Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'teacher input'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- students, and a 100% teacher incentive allotment for our teachers.
- It also strengthens the teacher incentive allotment, providing opportunities to pay our best teachers
- I am proud to be the daughter of two teachers and a 14-year public school French teacher and trainer
- of teachers.
- However, the teacher saw me and said to go to your teacher, but she had no work for him.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, HB2, public education, special education funding, pre-K eligibility, teacher compensation
Summary:
The meeting focused prominently on the discussions surrounding HB2, which entails significant investments in public education and aims to reform funding mechanisms to better support students and teachers. Multiple stakeholders, including educators and policymakers, conveyed their support while also voicing concerns about the bill's potential shortcomings. Witnesses discussed the urgent need for increased funding for special education and the necessity of expanding pre-K eligibility for students with disabilities. The testimony highlighted the historical context of the funding model and emphasized the importance of creating equitable solutions for all public school districts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Mar 6th, 2025 at 08:03 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- earn certification, and expanding the mentor allotment so that teachers and new teachers will have a
- First, I need to acknowledge that our teachers are too humble; Megan Vasquez was the AISD Teacher of
- Teacher incentive allotments create more hoops for Texas teachers.
- really hard to pay teachers well.
- So, most special education teachers are not teachers of record.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, House Bill 2, Texas teacher salaries, education funding, public testimony, certified teachers, budget cuts, inflation
Summary:
The Public Education Committee meeting primarily focused on discussions related to House Bill 2, which addresses public education funding and the need for increased Texas teacher salaries. Testimonies were provided by various educators and stakeholders expressing concerns about the existing funding levels, particularly highlighting the inadequacy of the proposed $220 per student increase, which many believe falls short of what is necessary to meet inflation and the growing costs of education. During the testimony, members emphasized the need for a substantial increase to at least $1,300 per student, citing a critical shortage of certified teachers and the impact this has on student learning outcomes. Witness statements indicated that without a significant funding overhaul, students and teachers would continue to suffer from underfunded programs and resources.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education Apr 10th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="37" data-time="216">It is aimed at ensuring that we can attract the best and most talented teachers
- The teacher shortage in industry-based certification areas
- that CTE teachers can count toward the minimum salary schedule
- Many CTE teachers come from the workforce with work experience—tradespeople, technicians, engineers—but
- data-time="450"> We show you registered as Ray Piansic on behalf of yourself and the Agriculture Teachers
Keywords:
teacher salary, retirement benefits, career education, work experience credit, Texas Education Code, career education, technical training, workforce development, grants, education funding, career and technical education, HB1876, HB1057, data reporting, teacher compensation, workforce development, education reform
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss two key bills, HB1876 and HB1057, which focus on advancing career and technical education in Texas. Representative Tepper presented HB1876, which proposes a reporting grant program to improve the collection and analysis of CTE data by school districts. The bill aims to enhance the effectiveness of CTE programs by providing better tracking of student engagement and outcomes, ensuring that graduates are prepared for high-demand job markets. The discussion was lively, with several committee members and stakeholders providing input on the necessity of upgrading reporting mechanisms within the educational framework.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We're expanding the teacher incentive allotment, but the teacher incentive allotment, as important as
- via the Teacher Incentive Allotment (TIA), as well as a mentor teacher in my district.
- They're placed with mentor teachers, master teachers, who coach, support, and encourage them.
- well-qualified teachers to actually take jobs, and better teachers mean better outcomes.
