various professional fields. Notable bills discussed included SB703, which addressed licensing consequences for massage establishments to close loopholes in existing law, and SB764, which related to improving procedures for electrician's licensing appeals. Several members expressed support for these measures, highlighting their importance in maintaining professional integrity and public safety. Public testimonies were received, offering insights and support from professionals in the fields impacted by these legislative changes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence May 20th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="19" data-time="108"> Investigations conducted by the Texas Department of Family and Protective
- This is an Austin Department of Family and Protective Services issue.
- data-time="1044"> to focus on what they do best in protecting
- This bill protects protective parents; it protects children from being caught in the middle.
- So while we're trying to protect victims of domestic violence
Keywords:
human organs, criminal penalties, physician license, medical ethics, illegal trade, prostitution, criminal offense, felony, Texas Penal Code, human trafficking, traffic safety, criminal offense, automotive control, driving regulations, Texas Transportation Code, organ trafficking, SB456, deepfakes, SB442, child custody
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence was marked by extensive discussions around various legislative bills, including measures to combat organ trafficking and address custody interference issues. Notably, SB456 aimed to impose stronger penalties on organ trafficking, with supporting testimonies emphasizing the severity of the issue, alongside a proposal to enhance existing laws on deepfake media by SB442. The committee sought to tighten the definitions and penalties surrounding these crimes, reflecting a growing urgency to safeguard vulnerable individuals in society.
Witnesses from various organizations echoed the necessity for these legislative changes, presenting evidence and arguments supporting the amendments. The session concluded with positive indications of potential legislative action, as well as plans for further meetings to review additional measures. This well-attended meeting showcased active participation from both committee members and public stakeholders, demonstrating a collective commitment to addressing these pressing legal issues.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- that hospitals who rent out scrubs and barrier gowns to doctors, nurses, and patients should receive equal
- So we have to do everything we can to protect the finite supply of freshwater.
Keywords:
hydraulic fracturing, sales tax exemption, oil and gas, environmental impact, water reuse, justice, judicial council, centers of excellence, court operations, recognition program, franchise tax, retail trade, tax classification, business regulation, economic impact, advisory entities, comptroller, public accounts, financial management, government efficiency
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several key bills including SB2873, SB2900, HJR4, SB1574, and SB2774. Senator Nichols played a prominent role in discussing and moving multiple bills forward, indicating strong bipartisan support as votes consistently showed 'aye' without any dissent in the committee. Public testimony was received during discussions of these bills, notably around HJR4, which addresses concerns from the financial sector regarding the imposition of new taxes on transactions, and SB2774, which modifies the tax definitions to better include industrial uniform rental businesses. The discussions highlighted the importance of economic implications as well as sector-specific needs and benefits, ensuring various sectors were represented in the discourse. The committee adjourned with all bills reported favorably for further consideration by the full Senate.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Apr 17th, 2025 at 09:04 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Protecting innocent life might be one of the priorities for the voters of the state of Texas.
- The people responsible for them not passing are not those of us who want to protect the honor of the
- Members, we all know that when a crisis strikes, those in trouble, with the powers and duties to protect
- It's going to protect the... It's in the forefront.
- Each of us represents a piece of this great state, and our constituents equally do.
