Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Senate Committee on Nominations'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate of the 89th Legislature Apr 1st, 2025 at 11:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- on the committee substitute for Senate Bill 1497.
- the regular order of business on the committee substitute for Senate Bill 1330.
- on Senate Bill 251.
- on committee substitute for Senate Bill 599.
- business on the committee substitute for Senate Bill 16.
Summary:
The recent Senate meeting primarily covered two resolutions, HCR65 and HCR19, both of which were passed unanimously with little to no opposition. HCR65 was introduced in memory of Tracy Lee Vincent of Longview, while HCR19 was presented to honor the late Terrell Lynn Roberts of Angleton. The meeting included brief addresses from several senators, who shared personal reflections on the impacts of the individuals being honored and expressed gratitude for their contributions to the community. This collaborative atmosphere showcased the members' capacity for camaraderie and respect, emphasizing the importance of human connection in legislative proceedings.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Conference Committee on SB 1Senate and House budget conferees. Apr 24th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
The conference committee on Senate Bill 1 will come to order.
- Welcome to the conference committee on Senate Bill 1.
- the Senate and the House.
The conferees on the Senate side will be Senator Schwartner
Senator Schwartner; Senator Kolkhorst will handle Article
Keywords:
Senate Bill 1, General Appropriations Bill, budget, reconciliation, legislation, collaboration
Summary:
The meeting of the conference committee on SB1 focused on reconciling differences between the House and Senate versions of the General Appropriations Bill. Chairman Bonin and his Senate counterparts outlined the critical articles and engaged in discussions to ensure that the final budget aligns with constitutional and statutory spending limits while also addressing the needs of the growing state. The environment in the meeting was collaborative, with both sides utilizing their experienced members in the budget crafting process. The urgency of finalizing the budget was a recurring theme, as it is a primary duty of the legislature.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider S.558, to provide for the consideration of a definition of antisemitism set forth by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance for the enforcement of Federal antidiscrimination laws concerning education programs or Apr 30th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Both you and I have been on this committee for a long time.
- So I support Senator Paul's effort. Senator Paul has made a motion. We'll have a vote on it.
- This is a Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Sanders.
- on Senate 163.
- on Senate Bill 163.
Keywords:
civil rights, higher education, discrimination, complaints, awareness campaign, antisemitism, discrimination, education, Civil Rights Act, IHRA definition, federal enforcement, Jewish community, anti-discrimination laws, Anti-Semitism Awareness Act, Protecting Students on Campus Act, First Amendment, Senator Tim Scott, free speech, college campuses, civil rights
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on reviewing two significant bills: S558, the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2025, and S163, the Protecting Students on Campus Act. Senator Tim Scott introduced S558, emphasizing its importance in combatting anti-Jewish violence and harassment, and providing the Department of Education with necessary tools to investigate incidents of anti-Semitism on college campuses. The bill sparked a vigorous debate among members who expressed concerns over potential implications for free speech, particularly regarding its definitions of anti-Semitism, and whether it would infringe upon First Amendment rights.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 27th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- This is referred to the Committee on Ways and Means.
- the Texas Senate on December 31, 2012.
- the Committee on Public Education.
- Committee on Natural Resources.
- on the examination of those taxes was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means.
Keywords:
Senator Judith Zaffirini, Texas Senate, public service, education, legislation, honor, mentorship
Summary:
The meeting focused on honoring Senator Judith Zaffirini for her exceptional service to the state of Texas, marking her as the first female dean of the Texas Senate. Various members spoke of her achievements, highlighting her dedication to public service and her significant impact on the community and education, particularly for students with disabilities. The atmosphere was filled with camaraderie and deep respect, as colleagues shared personal anecdotes and affirmed her role as a mentor and leader.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Finance (Part I) Mar 12th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
Senate Committee on Finance will come to order.
- As you know, there are other committees going on and I guess people have things to do.
- Do members have any questions for Senator Schwartner on any
- I also want to thank Senator Campbell and Senator West for their hard work on this working group, putting
I have one question. Senator Zaffirini.
Keywords:
budget adjustments, salary increase, public defender, Senate Bill 9, workforce optimization
Summary:
The committee also reviewed workforce optimization projects and critical capital improvements, underscoring the importance of maintaining and enhancing state infrastructure. A work group revision related to Senate Bill 9 was adopted, further demonstrating the committee's proactive approach to addressing fiscal responsibilities and ensuring effective allocation of state resources. The meeting concluded with an overview of adopted items and a commitment to continue enhancing services for the public.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Mar 24th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs come to
Senator Perry lays out the committee substitute.
Senator Johnson lays out the committee substitute.