- We have 500 teachers.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, HB2, education funding, public schools, charter schools, Teacher Incentive Allotment, Senator Creighton, equity in education
Summary:
The Senate Education Committee's meeting focused heavily on HB2, which proposes an historic investment of $8 billion into Texas public education. Senator Creighton led the discussion, explaining the components of the committee substitute and emphasizing the importance of increasing funding beyond past measures, highlighting that this package exceeds any previous investment in public education. The committee heard testimonies from public witnesses who expressed strong support for the bill, including educators discussing the positive impacts of the Teacher Incentive Allotment. The meeting adjourned after a vibrant discussion about the various provisions included in HB2, such as adjustments in funding allocations for both traditional and charter schools, and the ongoing issues related to educational equity across districts in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="2376"> Issues, how they feel about what's going on, and then utilize that as part of your input
Keywords:
teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, lottery, gambling, internet gaming, mobile application, criminal offenses, aquifer, water management, Edwards Aquifer, sustainability, regulatory framework, hunting license, fishing license, donation, operation game thief fund, wildlife conservation
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was led by Chairman Johnson and included several items of discussion, with a notable focus on the confirmations of appointments to various boards, including the Texas Juvenile Justice Board and the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Senator Parker initiated a discussion regarding the significance of these appointments, emphasizing their potential impact on the respective organizations. Additionally, resolutions were adopted through voice votes, reflecting a collaborative effort among the committee members to push forward various legislative tasks. The meeting was characterized by active participation from both the senators and the public present in the gallery, ensuring diverse opinions were represented.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Property Tax Appraisals May 1st, 2025 at 10:05 am
House S/C on Property Tax Appraisals
Transcript Highlights:
- when teachers are out of school.
- School teachers are public sector employees, and the purpose of voting no would be to preserve.
- fact that they're teachers; it's the fact that they are public sector employees.
- Especially in some of the larger districts, teachers would be great candidates for these positions.
- I have a friend who's a teacher.
Keywords:
ad valorem tax, property tax, incomplete structure, human occupancy, tax exemption, property tax, appraisal, reappraisal, transparency, data privacy, teacher eligibility, appraisal review board, education, criminal offense, school district, Property Tax, Appraisal Efficiency, Senate Bill 2073, Senate Bill 974, Transparency in Property Appraisal
Summary:
The meeting of the Permanent Standing Subcommittee on Property Tax Appraisals focused on several important bills aimed at improving the efficiency and transparency of property appraisal processes. Notably, Senate Bill 2073 was discussed, which seeks to provide appraisal districts with more flexibility in managing facility improvements while streamlining the approval process. The bill was noted to enhance operational efficiency, allowing Appraisal Districts greater financial tools to manage long-term capital projects. Witness Leona Mann testified in support, highlighting the need to reduce bureaucratic barriers that currently hinder timely decisions on property acquisitions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Our teachers are buried in miles and miles of administrative tasks.
- I know there are a lot of teachers that are excited about this.
- by the state to understand the reasons behind teacher dissatisfaction and ultimately teacher attrition
- that highlighted the major issues facing teachers.
- I've been a Teacher of the Year, a certified substitute, and a consultant in my capacity as the teacher
Bills:
HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB1188, HB1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627
Keywords:
education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, special education, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities
Summary:
The meeting of the House Committee on Public Education involved significant discussions regarding several bills aimed at improving the functioning and quality of public education in Texas. Notably, Representative Tepper presented HB3627, which seeks to empower the State Board of Education to employ its own personnel to fulfill its responsibilities more effectively. Chairman Kinsey also provided testimony highlighting the continued commitment to enhancing educational materials and instructional quality following the successful passage of HB1605 in the previous session. The committee demonstrated active engagement as members reviewed the implications of these bills on teacher workload and administrative burdens associated with current educational regulations, indicating a desire to enhance the work environment for educators.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- has been able to provide 13 checks, or in this case of this last session, a COLA for our retired teachers
- For things like teacher salaries.
- So, if you imagine two schools, each with 150 teachers paying into TRS, and the average salary of one
- The stability of the Teacher Retirement System.
- My name is Tim Lee, I'm the Director of the Texas Retired Teachers Association.
Bills:
HB886, HB1514, HB2434, HB2688, HB2802, HB3161, HB3221, HB4029, HB4339, HB4774, HB4802, HB4853, HB5627, SB1737, HB4591
Keywords:
retirement, supplemental payment, benefits, Employees Retirement System, eligible annuitants, legislation, annuity, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age, DROP program, actuarial studies, pension benefits
Summary:
During the meeting, the committee discussed several important bills focused on state employee pensions, the education sector, and consumer credit resources. One of the main topics was HB886, which proposes a 13th check for state retirees to help alleviate financial challenges faced by those who have not seen any pension adjustments for over a decade. The bill received support from various stakeholders who emphasized its necessity given the rising costs of living and inflation. Additionally, HB3221 was examined, addressing unequal pension contributions between traditional school districts and charter schools, which has placed undue financial burdens on charter schools since 2019. The bill aims to unify the contribution rates to ensure fairness and retain essential funding for education.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Apr 23rd, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the Executive Director of the Texas Retired Teachers Association.