Bills:
HB630, HB420, HB767, HB1708, HB2842, HB1404, HB2457, HB140, HB333, HB227, HB913, HB201, HB2198, HB109, HB2763, HB519, HB1261, HB1135, HB1318, HB2358, HB2415, HB2765, HB2735, HB3307, HB1373, HB694, HB1242, HB272, HB1437, HB1888, HCR78, HCR12, HCR128, HR7, HR11, HR37, HR69, HR83, HR89, HR100, HR123, HR129, HR137, HR254, HR258, HR289, HR293, HR318, HR324, HR350, HR368, HR370, HR372, HR379, HR406, HR407, HR432, HR445, HR471, HR504, HR506, HR507, HR528, HR567, HR572, HR591, HR592, HR593, HR603, HR614, HR621, HR673, HR684, HR685, HR687, HR700, HR701, HR711, HR712, HR754, HR757, HR758, HR760, HR764, HR765, HR766, HR767, HR768, HR769, HR770, HR771, HR772, HR774, HR776, HR777, HR778, HR779, HR780, HR783, HR784, HR784, HR6, HR6, HR17, HR17, HR18, HR18, HR49, HR49, HR170, HR170, HR236, HR236, HR247, HR275, HR355, HR356, HR364, HR672, HR690, HR690, HR755, HR755, HR756, HR756, HR759, HR759, HR762, HR762, HR763, HR763, HR781, HR781, HR785, HR785, SB2, SB260, SB569, HB2, HB2000, HB213, HB222, HB645, HB1458, HB1022, HB141, HB643, HB3093, HB1700, HB117
Keywords:
outboard motors, certificate of title, vessel regulation, Texas Parks and Wildlife Code, marine documentation, highway designation, memorial, Montgomery County, Paul P. Mendes, transportation, memorial highway, Kevin Ramirez Vasquez, Ector County, transportation, state designation, white-tailed deer, wildlife management, public safety, agricultural damage, population control
Summary:
The meeting of the legislative committee featured discussions on various proposed bills, focusing on issues pertinent to education, taxation, and public health. Notably, the committee addressed HB 4847 regarding the discrimination of school district tax-related information, which sparked significant debate among members. There were multiple public testimonies in favor of and against provisions within the new legislation concerning the delivery of tax notices to property owners, showcasing the diverse opinions held by stakeholders. The committee chair emphasized the importance of transparency and equity in tax communications, and members were urged to consider the implications of the proposed changes carefully.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Apr 28th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We're not here to stop progress; we're here to protect lifelines.
- out working in the most extreme and labor-intensive conditions to provide food for our families and protect
- I'm not comparing them equally in the severity of their issues, but I am comparing them in the sense
- The committee substitute promotes environmental protection by requiring that the cumulative impact of
- TCEQ needs to be accountable and protect the citizens of the state.
Keywords:
water management, environmental regulations, migrant housing, labor standards, wastewater treatment, utility rates
Summary:
The meeting was convened to discuss several pivotal bills primarily relating to water management, environmental regulations, and labor standards. Amongst key discussions, SB243 aimed to reform migrant housing penalties, transforming the flat fee structure into a more compelling model that could incite improvements in living conditions for migrant workers. Furthermore, the committee deliberated on SB2159 and SB2568, both significant for addressing water resource management in Medina County, with testimonies from local water authority representatives emphasizing the urgent need for updated legislative support amid local growth pressures. Other bills discussed included SB1891 and SB1442, which prompted lively debates regarding utility rate adjustments and environmental compliance procedures for wastewater facilities.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Corpus Christi could designate a contiguous geographic area equal in size to a three-mile radius zone
- and protecting Texas.
- I first filed the Texas Monument Protection Act in 20- 19
- That's why I'm reintroducing the Monument Protection Act this session.
- We've seen what happens when these protections aren't in place.
Keywords:
monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, project financing zone, municipal tax revenue, convention centers, multipurpose arenas, infrastructure development, hike and bike trails, outdoor recreation, environmental stewardship, Bicentennial Trail, Texas history, cultural heritage, unemployment benefits, eligibility, Texas Workforce Commission
Summary:
The meeting was marked by an extensive discussion of several bills aimed at enhancing Texas' economic landscape and infrastructure. Notably, SB2925 focused on modernizing the state's manufacturing sector by promoting automation and digital technology, which received strong support from industry representatives, emphasizing its potential job growth impact. Public testimonies reflected a consensus on the need for Texas to lead in innovation to remain competitive in the manufacturing arena. Furthermore, SB1520, which seeks to create the Texas Bicentennial Trail, also garnered significant support, particularly for its vision of connecting historical sites across Texas without resorting to private property condemnation. The committee faced a good turnout of stakeholders, which added depth to the discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...lead to equal protection challenges for excluding them
- We're protecting the rights of women and children here first.
- protected women's sports in the NCAA.
So we've protected girls' sports; we've protected
- And again, protecting women...
