Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'housing assistance'
Page 51 of 59
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 12th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- full House.
- We will gavel in for the second session Friday and re-establish the call of the House.
- Under House rules, the House may adjourn from day to day, while the House will be called in order in
- House stands adjourned until 8:30 Wednesday.
- The House stands adjourned.
Keywords:
disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication, interoperability, grant program, first responders, state council, emergency communication
Summary:
In this meeting of the legislative committee, members gathered to discuss pressing issues, including critical flood response legislation that could significantly impact families and communities affected by recent disasters. Despite the efforts to address these urgent matters, a quorum was not present, preventing any formal actions from being taken. The absence of a sufficient number of members meant that discussions were limited and centered around logistics for the upcoming sessions to ensure that necessary votes could be conducted in the near future. The chairman expressed concerns about the operational costs related to these absences and emphasized the continuous tracking of taxpayer dollars being spent in response to the critical situations faced by communities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal JusticeAudio only. May 25th, 2025
Senate Criminal Justice Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Chair lays it out: House Bill 21.
- Does anyone wish to testify on or against House Bill 2407?
Chair lays out House Bill 3425.
- Chairman and members, House Bill 3425 by Representative Giovanni Castiglione.
- If not, the testimony on House Bill 3425 is open.
Keywords:
sex offender registration, criminal penalties, law enforcement, criminal justice, public safety, public servant, address disclosure, retrieval of information, electronic communication, criminal offense, retaliation, safety concerns, Criminal Justice, HB2407, Sex Offender Registration, HB3425, Doxing, Legislation
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Criminal Justice convened to discuss several important bills including HB2407, HB3425, and HB2854. HB2407, focused on strengthening penalties for repeated failures to comply with sex offender registration requirements, received unanimous support from committee members and was reported favorably to the full Senate. The discussion emphasized the seriousness of these registration laws and the bill's potential to enhance public safety by ensuring accountability among offenders. The hearing also highlighted concerns around doxing with HB3425, which aims to criminalize the unlawful disclosure of personal addresses and phone numbers through electronic communications, thus addressing a significant gap in current legislation. Meanwhile, HB2854 was passed forward with a recommendation, highlighting the committee's commitment to address various legal gaps.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Licensing & Administrative Procedures Apr 29th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- p>
The Chair moves that SB378 be reported favorably to the full House
- 19" data-time="108">The Chair moves that SB610 without amendment be reported favorably to the full House
- Do we pass House Bill 1382? Thank you very much.
The chair lays out House Bill 2450.
- King's House Bill 2450. Thank you. Takeover?
Keywords:
elevator inspection, building safety, construction standards, health and safety code, regulatory requirements, public safety, licensing, regulatory measures, cosmetology, driver education, committee meeting
Summary:
The committee meeting covered a variety of bills primarily focusing on public safety, regulatory measures, and licensing issues. Notable discussions included the approval of SB1366, which mandates the inclusion of construction and maintenance work zone information in driver education curriculums, and SB378, which clarifies the restrictions on cosmetologists and estheticians regarding injections and incisions, addressing safety concerns regarding unauthorized procedures. Members actively debated the merits of these bills, with several voiced concerns about the implications for public health and safety. The meeting also saw the passage of several bills without opposition, indicating a generally collaborative atmosphere among members.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 5169 is left pending. Thank you.
- House Bill 1508 repeals the Texas franchise tax.
- We oppose House Bill 1508.
- Is there anyone else who would testify for or against House Bill 1508?
- House Bill 1508 is left pending.
Bills:
HB105, HB982, HB1483, HB1508, HB2575, HB3646, HB3993, HB4083, HB4580, HB4725, HB5169, HB5511, HJR73, HJR102, HJR174, HB3746, HB4240
Keywords:
economic development, job creation, energy, tax incentives, technology investment, ad valorem taxes, elderly, disabled, low-income, tax limitation, homesteads, Texas Tax Code, tax proceeds, horse industry, escalated purse account, agriculture, economic impact, homeowners associations, sales tax exemption, property information
Summary:
The meeting was focused on various legislative discussions, particularly centered around environmental initiatives and tax incentives. Notable discussions occurred regarding HB3746, which aims to grant sales tax exemptions for power generation equipment, a proposal that sparked significant engagement among members. Representative Darby, who championed the bill, emphasized its limited scope and potential benefits to Texas businesses. The session was lively, with members exchanging views on the implications of the bill on the local economy and the environment. Public testimony was invited to weigh in on this matter, further enriching the dialogue.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 20th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- House? It is absolutely not fair.