- , and we have the same problem keeping teachers these days.
- But my reaction is that my wife is a special education teacher.
- whom the teacher retirement system exists.
- I know that we've taken care of teachers recently with regard to this issue.
Bills:
HB886, HB1514, HB2434, HB2688, HB2802, HB3161, HB3221, HB4029, HB4339, HB4591, HB4774, HB4802, HB4853, HB5627, SB1737
Keywords:
retirement, supplemental payment, benefits, Employees Retirement System, eligible annuitants, legislation, annuity, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age, DROP program, actuarial studies, pension benefits
Summary:
The meeting was focused on a range of significant legislation including discussions on retirement benefits for public safety officers and specific bills aimed at addressing current challenges in the pension systems. Representative Busey introduced HB2802, aimed at stabilizing the Austin Firefighters Retirement Fund, which received support from various stakeholders including Mayor Kirk Watson, reflecting months of collaborative effort. Testimony emphasized the need for proactive changes to prevent future financial crises in the fund. Additionally, HB4029, proposed by Chairman Guillen, generated appeals from various members about the necessity of addressing retirement needs for peace officers in public schools, linking it directly to their recruitment and retention challenges in the current environment. Issues regarding recruitment and the financial sustainability of the Houston Fire Department were also highlighted with HB2688, enabling timely action on pressing pension reform to retain skilled personnel.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Most teachers would never harm a student, but those who do destroy lives.
- Avenues that try to get more certified teachers is beneficial for both traditional and charter schools
- My husband sees this as a teacher, and I see it as a mother of school-aged children.
- If the teacher loved you and knew your parents very well, you would not get caught or really, in this
- I'm a 14-year public school teacher. I'm testifying on my own behalf on the bill.
Keywords:
JET Grant Program, career education, technical education, community colleges, technology solutions, high demand jobs, student athletes, name image likeness, compensation, intercollegiate athletics, representation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, student policy, communication devices, school regulations, disciplinary measures
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding various bills aimed at improving educational standards and safety in Texas. Notable discussions included House Bill 121, which was proposed to enhance school safety by allowing the Texas Education Agency to commission peace officers for schools, a measure that received both support and opposition regarding the authority of local school district police. Additionally, House Bill 367 addressed the issue of excused absences for students with serious illnesses, emphasizing the need for clear documentation requirements to assist families and educators in managing these situations. The meeting was marked by public testimonies from various stakeholders, including educators and policy advocates, who provided insights and experiences that illustrated the importance of the legislation being considered.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 27th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Bills:
HB25, HB48, HB149, HB254, HB26, HB192, HCR3, HCR4, HCR5, HCR6, HCR8, HCR14, HCR16, HR1, HR2, HR3, HR4, HR6, HR7, HR8, HR9, HR12, HR11, HR13, HR14, HR15, HR16, HR20, HR22, HR23, HR24, HR25, HR26, HR27, HR28, HR29, HR30, HR31, HR32, HR33, HR45, HR48, HR49, HR51, HR52, HR55, HR56, HR57, HR59, HR60, HR61, HR62, HR63, HR64, HR65, HR66, HR70, HR71, HR72, HR74, HCR2, HCR7, HR10, HR21, HR35, HR36, HR37, HR38, HR39, HR40, HR42, HR43, HR44, HR46, HR47, HR50, HR53, HR54, HR67, HR69, HR75
Keywords:
ivermectin, pharmacist authority, prescription-free, healthcare regulation, patient access, public safety, communication, governor approval, interoperability, political subdivision, radio systems, education, funding, school districts, equity, resources, retirement, judge, Brazoria County, probate court
Summary:
The meeting included significant discussions on several bills, with a notably vibrant debate around HB25, which seeks to authorize pharmacists to dispense ivermectin without prescription. Supporters highlighted the potential benefits for rural communities by improving access to affordable medications, while opponents raised concerns around safety and the implications of over-the-counter availability. Following extensive discussion, HB25 ultimately passed with a vote of 88 ayes to 51 nays. Additionally, HB192 and HB254 were discussed, both of which passed with strong support, marking a productive session for those advocating for the modernization of public health and infrastructure funding.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Great teachers.