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, property tax, homestead exemptions, Senate Bill 9, legislation, tax relief, committee discussions
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant attention was directed towards property tax relief and reform, notably through discussions led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the upcoming options for homestead exemptions that would be voted on in November. The committee also reviewed a series of bills, including Senate Bill 9, which was presented as a committee substitute. There was a strong emphasis on how the legislation aims to streamline tax guidelines for local government expenditures while balancing taxpayer relief against budgetary constraints. The meeting was characterized by a collaborative atmosphere where committee members shared insights and feedback on the various bills under consideration.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part II) Mar 31st, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="1692"> The legislature charged the Gulf Coast Authority (GCA) with a broad mission to protect
- to protect taxpayers and make sure that our tax dollars are
- All of a sudden, it's equalized.
Bills:
SB1079, SB1243, SB1504, SB1579, SB1708, SB1844, SB1851, SB1879, SB1921, SB1951, SB2237, SB2238, SB2406, SB2407
Keywords:
public utility agency, dissolution, local government, regulatory framework, municipal authority, telecommunication, board meetings, Gulf Coast Authority, conference call, videoconference, abandoned property, tax delinquency, urban development, receivership, local governance, disannexation, municipality, services, property owners, jurisdiction
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Local Government was marked by significant discussions on multiple bills aimed at enhancing governance and protecting taxpayer interests. Among the notable legislations was SB1951, where Senator Paxton emphasized reforms to reduce erroneous penalty notices imposed by appraisal districts, eliminating the financial incentive for such penalties. The session concluded with public testimonies that highlighted the importance of transparency and accountability in taxpayer dealings. Additionally, Senator Middleton presented SB1504 and SB2237, focusing on the operational frameworks of local authorities and executive severance payments, respectively, both of which sparked considerable debate among committee members.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It's a good safety valve to protect our interest.
- Protect our retirees while we protect our national security
- Instead of protecting the victim, they chose to protect the abuser by protecting themselves.
- When NDAs are used to silence victims, we are not protecting families; we are protecting the people destroying
- So that's my request: protect our voice.
Keywords:
property owners' association, free speech, assembly rights, government officials, political candidates, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, elections, scannable ballots, voting technology, paper ballots, electoral process, jury service, juror qualifications, grand jury, petit jury, legal implications
Summary:
The meeting held by the committee covered multiple critical bills focusing chiefly on the implications of non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) related to child sexual abuse and the prohibition of state investments in companies tied to nations deemed as threats, such as China and Russia. Debate around HB34 emphasized the necessity of protecting Texas taxpayers and maintaining national security by avoiding investments in these adversarial nations. Additionally, House Bill 748 spurred poignant reflections and testimonies from abuse survivors aiming to combat the silencing effect of NDAs on victims. The legislators expressed a consensus on the urgency of these issues, particularly the need for Trey's Law, which aims to empower survivors and diminish the influence of NDAs that shield abusers from accountability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We should be protecting all of this information that people give to get licenses. Thank you.
- What price would you pay to protect your own child's future?
- Do we want to protect them three years from now, four years from now, five years from now?
- I think our goal is very clear: protecting Texas kids. We know that some of these.
- But again, it goes back to protecting kids.
Bills:
HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB1188, HB1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627
Keywords:
education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, special education, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities
Summary:
The committee meeting featured a comprehensive discussion primarily focused on HB1188, which seeks to establish an early connection for families of children diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities to local IDD authorities. Multiple testimonies highlighted the urgent need for such a system, emphasizing how it could transform the experience of families by providing critical information and resources at the moment of diagnosis rather than at a later age. Representative Emanuel passionately presented the bill, underlining its potential to make a significant positive impact in the lives of families across Texas. Additionally, there were discussions regarding other bills related to education and child services, including HB123 and HB2310, with emphasis on the importance of early intervention and support for young children with disabilities.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the censorship industrial complex. Mar 25th, 2025 at 01:00 pm
Senate Constitution Subcommittee
Transcript Highlights:
- The speech of Americans is protected.
- Meta decided to follow X and to restore free speech protections.
- Sullivan from 1963, which established a crucial protection for the press.
- Consumer protection laws are therefore a bad and dangerous fit for policing...
- It's our job to protect it.