- This bill, House Bill...
- I represent House District 76.
Sorry, in the House, the House hearing.
- House Bill 4 is finally passed.
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, elections, representation, district composition, Texas House, ad valorem tax, elderly, disabled veterans, public testimony, Texas legislature
Summary:
The committee meeting included extensive discussions on various bills, primarily focusing on ad valorem tax regulations and implications for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and disabled. Representative Schofield presented HB4, which revolves around setting limitations on ad valorem taxes for homesteads of disabled, elderly, and their surviving spouses. The bill sparked a thorough debate among committee members, leading to significant public testimony. Additionally, HJR No. 25 proposed by Cook focused on exempting part of the assessed value of property owned by certain disabled veterans from taxation, highlighting a priority for veteran support within the session's agenda. Overall, the meeting was marked by a strong turnout from both committee members and the public, showcasing a high level of engagement on these critical issues.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 25th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Virdell to lay out and explain House Bill 2066.
- House Bill 235, which last session passed this committee unanimously and in the House overwhelmingly,
- is House Bill 1896.
- than House Bill 449.
- Cook to lay out and explain House Bill 1977.
Bills:
HB207, HB235, HB324, HB449, HB463, HB502, HB1121, HB1445, HB1465, HB1778, HB1977, HB2000, HB2066, HB2596
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, obscenity laws, visual material, anatomically correct dolls, mannequins, robots, criminal offenses, sexually explicit material, anatomically correct dolls, minors, artificial intelligence, sexually explicit, child protection, visual material, artificial intelligence, doll, mannequin, robot, law enforcement
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on a range of bills addressing important topics such as artificial intelligence and sexual exploitation laws. Notably, House Bill 235, which aims to add civil and criminal liability for the use of AI-generated deepfake materials, garnered discussion from multiple members and witnesses, including Adrian Shelley from Public Citizen who expressed support for the bill. Concerns about ensuring the legislation's clarity and enforcement were raised. Additionally, House Bill 207 was presented, which seeks to expand definitions within sexual offense laws to include representations involving anatomically correct dolls, eliciting varied perspectives from representatives during the debate.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Let's lay out House Bill 766.
- Let's lay out House Bill 677 by Representative.
- The chair now lays out House Bill 3133, represented.
- Any questions for Senator Kohl on House Bill...
- We'll open public testimony on House Bill 668.
Keywords:
deep fake, social media, user reports, deceptive trade practices, online safety, election administration, deepfake material, gun license grace period, lottery regulations, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical pieces of legislation including HB677, HB3133, HB668, SB2819, and SB3070. Notably, HB677 prohibits county election administrators from holding other appointed positions while serving in their role, with no public testimony registered against it, leading to its pending status. Conversely, HB3133, which addresses the issue of explicit deep fake material on social media, drew significant attention but was left pending without public testimony as well. The discussion of HB668 included provisions for a one-year grace period for licensed handgun owners after expiration, a relatively straightforward bill that also registered no public testimony. Meanwhile, SB2819, a companion to HB677, emphasizes the strict regulations surrounding election administration, seeking to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest. Lastly, SB3070 sparked conversations about lottery regulations and transparency in operations, prompting discussions around its implications and garnering witness testimonies in favor of the bill.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- You worked on the House map.
- in the House.
- The House made some changes, primarily in.
- I decided to adopt the house bill that was passed out of the House as it's drawn because I believed it
- How many Black Republicans are on the House floor? Two?
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion of HB4, which pertains to redistricting. Chairman King emphasized the legal compliance of the proposed map and elaborated on its political advantages, stating that the map improves compactness while benefiting Republican candidates. The meeting saw extensive public testimony, with numerous participants voicing concerns about the map's legality and its implications on minority representation. Representative Smith highlighted that the overwhelming majority of public submissions expressed opposition to the redistricting bill, arguing that it disregards the constituents' voices. Debate ensued regarding the necessity and legality of the changes made, particularly concerning minority districts.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We passed it out of the Senate when it passed out of the House.