- I also thank the committee members for focusing on water demands, needs, and funding.
- The State Water Plan focuses on new water supply needs, and these hopefully will give the committee an
Keywords:
Senate Bill 7, water supply, infrastructure, Texas, public testimony, accountability, stakeholders, legislation
Summary:
This meeting of the Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs focused on substantial discussions regarding Senate Bill 7, which is a key legislative initiative addressing Texas' long-term water supply crisis. Chairman Perry emphasized the collaborative efforts over the past years to engage various stakeholders in crafting the bill, promoting transparency and accountability in the management of water resources. The bill aims to enhance Texas' water infrastructure and secure funding through dedicated revenue streams for water supply projects, as the state faces challenges associated with dwindling water availability. Several public testimonies were heard, reflecting both support and concerns from various sectors affected by water policies in the state. The committee aimed to ensure that the legislation not only addresses immediate needs but also creates a sustainable framework for future generations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part I) Mar 12th, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Committee on Natural Resources will now come
- One of the things—hold on a second, Senator.
- Senator Alvarado sends up a committee substitute for Senate Bill 763. We won't...
- and the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Economic Development unanimously.
- We'll open public testimony on Senate Bill 1198.
Keywords:
concrete plants, environmental regulation, permit process, air quality, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, orphaned wells, plugging, replugging, Railroad Commission, liability, oil and gas, spaceports, critical infrastructure, criminal liability, civil liability, aerospace industry, SB1150, inactive wells, oil and gas, Railroad Commission
Summary:
The meeting centered around the discussion of SB1150, which is designed to address the issue of inactive wells in Texas. Senator Middleton presented the bill, highlighting the concerns surrounding the current regulations that allow wells to remain inactive indefinitely, which poses various risks to health, safety, and the environment. The proposed legislation includes requirements for owners to plug or return inactive wells to production after certain timelines, with a compliance plan to be evaluated by the Railroad Commission. Several stakeholders participated in the discussion, expressing their support and emphasizing the importance of addressing the rising costs associated with orphaned wells and the financial burden on taxpayers. The bill is seen as a critical step toward sustainable oil and gas management in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
and get through some committee business while we're waiting on one
- Senator Parker moves adoption of the committee substitute for Senate Bill 204.
- Senator Parker sends up a committee.
- We'll take... we'll vote on them later and let the committee show that Senators Menéndez, West, and Bettencourt
- Senator King sends up the committee substitute for Senate Bill 13, and Senator Paxton, your...
Keywords:
parental rights, education, social transitioning, diversity, equity, inclusion, school policy, student clubs, school district, grievance procedure, public education, diversity and inclusion, funding penalties, school libraries, library advisory councils, parental rights, library materials, educational content, challenging materials, parental rights
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on various bills primarily aimed at enhancing parental rights within the educational system. Notable discussions included Senate Bill 204, which mandates the creation of a user-friendly handbook for parents detailing their rights regarding their children's education, and Senate Bill 609, designed to hold school districts accountable to parents and ensure transparency in educational practices. A significant amount of public testimony was offered both for and against these measures, reflecting the contentious nature of the subject matter. Senators emphasized the importance of parental involvement and education reform, fostering a robust dialogue among committee members and constituents alike. The meeting concluded with a commitment to address all bills thoroughly and attentively.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Senator: The Senate will come to order.
To nominations: The following bills on first reading and
- reference to committee.
Senator: Mr.
- Senator Zaffirini: Mr.
Keywords:
Education Savings Account, SB2, Senate, legislation, Senator Creighton, Senator Zaffirini, Texas education reform
Summary:
The meeting convened with a focus on the discussion surrounding SB2, which pertains to the establishment of an Education Savings Account Program. Senator Creighton and other members articulated their perspectives on the bill, highlighting its potential impact on educational funding and choice for families in Texas. The session included formal motions regarding the proceedings, with Senator Zaffirini advocating for motions to be recorded in the journal. Overall, the meeting underscored the importance of educational reforms and the legislative process involved in addressing those reforms.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Education K-16 Mar 4th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 569 is a refile of Senate Bill 1861 that passed this committee unanimously.
- Senator Middleton moves adoption of the committee substitute for Senate Bill 569.
Having served on that committee with Senator West and
- Members on the vote count, there being 10 ayes and 1 nay on Senate Bill 11.