Keywords:
censorship, First Amendment, social media, misinformation, free speech, government regulation, Big Tech, public discourse
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on the implications of government involvement in censorship, particularly regarding social media platforms and compliance with misinformation standards. senators and witnesses discussed growing concerns over the influence of large tech companies, like Facebook and Google, in shaping public discourse and suppressing dissenting views. A significant part of the meeting included testimonies from various experts emphasizing the dangers of the 'censorship industrial complex'—a term used to describe the collaborative efforts between government entities and private organizations to control information flow. This collaboration is viewed as a violation of First Amendment rights, with calls for urgent legislative action to restore free speech protections.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Mar 5th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Using Texas Water Fund funds this last program year helps protect that corpus, which essentially gives
- The agency's mission is to protect the state's public health
- The Office of Water manages water quality by regulating discharge into surface waterways and by protecting
- And then it roughly tended to split equally and fairly the
- relies on 2,038 flood control dams to protect lives and
Keywords:
Texas House, Natural Resources, water management, conservation, legislative proposals, administrative processes
Summary:
During this meeting of the Texas House Natural Resources Committee, critical discussions centered on various legislative proposals impacting water management and conservation in the state. Chairman Harris emphasized the importance of balancing economic growth with conservation efforts, noting the urgency of addressing Texas's finite water resources. Several members raised concerns about the administrative processes governing water laws, and a variety of bills were presented, including a definition cleanup bill and modifications to reporting requirements. The committee heard testimony from multiple stakeholders who provided insights on existing issues and proposed solutions to enhance water management in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 19th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Timothy Stevenson, Department of State Health Services, Consumer Protection, on the bill as a resource
- A fire to protect our property.
- The bill is meant to help protect endangered species habitats and support communities where deer have
- Members, House Bill 4163 aims to protect agricultural operations from burdensome or impractical...
- You know, the old saying is, money's not equal.
Keywords:
agriculture, House Bill 43, House Bill 4163, Texas Agricultural Finance Authority, municipal regulations, economic crisis, fertilizer, drought, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs was marked by critical discussions surrounding several agricultural bills aimed at addressing the challenges faced by the farming community in Texas. Notably, House Bill 43 was presented, which seeks to update the Texas Agricultural Finance Authority to improve financial support for farmers experiencing crisis due to extensive agricultural losses, exacerbated by drought and supply chain issues. The committee heard testimonies from stakeholders emphasizing the urgent need for these reforms to help secure the agricultural industry’s future and ensure support for farmers during these trying times. Another significant topic was House Bill 4163, which aims to relieve agricultural operations from excessive municipal regulations concerning land management along public roadways, highlighting the burdens placed on farmers by local governments.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- forum shopping between state and federal court and lead to students with disabilities having less protection
- We're concerned about students getting less protection than they are ensured under federal law.
- teacher and a current education policy fellow with IDRA, an organization that's committed to achieving equal
Keywords:
education funding, Texas State Technical College System, constitutional amendment, capital projects, workforce education, mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, behavioral interventions, career readiness, education reform, workforce training, public schools, financial aid, vendor contracts, school district, criminal offense, conflict of interest, educational governance
Summary:
The meeting largely centered on discussions about House Bill 120, which aims to improve career and technical education in Texas, particularly focusing on rural students. The bill was introduced as an innovative approach to enhance educational pathways for high-demand jobs, including programs for military readiness and industry-based certifications. Various stakeholders, including educators and representatives from the Career and Technical Association of Texas, provided testimonies in support of the bill, emphasizing the need for such initiatives to address the workforce requirements of the state. Conversely, concerns regarding the bill's implications were raised by several witnesses, primarily focusing on the potential unintended consequences for students with disabilities and the importance of maintaining a collaborative educational approach rather than a punitive one.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Culture, Recreation & Tourism Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We have to protect that. That's right, by the way.
- He has always focused on protecting vulnerable Texans, spearheading reforms that preserve dignity and
- to protect incapacitated Texans by requiring the appointment
- /span> of service dedicated to justice, compassion, and the protection
- This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and the rights of women.