- for teachers.
- These residents start when normal teachers, your teachers of record, start.
- teacher preparation.
- and preparation of teachers.
Keywords:
instructional materials, public schools, Education Code, adoption, rejected materials, local funds, open educational resources, instructional materials, Texas Education Code, rejected materials, school districts, open enrollment charter schools, funding restrictions, environmental regulation, business compliance, local authority, economic development, state preemption, instructional materials, public schools
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily addressed several education-related bills, notably focusing on strengthening teacher certification pathways and accountability measures within the Texas school system. Notable discussions revolved around Senate Bills 2252 and 2253, which aim to enhance early education and teacher preparation programs. Participants included various committee members who debated the merits of each bill and carefully considered public testimony that presented both support and concerns regarding the implications of the proposed legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It is well known that many Texas schools struggle to retain certified teachers and other professional
- ...librarians are certified teachers.
- My science chemistry teacher pointed out the first day of class.
- The teachers and coaches did not just see my struggles; they saw my dreams.
- Recruitment Scholarship Program and the Texas Teacher Retirement Scholarship Program.
Bills:
HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB1188, HB1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627
Keywords:
education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, special education, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities
Summary:
The committee meeting featured a comprehensive discussion primarily focused on HB1188, which seeks to establish an early connection for families of children diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities to local IDD authorities. Multiple testimonies highlighted the urgent need for such a system, emphasizing how it could transform the experience of families by providing critical information and resources at the moment of diagnosis rather than at a later age. Representative Emanuel passionately presented the bill, underlining its potential to make a significant positive impact in the lives of families across Texas. Additionally, there were discussions regarding other bills related to education and child services, including HB123 and HB2310, with emphasis on the importance of early intervention and support for young children with disabilities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Feb 25th, 2025 at 10:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- than non-TIA teachers.
- , not 25,000 teachers.
- that teacher.
- a teacher...
- and teachers with experience as it goes up the ladder, that new teachers...
Keywords:
public education, funding, teacher retention, deficit budgets, legislative changes, Texas Education Agency, educational landscape, workforce development
Summary:
The House Committee on Public Education convened a comprehensive meeting focused on critical issues impacting education in Texas. Chairman Buckley emphasized the committee's commitment to providing the largest public education investment in the state’s history while addressing pressing concerns such as funding disparities, teacher retention, and legislative changes impacting the educational landscape. Notably, Commissioner Mike Morath presented an extensive report detailing the current state of public education, highlighting a pressing need for adequate funding aligned with student needs and the challenges posed by deficit budgets in various school districts stemming from overreliance on temporary federal funding sources.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Public Education Aug 21st, 2025 at 08:08 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I know as a former teacher that our TEKS really are exceptional.
- It's giving teachers the information that they need to not only gauge what they are doing as teachers
- Like to know, in school and being a teacher, you recognize that teachers don't always grade papers the
- Did you not have any input, or did your TEA staff not have any input into the creation of this bill into
- Is there a way that teachers are hesitant?
Bills:
HB8
Keywords:
House Bill 8, public school accountability, STAAR test repeal, educational assessments, student progress, teacher involvement, community feedback, accountability measures, education reform
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on House Bill 8, which seeks to reform the public school accountability and assessment system in Texas. Key discussions included the repeal of the STAAR test and its replacement with a series of shorter assessments throughout the school year, aimed at reducing the high-stakes nature of a single day test. Educators and advocates provided testimony on the need for assessments that better reflect student progress while ensuring accountability measures are fair and based on diverse community needs. Members raised concerns about the implementation timeline and the necessity of teacher involvement in the development of assessment items to enhance trust in the system. Overall, the atmosphere was collaborative, with many participants eager to improve educational outcomes for Texas students.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
And members, also thank you for your input.
- But the teacher pay at that point would be temporary.
Emerging teachers and our best teachers are leaving
- You're right about teacher pay. It's a critical point.
- Could you just keep the teacher pay raise permanent but also skew a little?