- House district and a low per capita income House district.
- Does HD stand for housing?
- It is a companion to House Bill 797.
- This is the House companion.
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs held a comprehensive meeting focused on several noteworthy bills, particularly those related to the Texas Lottery Commission and foreign adversaries. Discussions were led by various members, including Senator Hall, who expressed serious concerns regarding the legality and integrity of practices within the Lottery Commission, alleging that it has enabled a series of fraudulent activities. Testimonies were heard from stakeholders advocating for House Bill 130, aimed at protecting Texans' genetic information from foreign access. The committee also reviewed House Bills 119 and 581, which tackle transparency in dealings with lobbyists connected to foreign adversaries and address child safety against evolving technological threats, including deepfake technology, respectively. The atmosphere was engaging, with active participation from both committee members and witnesses from various organizations arguing for or against the proposed legislation.
The meeting concluded with gratitude expressed towards the committee staff for their efforts in facilitating a productive session, acknowledging both the importance of the issues at hand and the various testimonies provided. The members agreed on the significance of regulating the Lottery Commission more effectively and ensuring the protection of Texans from potentially harmful external influences. All bills were left pending for further discussion and refinement in future meetings.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- President, I'm directed by the House to inform...
- President, I'm directed by the House.
- House Bill 7, House Bill 8
- President, there's a message from the House.
- He had a house in Senate District 3, Lake Conroe. He had a house in Harris County.
Keywords:
sex designation, restroom access, civil penalties, private civil right of action, women's privacy, campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards, disaster relief, flood preparedness, emergency funding, local government support, meteorological forecasting, abortion, healthcare, jurisdiction, civil action, qui tam
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several significant legislative actions, particularly in relation to youth camp safety reforms. Senator Perry presented the committee substitute for HB1, emphasizing the collaborative effort with the House to enhance youth camp emergency preparedness following tragic events in the community. The bill, which maintains essential safety provisions, was received positively and passed without opposition. Additionally, discussions highlighted the importance of funding for flood management and the need for ongoing dialogue around public safety enhancements, including interoperability among emergency services. Overall, the meeting reflected a strong commitment to community safety and legislative integrity.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- On House Bill 2733, no one has registered to testify on the bill.
- wishing to testify for or against House Bill 2733.
- House Bill 1193 would protect the personal identity of an individual.
- We'll open up public testimony now for House Bill 1193.
- The House calls upon Senator Creighton to lay out House Bill
Keywords:
child enrollment, parent rights, managing conservator, education, family law, civil liability, barratry, penalties, legal actions, damages, judgment enforcement, court fees, child support enforcement, dormant judgments, legal proceedings, barratry, digital solicitation, bailiffs, Webb County, family law
Summary:
The committee meeting included a thorough examination of several bills, notably HB2733, HB3104, HB4325, and HB2495, each addressing significant legal and procedural issues in Texas law. HB2733, presented by Representative Canuccio, sought to modernize existing definitions related to barratry to include digital solicitation methods, and it received no public testimony for or against, suggesting a general consensus on the need for this update. Conversely, HB3104 by Representative McLaughlin focused on the appointment and salary provisions for bailiffs in Webb County, addressing concerns over discrepancies across district courts, while HB2495 clarified the rights of sole managing conservators regarding their children's school enrollment, which generated testimony from family law professionals in support of the bill.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence May 21st, 2025 at 09:05 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We heard the companion House Bill 4806 by Chairman Bonin during our May 7th hearing.
- House Bill 748 during our March 9th hearing.
- of the House.
- y'all have already seen with House Bill 170.
- All right, seeing none, the chair will leave House Bill 2501 pending at this time.
Keywords:
digital rights, replication, Voice likeness, visual likeness, private causes of action, fee structure, online service providers, postmortem rights, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, water regulation, environmental protection, pesticide management, natural resources, Senate Bill 1960, artificial intelligence, music industry, artistic integrity, First Amendment, public testimony, legislation
Summary:
During this meeting of the Judiciary and Civil Jurisprudence Committee, several significant bills were discussed, particularly focusing on Senate Bill 1960, which aims to protect Texans from unauthorized use of their voices or likenesses in the age of artificial intelligence. Chairman Hunter led the presentation, highlighting the importance of preserving artistic integrity while ensuring that First Amendment rights are respected. The committee welcomed public testimony, receiving support for the bill from representatives of the music industry, who expressed concerns about the misuse of AI in recreating artists' performances without consent. The discussion included insight from various stakeholders regarding the implications of such legislation on their professional rights.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 15th, 2025 at 12:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- This will be House Bill 1.