- , and on a motion by Senator Higginbotham, the Senate Committee on Education K-16 will stand recess to
Keywords:
virtual education, Senate Bill 569, public testimony, educational accessibility, student needs, flexible learning
Summary:
The Senate Education Committee meeting addressed several bills aimed at enhancing educational opportunities in Texas, notably focusing on virtual education and its implications. Senate Bill 569, introduced by Senator Betancourt, garnered considerable support, emphasizing the need for accessible high-quality virtual education. The committee heard public testimony from various stakeholders, including educators and students, who highlighted the significance of flexible learning environments in meeting diverse student needs. Key testimonies underscored that virtual education is not just beneficial for struggling learners but also advantageous for high-achieving students seeking more flexibility in their academic pursuits.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting Aug 17th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting
- We have a second from Senator Miles on that.
- Public testimony will be on Senate Bill 4.
- Democratic caucus, to the senators that walked out during the vote on the Senate floor.
- Chairman: On Senate Bill 4, Senator Parker moves that Senate
Keywords:
redistricting, Senate Bill 4, public testimony, Texas legislature, partisan gain, minority representation, Senator King
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting focused primarily on Senate Bill 4, which has sparked considerable public debate due to its implications on redistricting following the recent census. Senator King laid out the intent and details of SB4, which aims to make significant adjustments that critics argue will disenfranchise minority populations in Texas. Throughout the meeting, concerned citizens shared their testimonies, voicing opposition to the bill primarily on grounds that it manipulates district lines for partisan gain rather than community representation. The emotional testimonies of witnesses highlighted the serious concerns of many about representation in the Texas legislature going forward.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This is my fourth term on this committee.
- I know Representative Swanson is on her fifth term on this committee, so we have spent a lot of time
- It's exciting to be on this committee. Committee.
- It's good to be on this committee, so thank you.
- I will look with more interest now that I'm on the committee.
Keywords:
election integrity, Senate Bill 924, polling locations, worker recruitment, election security, 2024 elections, voter confidence
Summary:
The House Committee on Elections convened a session to evaluate recent legislative changes and their implications on the electoral process. A key focus was on enhancing election integrity and procedures, including discussions about Senate Bill 924, which aims to address challenges related to polling locations and worker recruitment in Texas counties. Various members acknowledged the crucial role local election officials play in implementing reforms and managing elections amidst growing scrutiny and challenges such as natural disasters and security threats. The session highlighted the resilience and coordination efforts of election officials across the state.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- And then I just wanted to go through one by one the recommendations.
- Well, as candidates, everyone on this dais, with the exception of the Senate, is a candidate, or has
- One is just on the Capitol complex.
- That one was done on private— Shines in the sun, right?
- in the state, and as those of you who have been on this committee
Keywords:
Public Utility Commission, Senate Bill 1929, HB2555, crypto mining, system resiliency, infrastructure standards, Permian Basin
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on the activities and initiatives of the Public Utility Commission (PUC) since the last legislative session. Key discussions included the implementation of Senate Bill 1929 regarding large crypto miners in Texas, which has led to 12 companies registering with the PUC and a projected demand of around 4,000 megawatts. Additionally, the committee addressed system resiliency plans authorized by HB2555, which allows electric utilities to file these plans to better handle extreme weather events and security threats. The meeting showcased the ongoing efforts to ensure infrastructure can meet growing demands, particularly in the rapidly expanding Permian Basin, and highlighted the need for minimum standards for utility infrastructure design, construction, and maintenance to improve resiliency against adverse conditions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Health May 22nd, 2025 at 08:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- Nicole, on behalf of We Are Blood and yourself, are you testifying against Senate Bill 125, is that correct
- On average, we have about one to three days of blood on our shelves.
- Gamboa testifying on behalf of herself in support of Senate
- So on the one hand.
- Hearing none, the Committee on Public Health stands adjourned, subject to the call.
Keywords:
Senate Bill 125, blood donation, directed donations, public health, patient care, blood safety, infectious diseases
Summary:
The meeting of the Public Health Committee focused on several significant bills concerning blood donation practices and patient care. Notably, Senate Bill 125 faced opposition from multiple testimonies that raised concerns about the potential risks associated with directed donations. Testimony from representatives of the blood centers highlighted alarming statistics about the increased incidence of infectious diseases among directed donors, urging the committee to reconsider the bill's implications. Supporters of the bill argued for the necessity of such provisions to protect patients with rare blood types, stressing the importance of ensuring their access to appropriate care. As discussions unfolded, the challenges of maintaining a balanced blood supply while accommodating specific patient needs became a central theme.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Mar 3rd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs will
- The chair recognizes Senator Alvarado on Senate Bill 790.
So, any questions for the Senator on this?
- Okay, on Senate Bill SB40, the only one we have is Jerry.
- It will stay on the full Senate.
Senator Sparks.