Bills:
HB1397, HB1886, HB3088, HB4187, HB4229, HB4230, HB5032, HCR6, HCR34, HCR50, HCR55, HCR58, HCR70, HCR71, HCR72, HCR74, HCR75, HCR80, HCR86, HCR93, HCR100, HCR107, HCR116, HCR117
Keywords:
Texas Constitution, Declaration of Independence, victory or death letter, display, historic preservation, lifeguard requirements, public beaches, municipalities, county regulations, exemptions, Parks and Wildlife, procurement, goods and services, revenue generation, Texas legislature, historical preservation, Texas Historical Commission, fees, nonprofit organizations, fundraising
Summary:
The meeting of the committee facilitated in-depth discussions on several key bills, including HB3887, HB3129, and HCR resolutions such as HCR34 and HCR116. Notably, HB3887 related to contractor requirements within the Parks and Wildlife Department, which was reported favorably to the full House without amendments. There was strong consensus among committee members with unanimous votes, indicating well-supported proposals. Other resolutions touched on designating Newton County as the forest capital of Texas and recognizing the Texas Almanac as the official state book, reflecting an agenda focused on cultural and environmental legacies.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Okay, so we already have laws to protect against that
Yeah, so we do have protection against that type of
There are equal members of all parties involved, but
- The Election Code already gives the Secretary the power to take action to protect citizens' voting rights
- They failed to implement even basic cybersecurity practices, let alone robust protection of our election
Keywords:
early voting, electronic application, mail-in ballot, voting accessibility, senior citizens, Texas Election Code, electronic voting, election audits, voting integrity, election code, manual count, risk-limiting audit, voter registration, interstate notification, election code, voter registrar, data sharing, voting, election integrity, tabulation equipment
Summary:
The committee meeting centered on various bills addressing election integrity and transparency. Key discussions included HB5256 which aims to regulate the number of polling places in representative districts, gaining favorable votes after the adoption of a committee substitute. Additionally, HB4288 was presented, focusing on the public inspection of election records, which unfortunately failed to gain support. Noteworthy was SB827, which sought to introduce a more robust auditing process for electronic voting systems, fostering a substantial public testimony segment with both support and opposition evident. The atmosphere was characterized by critical debates on ensuring the democracy and accountability of the electoral processes in the state, reflecting public concerns about election security and accessibility.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- gives all parties a fair opportunity to be heard without compromising the enforcement of labor protections
- House Bill 2892 would protect the privacy rights of...
- This bill codifies protections for the individual and ensures
- the protection of privacy rights under the U.S.
- This isn't about politics; it's about protecting something
Bills:
HB842, HB1907, HB2844, HB2892, HB3439, HB4211, HB4536, HB5111, HB5138, HB5182, HB5247, HB5269, HB5323, HB5435, HJR201, SB871, HB3896, SJR40
Keywords:
power lines, Gulf Coast, weather-related outages, Public Utility Commission, infrastructure, government contracts, Chinese companies, information technology, cybersecurity, state regulations, food safety, mobile vendors, licensing, permitting exemptions, health inspections, nonprofit organizations, personal information, government disclosure, privacy, criminal penalties
Summary:
The committee meeting featured extensive discussions on various bills, with a notable emphasis on public testimony regarding energy efficiency and electoral ethics. HB5323 was presented, aiming to establish the Texas Energy Waste Advisory Committee, which seeks to tackle energy waste and improve power system reliability across Texas. Supporters highlighted the importance of coordination among state agencies to enhance existing programs and reduce energy consumption especially during high-risk periods. The bill progressed amidst a supportive public sentiment and promises of accountability through regular reporting to the legislature.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We have to have that research; it has to be there, but with protection.
- So, do they protect their intellectual property better than we do?
- They protect their intellectual property differently than we do.
- protection under the law is somehow a vandalism of education in Texas.
- Second, that there be strong protections against frivolous complaints.
Keywords:
higher education, curriculum review, governing board, faculty council, ombudsman, higher education, faculty governance, decision-making, transparency, public meetings, higher education, governing board, department head, employment approval, public institutions, higher education, governing board, department head, employment approval, institutional oversight
Summary:
The meeting convened with significant discussions centered around higher education legislation in Texas, particularly focusing on research security and curriculum governance. Senator Brian Hughes introduced SB1273, which aims to establish a Higher Education Research Security Council to bolster security practices against potential espionage while promoting collaboration among Texas Tier 1 research institutions. Witness testimony included insights from Dr. Kevin Gamache of Texas A&M University, who underscored the importance of safeguarding academic resources to maintain Texas’s leadership in research. The committee unanimously adopted a substitute for the bill which elevated its scope to include private institutions as well, reflecting a broader approach to research security.