Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'property designation'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Mar 26th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Today I'm here to speak to you about House Bill 149, which is designed to address...
- We're a property and casualty...
- Without careful design of something like that, Texas will become just kind of an open door for...
- And so part of that is it's a major design to look at members.
- It could be, but it depends on how it gets designed.
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, regulation, biometric data, ethical AI, consumer protection, AI governance, employment compensation, state agencies, salary payments, general appropriations, government efficiency, public works, contractors, payment bonds, government contracts, construction law, transparency, open meetings, government accountability, public access
Summary:
The meeting of the committee involved detailed discussions surrounding several key pieces of legislation, most notably focused on the implications of artificial intelligence through HB149. This bill was presented by Chairman Capriglione as a comprehensive framework aimed at addressing potential harms associated with AI usage in Texas, emphasizing consumer protection and accountability. Witnesses from various organizations provided input, highlighting the bill's aim to create clarity around acceptable AI practices while simultaneously fostering innovation. Some members raised concerns over specific provisions related to political viewpoint discrimination and local preemption, indicating a need for adjustments to ensure comprehensive protections without infringing on existing rights.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Justice May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- charges when cybercrime crosses county lines, especially when dealing with intangible personal properties
- such as digital assets like cryptocurrency, online fraud, or intellectual property theft.
- definition, it means that our bodies will be granted the same protections already afforded to our property
- Witches or the Brank's Bridle was a device designed to punish
Keywords:
legal reforms, public safety, house bills, sexual violence, law enforcement, consent definition, criminal justice, victim protection
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was marked by extensive discussions on various bills, focusing primarily on enhancing legal measures and protections in criminal cases. Notable among the discussions was HB3073, known as the Summer Willis Act, which aims to provide a clearer statutory definition of consent regarding sexual violence. The bill received overwhelming support as it seeks to close existing gaps in Texas law to better protect survivors. Additionally, HB1871, which increases penalties for attempted capital murder of a peace officer, was presented by Senator Schwartner, emphasizing the need for stronger deterrents against attacks on law enforcement officials. The committee moved several bills to the full Senate with favorable recommendations, showcasing a unified effort towards legislative progress in public safety and survivor protections.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part I) May 7th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- In the fall of 2023, the hospital in LaGrange closed after they had attempted an REH designation.
- span> We're a 22-bed critical access hospital, level 4 trauma designated
- , and also maternal and neonatal designated.
- It meets the standard and it meets the designation requirements, but it's obviously not the optimal care
- ="1415"> We are a hospital district, and we have a 501c3 that operates the hospital, leasing the property
Bills:
HB18, HB37, HB116, HB388, HB879, HB913, HB1151, HB2216, HB2358, HB2809, SB577, SB1590, SB1782, SB1887, SB2744
Keywords:
rural health, hospital funding, healthcare access, mental health services, financial stability, perinatal bereavement, healthcare, hospital training, bereavement support, maternal care, fetal demise, stillbirth, neonatal death, parent-child relationship, involuntary termination, family law, child welfare, child protection, military veterans, healthcare licensing
Summary:
The meeting of the committee included extensive discussions around several key bills focused on child welfare and health care initiatives. Notably, Senate Bill 577 addressed the management of Social Security benefits for foster children, with multiple testimonies highlighting the importance of ensuring these benefits directly support the children's needs rather than offsetting departmental costs. Senator West passionately argued for better stewardship of these funds, citing the high number of foster youth in financial hardship and emphasizing the bill's potential to improve outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Public testimonies both supported and raised concerns, particularly regarding the potential implications of the bill on children's welfare and parental rights.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine worldwide threats; to be immediately followed by a closed hearing in SH-219. Mar 25th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Intelligence (Select) Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- "235" data-time="2808"> While these non-state cyber actors often seek financial and intellectual property