Keywords:
Texas Water Day, water management, public utilities, emergency response, Senate Bill 790, SB971, SB1066, community projects
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs convened to discuss multiple key pieces of legislation focused on water management, emergency response, and related matters commemorating Texas Water Day. Notably, Senate Bill 790, introduced by Senator Alvarado, seeks to implement a simplified resolution process for tenant complaints regarding water discrepancies, which could reduce lengthy administrative hearings. During the session, several bills were passed without opposition, including SB971, which cleaned up inconsistent definitions related to rural political subdivisions, and SB1066, which amended payment and performance bond thresholds, promoting more local vendor access for community projects. The discussions revealed the committee's intent to streamline processes and better address the ongoing challenges faced in water management and emergency services, which are becoming increasingly critical in the face of climate change and resource scarcity.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Jul 23rd, 2025 at 09:07 am
House Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Welcome to the first joint hearing of the Senate and House Select Committees on Disaster Preparedness
- by the Senate Committee Coordinator during the regular session.
- I look forward to working with you on that. Thank you, Senator.
- One more, this is for any of y'all on the committee.
- I'm grateful to be on this committee.
Keywords:
flood management, Senate Bill 8, flood infrastructure fund, emergency response, public safety, regional planning, Texas floods
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on flood management and response strategies following the recent devastating floods in Texas. Notably, discussions centered around the creation of a flood infrastructure fund and Senate Bill 8, which aims to improve regional flood planning processes. Several experts provided insights into the challenges faced during the floods, including communication barriers, emergency response efforts, and the need for better coordination among local and state agencies. Public sentiments were shared regarding the necessity for improved flood prevention measures, conservation plans, and the expansion of existing infrastructure to cope with future climatic challenges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session May 25th, 2025 at 02:05 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- this committee, to be on this stage.
- So there was no full committee hearing on this bill.
- Also, the committee, the entire committee, voted on this bill.
- The Committee on Calendars will...
- the Committee on Calendars.
Bills:
SB835, SB3070, SB22, SJR59, SB926, SB1494, SB251, SB456, SB500, SB1307, SB2615, SB2995, SB2321, SB973, SB974, SB865, SB506, SB781, SB1522, SB1558, SB510, SB667, SB763, SB2073, SB1858, SB1660, SB505, SB2900, SB1433, SB1540, SB1964, SB1300, SB1644, SB2217, SB2373, SB2431, SB1758, SB2480, SB3039, SB3047, SB3073, SB2920, SB2781, SB826, SB766, SB2460, SB527, SB1946, SB2885, SB1243, SB2610, SB2595, SB857, SB37, SB8, SB10, SB227, SB261, SB12, SB15, SJR27, SB552, SB835, SB3070, SB22, SJR59, SB25, SB57, SB127, SB293, SB441, SB3059, SB512, SB241, SB1718, SB140, SB2055, SB2075, SB2018, SB1534, SB1567, SB785, SB1233, SB1580, SB1663, SB413, SB447, SB519, SB467, SB1579, SB1191, SB1021, SB1838, SB2807, SB2835, SB546, SB2121, SB2167, SB2035, SB2024, SB1032, SB1049, SB1266, SB1400, SB1302, SB401, SB1596, SB1281, SB1242, SB1343, SB310, SB1346, SB2753, SB2703, SB2221, SB1719, SB2177, SB800, SB790, SB748, SB571, SB1957, SB1923, SB1896, SB1760, SB1335, SB2368, SB2477, SB2587, SB2972, SB2986, SB2965, SB1563, SB1467, SB1164, SB1137, SB614, SB705, SB961, SB918, SB955, SB869, SB850, SB863, SB1610, SB1055, SB2206, SB457, SB2337, SB1362, SB926, SB1494, SB251, SB456, SB500, SB1307, SB2615, SB2995, SB2321, SB973, SB974, SB865, SB506, SB781, SB1522, SB1558, SB510, SB667, SB763, SB2073, SB1858, SB1660, SB505, SB2900, SB1433, SB1540, SB1964, SB1300, SB1644, SB2217, SB2373, SB2431, SB1758, SB2480, SB3039, SB3047, SB3073, SB2920, SB2781, SB826, SB766, SB2460, SB527, SB1946, SB2885, SB1243, SB2610, SB2595, SB857, SCR9, HB5560, HB762, HB107, HB114, HB300, HB138, HB4386, HB2495, HB581, HB3348, HB5323
Keywords:
sexual abuse, nondisclosure agreements, confidentiality agreements, public policy, victim rights, lottery, bingo, regulation, Texas Lottery Commission, Department of Licensing and Regulation, criminal offenses, state administration, audits, transfers, Texas, moving image industry, incentive program, film production, grant funding, job creation
Summary:
The meeting covered a variety of bills including discussions around SB261, SB12, and SB15, with members expressing diverse viewpoints on their implications. A significant focus was on SB12, also known as the Texas Parent Bill of Rights, which sparked a debate over parental rights in public education and the responsibilities of school districts. The bill passed with a notable vote of 88 to 47, reflecting its contentious nature. Other bills like SB15 were challenged, raising concerns about their potential to limit application to specific municipalities and address the ongoing affordability crisis in Texas by modifying residential housing requirements. Overall, the atmosphere was characterized by vibrant debate and active participation from both members and the public.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Committee on Local Government will come to order.