- I will make that House Bill 25.
- Until further order of the House.
- Geren moves the House stand adjourned until 10 a.m. Saturday. Is there objection?
- House stands adjourned.
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas House of Representatives focused on ensuring quorum for the ongoing special session and addressing pressing legislative matters. Speaker called attention to the absence of certain members who had not returned, leading to discussions on maintaining attendance and possibly issuing civil arrest warrants if necessary. The discussions also included emphasis on pro-life legislation and property tax protections, as well as addressing safety concerns highlighted by tragic incidents such as those at Camp Mystic. Notably, House Bill 1 focusing on camp safety and House Bill 25 for over-the-counter ivermectin were among the priorities mentioned for upcoming sessions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 4.
- Yesterday, we heard many of our colleagues in the House.
- The House has the numbers, we understand that.
- House of Representatives remained almost entirely white and male.
- Members, I rise in support of House Bill 4.
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
In the recent committee meeting, the primary focus was on HB4, the congressional redistricting bill. Intense debates ensued regarding the implications of this proposed map on minority voting representation. Senator Zaffirini and other members expressed strong opposition, citing that the redistricting efforts were not only untimely but also undermined the gains made by minority communities in past elections. Significant testimony was provided from the public, showing overwhelming disapproval of the proposed changes, with 98% of the testimonies against the bill. Members highlighted the historical context of disenfranchisement and warned that this redistricting would further dilute the voices of crucial voting blocs in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part II)Audio only. May 5th, 2025
Senate State Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- On House Bill 1393, we heard the House bill; we didn't have
- the Senate bill, but we heard the House bill.
- House Bill 2884, there's not a substitute on that one, and Senator Hall moves that House Bill 2884 be
- House Bill 2884, will the clerk call the roll?
- And so House Bill 1393 will be recommended.
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
During the committee meeting, a range of bills were discussed, with several being reported favorably for further consideration by the full Senate. Notably, Senate Bill 2403 was moved by Senator Middleton and adopted without objection. Additionally, Senate Bill 1888, concerning jury selection in certain counties, also gained unanimous approval. The committee expressed clear support for Senator Hagen's Senate Bill 2943 regarding discrimination against occupational license holders, which was substituted and reported favorably. Furthermore, House Bill 1393, proposed by Representative Metcalfe to establish year-round daylight saving time, also received a positive recommendation and was adopted with only a few dissenting votes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Press Conference: Lt. Governor Dan PatrickRegarding efforts to reform the bail system in Texas. Joined by Senator Joan Huffman, and victims of violent crime. Feb 12th, 2025
Texas Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- It was a focus on cutting property taxes, fortifying the grid, and addressing water and affordable housing
And every time, they've died in the House.
And it's time for the Texas House, and now that we've
- If the House had passed the bill, this is serious stuff; this is like.
- So, whatever it takes, we will not leave here until these bills pass the House. Period.
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, Coastal Bend, Texas Senate, celebration, heritage, community, Chambers County, celebration, recognition, historical significance, Texas history
Summary:
The meeting focused on public safety and criminal justice reforms, particularly addressing bail reform bills spearheaded by Senator Huffman and supported by the Lieutenant Governor. Testimonies from family members of crime victims highlighted the urgent need for reforms to prevent violent offenders from receiving bail, emphasizing personal stories of loss and the failures of the justice system. Participants expressed their commitment to passing the package of bills and mentioned having support from various stakeholders in the community, including public officials and advocates. A sense of urgency was palpable, with assertions that these issues are life and death, impacting countless families across Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The House of Appropriations
- substituted, be reported favorably to the full House.
- favorably to the full House.
- 35 be reported favorably to the full House.
- 47 be reported favorably to the full House.