- This was in direct response to U.S. export controls on chips designed to broadly limit PRC access to
- span marker="255" data-time="3048">Russia is building a more modern and survivable nuclear force designed
- ties, whether it be ISIS or another foreign terrorist organization, and now to include the new designations
Keywords:
national security, cyber threats, civil liberties, transnational crime, FISA Section 702, public-private partnership, intelligence community, Annual Threats Hearing
Summary:
The Senate Intelligence Committee convened for a significant meeting focused on the Annual Worldwide Threats Hearing. Prominent officials from various intelligence agencies presented their insights on emerging national security threats, including concerns over increasing cyber threats, particularly from China and non-state actors. A major discussion point included the balance between national security and civil liberties, as evidenced by conversations surrounding Section 702 of FISA and its implications for privacy protection. The challenges posed by cartels and transnational criminal organizations, especially related to narcotics trafficking, were emphasized as pressing issues necessitating coordinated responses from federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. This meeting underscored the necessity of public-private partnerships to tackle these multifaceted threats effectively.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="5526"> and then as general counsel to Senator Betancourt and the Senate Committee on Property
- span marker="928" data-time="5562">He now serves not only as the agency's leader but also as the designated
- and the Public Counsel, as Senator Eckhardt said, serves the unique role of being the statutorily designated
Keywords:
TCEQ, MUDs, Municipal Utility Districts, legislative control, environmental regulation, infrastructure, community concerns, transparency, growth management
Summary:
The meeting focused on discussions regarding the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's (TCEQ) oversight and regulations concerning Municipal Utility Districts (MUDs). Several members expressed concerns about the rapid growth facilitated by the creation of MUDs, with particular emphasis on the legislative authority over such entities. Senator Birdwell highlighted the importance of legislative control over MUD creation, discussing the second and third-order impacts on local communities and infrastructure. The discussion was characterized by a view that the current approval processes may lack necessary scrutiny, leading to community concerns about environmental impacts and infrastructure strain as new developments arise.
Public testimony revealed a sense of urgency among constituents regarding environmental regulations and the role TCEQ plays in managing the challenges of population growth. Members of the committee raised issues around the clarity of TCEQ's powers and responsibilities, advocating for more transparency and proactive community engagement from the agency. As the meeting concluded, the need for improved communication and the importance of ensuring compliance with state law were emphasized, with a promise from TCEQ representatives to address these concerns moving forward.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Culture, Recreation & Tourism Apr 15th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, this bill we heard previously designating Pflugerville as the official trail capital of Texas
- Members, this is a bill we heard previously re-designating Poteet as the official Strawberry Capital
- Members, this is a bill we heard previously re-designating Springs as the official wedding capital of
- Members, this is a bill we heard previously, designating Newton County as the official forest capital
- We can also mitigate economic loss from the failure to designate the WEC for the MOU.
Bills:
HB2385, HB3349, HB3962, HB3883, HB4396, HB4811, HB5088, HB4588, HB4867, HB4895, HB5398, HB5616
Keywords:
NRA, funding, major events reimbursement, annual meetings, exhibits, events trust fund, Pan American Games, Olympic Games, motor sports racing, funding, local control, event support contract, INDYCAR, funding, major events reimbursement, Arlington, tourism, major events reimbursement, funding eligibility, sporting events
Summary:
The meeting convened by Chair Metcalfe was characterized by the passage of multiple bills aimed at designating various regions in Texas for specific cultural or recreational significance, such as HCR 71 establishing LaSalle County as the Wild Hog Capital and HCR 86 naming Denton as the Halloween Capital of Texas. All bills discussed received unanimous support in the committee, signaling a cooperative atmosphere among committee members. Representative Flores brought forth House Bill 3883 which focuses on an important economic tool to spur Texas' competitive edge in hosting major events. The committee's voting process was efficient, as all motions to report the bills favorably passed without any opposition.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- and members, in the past few years, several local governments have adopted policies and ordinances designed
- There was a college counselor on the unit, and class schedules were designed to provide ample access
- Projectiles against a target are designed to temporarily
- But the very design of it was to do...