Keywords:
House Bill 2, education funding, public schools, special education, teacher pay, Senate Committee on Education K-16, substitute bill, public testimony, Senator Creighton, educational reforms
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Education K-16 convened to discuss House Bill 2, which focuses on public education funding and reforms. Senator Creighton presented amendments to the bill, highlighting significant increases in funding for special education and enhancements to teacher pay. Notably, the committee adopted a new substitute version of the bill after thorough discussions regarding its implications on districts and educators. Several senators expressed their concerns and support for the bill, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that all educational stakeholders are adequately compensated and that the bill addresses ongoing educational challenges in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Mar 6th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The result was that in the next session, we had teacher after teacher after teacher coming to...
- Is it the new teacher, or the newer teacher who...
- teachers but prepared teachers.
- When it comes down to our special education teacher, our PE teacher, and our music and art teachers,
- of teachers.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, educational funding, HB2, special education, mental health services, charter schools, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on legislation related to educational funding and support for students with disabilities. Testimonies were heard regarding HB2, which aims to enhance special education funding and improve the overall educational environment for students. Advocates stressed the importance of investing in mental health services within schools, emphasizing that a holistic approach to student welfare is essential for fostering a safe learning environment. Concerns were raised about charter school funding and the lack of accountability in financial expenditures related to such institutions. Additional discussions highlighted the urgent need for updated policies that reflect current economic realities in education, especially regarding the basic allotment for school funding.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 31st, 2025 at 10:03 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- of those schools is Miles ISD, and my staff and I have listened to the heartbreaking stories from teachers
- marker="175" data-time="1044"> can come back, but not at an extended risk to the other districts and teachers
- We show you registered as Katrina Daniel on behalf of the Texas Retirement Teacher...
- These school districts are left with the bag and are trying to find healthcare for their teachers.
Keywords:
teacher benefits, insurance coverage, school employees, group coverage program, risk stabilization fee, pensions, financial fraud, payment fraud, retirement benefits, House Bill 3594, House Bill 3109, San Antonio Fire and Police, Financial Crimes Intelligence Center
Summary:
The Committee on Pensions, Investments, and Financial Services convened to discuss various legislative bills focused on enhancing financial security for public employees and addressing instances of financial fraud. Notably, House Bill 3594 was presented by Representative Lujan, aimed at modernizing the San Antonio Fire and Police Retiree Health Care Fund, with support from key stakeholders, indicating broad consensus on the bill's implications. In addition, House Bill 3109 was addressed, expanding the scope of the Financial Crimes Intelligence Center to include payment fraud, reflecting Texas's proactive approach to tackling criminal financial activities and protecting its citizens.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Mar 4th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Does the teacher, or prospective teacher, spend their last year in the classroom?
- Of the funds given to our teachers so far, one teacher paid for her son's college tuition, another teacher
- teachers.
- a subset of their teachers.
- that teacher, which is great.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, school finance, HB2, education funding, entitlement funding, county appraisal districts, public education reform, budget reductions
Summary:
The committee meeting was focused on discussing HB2, a significant piece of legislation aimed at reforming school finance in Texas. During the discussion, members highlighted the ongoing challenges faced by school districts, including the impact of county appraisal districts failing the comptroller's property value study, which has led to budget reductions for many districts. Concerns were raised about ensuring that schools receive their entitlement funding and the need for potential amendments to address unresolved issues permanently. Various members expressed appreciation for the efforts made in HB2 to increase funding for at-risk students and improve overall educational outcomes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Mar 4th, 2025 at 02:30 pm
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- When you look at certified versus uncertified teachers, are uncertified teachers...
- they're not a great teacher.
- uncertified teachers.
- But I've heard all day about teachers. My mother is a real teacher.
- one was the general ed teacher.
Bills:
HB2
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, House Bill 2, special education funding, Texas, funding gaps, education, stakeholder testimony, tiered funding system
Summary:
The meeting focused on House Bill 2, which aims to reform funding for special education in Texas. Various stakeholders, including educators and administrators, testified on the importance of the bill, highlighting current funding gaps and the need for increased resources to adequately support students with disabilities. Testimony revealed that many school districts are experiencing a significant funding shortfall, forcing them to seek additional local funding sources to cover the costs of necessary services. Additionally, the bill includes provisions for a new tiered funding system, which was met with cautious support due to the ambiguities surrounding its implementation.