Keywords:
House Appropriations, committee substitute, water infrastructure, HB188, HB265, HJR35, HJR47, SB1901, bipartisan support
Summary:
The House Appropriations Committee convened to discuss several significant legislative bills, including HB188, HB265, HJR35, HJR47, and SB1901. During the session, each bill was presented, and members engaged in lively discussions about their implications. Notably, the committee adopted a committee substitute for HB188, which expanded eligibility for grants related to water infrastructure. The substitute aimed to prioritize municipal utility districts, garnering a generally positive reception among committee members. Both HJR35 and HJR47 were reported favorably for consideration by the full House, demonstrating strong bipartisan support despite some dissenting votes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Apr 16th, 2025 at 10:04 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, I move to suspend House Rule 8, Section 5D.
- It's housed at the Texas Animal Health Commission.
- House Bill 6 is finally passed.
- House Bill 1151 is finally passed. The chair lays out on third reading House Bill 1268.
- The House will stand at ease until 11:15.
Bills:
SB2, HB2, HB2000, HB2196, HB213, HB222, HB645, HB1458, HB1022, HB141, HB502, HB643, HB3093, HB1700, HB117, SB503, SB2, HB120, HB20, HB150, HB6, HB100, HB210, HB215, HB1393, HB1151, HB1268, HB142, HB451, HB124, HB2, HB2000, HB2196, HB213, HB222, HB645, HB1458, HB1022, HB141, HB502, HB643, HB3093, HB1700, HB117
Keywords:
public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, child grooming, sex offender registration, criminal justice, reportable conviction, law enforcement, virtual education, hybrid learning, school funding, average daily attendance
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on educational funding and the establishment of educational savings accounts as outlined in SB2. Proponents of the bill presented arguments emphasizing the need for flexible education options for families, especially for children with disabilities. The bill proposes a universal program that allows Texas families to utilize state funds for various educational expenses beyond traditional public schooling. However, discussions also surfaced concerning potential drawbacks, with several members raising concerns about the implications for public education funding and accountability.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The House Sergeant-at-Arms would arrest the members.
- ...open public testimony on House Bill 18.
- Kudlip is the only witness who had registered to testify on for or against House Bill 18.
- to testify on, for, or against House Bill 18.
And on House Bill 18, Senator Hinojosa moves that House
Bills:
HB18
Keywords:
HB18, quorum, legislative process, penalties, transparency, accountability, fundraising restrictions
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on House Bill 18, which aims to establish penalties for lawmakers who intentionally break quorum to obstruct legislative processes. Senator Hinojosa presented the bill, explaining that it prohibits absent legislators from fundraising and incurs civil penalties for violations. Public testimony was taken, with supporters emphasizing the need for accountability and transparency among legislators. Discussions among committee members highlighted the bill's implications and raised questions about its efficacy in preventing planned quorum breaks.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Culture, Recreation & Tourism May 1st, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Chair moves that SCR4, without amendment, be reported favorably to the full House.
- Chair moves that SB 1718, without amendment, be reported favorably to the full House.
- Is there anyone else who wishes to testify for or against House Bill 5259?
- If there is no objection, House Bill House Bill 5259 will
- House Bill 5259 will be left pending.
Bills:
HB370, HB738, HB2935, HB3227, HB4103, HB5259, SB519, SB1350, SB1247, SB1248, SB2112, HCR81, HCR83, HCR84, HCR59, HCR109, HCR111, HCR135, SCR6
Keywords:
Rosenwald Schools, historical preservation, community learning centers, Texas Historical Commission, cultural heritage, Julia C. Hester House, state park, Houston, land acquisition, community center, historic site, Texas Historical Commission, administration, funding, Nacogdoches, heritage preservation, wildlife corridor, Parks and Wildlife Department, driver safety, habitat connectivity
Summary:
The meeting of the Culture, Recreation, and Tourism Committee centered on several important bills primarily aimed at enhancing Texas's wildlife management and cultural initiatives. One of the standout discussions was around HB5259, which advocates for the development of a wildlife corridor action plan by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The bill aims to address the high number of animal-vehicle collisions in Texas, proposing to set up designated areas to connect wildlife populations and habitats. Witnesses, including wildlife conservationists, testified in support of this bill, stressing its potential to significantly reduce accidents and protect endangered species like ocelots. The committee also deliberated on multiple Senate Bills aimed at streamlining hunting licenses and supporting state historical initiatives.