- Senator Cook sends up the committee substitute to Senate Bill 1052.
- We'll begin public testimony on the committee substitute for Senate Bill 1052.
- We'll begin public testimony on the committee substitute for Senate Bill 467 and also on...
- Hearing none, the public testimony is now closed on both the committee substitute for Senate Bill 467
Bills:
SB467, SB325, SB867, SB994, SB1052, SB1237, SB1449, SB1531, SB2063, SB2172, SB2173, SB2520, SB2529, SB2538, SB2541, SJR46, SJR84
Keywords:
county regulation, subdivision, land use, agriculture, water management, county regulation, land subdivision, agricultural use, water management, rural development, state funding, education, local governance, budget allocations, tax implications, subdivision regulation, county authority, land division, agricultural land, water management
Summary:
During this committee meeting, several critical bills were deliberated, reflecting the legislators' commitment to addressing property tax regulations and groundwater issues in Texas. Notably, Senate Bill 325 was introduced to close loopholes created by House Bill 3697, ensuring that subdivisions reliant on private roads must demonstrate groundwater availability, a move praised by representatives from environmental and public welfare organizations. The bill emphasizes the necessity for sustainable development practices to prevent future water shortages. Another significant focus was Senate Bill 2172, which aims to rectify the erroneous interpretation of the tax code regarding homestead exemptions, protecting compliant homeowners from unfair tax burdens. This cleanup bill clarifies reapplication processes for homestead exemptions to prevent confusion among appraisal districts and homeowners alike. Public testimony from various stakeholders echoed widespread support for the bills, highlighting the importance of transparency and fair administration in property-related legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Committee on Local Government will come to order
- Good afternoon, Chairman Bettencourt and esteemed members of the Senate Committee on Local Government
- for Senate Bill 467 and also on.
- Senator Nichols sends up the committee to Senate Bill 2172.
- is voting yes on Senate Bill 2073.
Bills:
SB467, SB325, SB867, SB994, SB1052, SB1237, SB1449, SB1531, SB2063, SB2172, SB2173, SB2520, SB2529, SB2538, SB2541, SJR46, SJR84
Keywords:
county regulation, subdivision, land use, agriculture, water management, county regulation, land subdivision, agricultural use, water management, rural development, state funding, education, local governance, budget allocations, tax implications, subdivision regulation, county authority, land division, agricultural land, water management
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Local Government covered various pressing bills focused primarily on property tax issues. Notable discussions included the examination of Senate Bill 1052, which addresses appraisal challenges faced by Gulf Coast counties and aims to ensure tax calculations reflect realistic revenue expectations. Witnesses from local governments expressed the necessity of this bill, highlighting the severe financial implications of tax disputes on public services and education. Additionally, the committee reviewed Senate Bill 325, which reinforces the requirement for water availability to be confirmed prior to land development, as previous loopholes allowed developers to bypass this essential regulation. Public testimonies echoed concerns around the implications of unchecked property development and emphasized the need for proper resource allocation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Hearing none, the Committee on Nominations, upon motion by Vice Chair Hagenbuch...
- The Senate Committee on Nominations is in recess, subject
- I strongly urge all of the members of the committee to sign on to the bill with the senator and also
- Committee on State is adjourned.
- All right, is there anybody that would like to testify on Senate Bill 850 or the committee substitute
Keywords:
school safety, border security, fentanyl trafficking, public testimony, legislative funding, mental health resources, Texas Senate, safety protocols
Summary:
The meeting revolved around various critical discussions, primarily focusing on school safety and the challenges surrounding border security. Key testimonies highlighted the significant strides made in reducing illegal crossings but emphasized the need for continued vigilance against crime and drug trafficking, particularly fentanyl. Members expressed gratitude towards the Texas Senate's supportive role in funding for safety measures and strengthening resources to keep the state safe. Conversations also centered around the implementation of new safety protocols in schools, including the establishment of the Office of School Safety and Security, and how schools are addressing vulnerabilities identified from assessments. Furthermore, the importance of mental health resources was underscored as a complement to physical security improvements within educational institutions.