- I am also concerned about the inclusion of PSAT, which was designed to be a completely separate function
Bills:
SB552, SB1099, SB1124, SB1208, SB1372, SB1506, SB1667, SB1804, SB1806, SB1870, SB1936, SB1937, SB2180, SB2405, SB2569, SB2570, SB1646
Keywords:
community supervision, criminal justice, illegal alien, deferred adjudication, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, criminal procedure, discovery, defendant rights, evidence disclosure, justice system, crime laboratory, access, defense counsel, criminal proceedings, discovery, parole reform, inmate release, Board of Pardons and Paroles, recidivism, criminal justice
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice covered several significant legislative proposals aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the Texas criminal justice system. Lead discussions focused on SB2405, which received attention for its comprehensive approach towards modernizing the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) and addressing recommendations made by the Sunset Advisory Commission. The bill includes provisions for enhanced staff planning and updated rehabilitation programs that are expected to yield substantial cost savings while promoting public safety. Senators engaged actively, expressing their support and raising questions about the implications of the proposed changes, especially concerning parole processes and facility management.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 1st, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Current law requires the sexual assault to have occurred on the property.
- victim presented the landlord with the appropriate documentation as provided by section 92 of the property
- data-time="9828"> is a broad one, and so one of the concerns that I have is that this bill might be designed
- 13050">This is the bill we heard last week that allows the manager to assign council director to designate
- This bill is designed to enhance public safety by preventing registered sex offenders from serving as
Keywords:
sexual assault, victim rights, forensic examination, medical care, trauma-informed care, crime victims compensation, evidence retention, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, digital services, reporting requirements, children's protection, sex offender registration, indecent assault, educator-student relationship, criminal justice, legislation, crime victims, compensation fund, information disclosure
Summary:
The meeting of the Juvenile Justice Committee on March 26th focused on multiple significant bills aimed at enhancing the juvenile justice system. Noteworthy discussions included House Bill 1831, presented by Vice Chair Johnson, which seeks to expand juvenile eligibility for drug court programs with a goal of increasing access to rehabilitative treatment for youth. The bill received strong support, passing with a vote of 9-2, and was recommended for favorable reporting to the full House. Additionally, House Bill 2147, introduced by Chairman Van Dever, allows for remote juvenile depositions and court proceedings to increase access and efficiency in the legal process, also passing unanimously with a vote of 10-1. The committee members engaged in thorough debates regarding the impact of these bills on families and juveniles, emphasizing the importance of rehabilitation over punishment.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider the nomination of Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury; to be immediately followed by hearings to examine the nomination of Mehmet Oz, of Pennsylvania, to be Administrator of the Centers Mar 14th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Finance Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- , they installed a person as Chief Counsel who appears willing to help them break laws that were designed
- To homeowners, which crashes property values, and according
- more difficult to maintain benefits for disabled individuals and the people that Medicaid was truly designed
- those patients, you stretch resources very thinly for the people for whom Medicaid was originally designed
- We have China stealing our intellectual property and leveraging health technologies for their warfighters
Keywords:
Michael Falkender, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, IRS, taxpayer privacy, nomination process, committee hearing
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss critical issues surrounding the nomination of Michael Falkender for the position of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. This meeting included a series of remarks from committee members who expressed divergent views on Falkender's qualifications and the implications of his appointment. Senator Wyden voiced strong opposition, arguing that Falkender represents harmful policies expected to be perpetuated under the current administration, especially concerning taxpayer privacy and IRS tactics. Meanwhile, other members defended Falkender, noting his extensive experience, including a commitment to transparency in government operations if confirmed.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Mar 4th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We are a federally designated urban work college, enrolling
- For others, that could mean a hybrid online program designed to accommodate their work and family needs
- ...that we offer at the UT system is designed for every
- There are a lot of questions regarding how that rate was created, and in many ways, it was designed to
- is to understand that Texas A&M is designated as one of
Keywords:
HB8, community colleges, higher education, workforce development, dual credit programs, economic growth, student success
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on the transformative impact of House Bill 8, which restructured community college funding to emphasize outcomes that align with workforce needs. Dr. Brenda Kays highlighted the importance of community colleges in building Texas's economy, discussing successful partnerships that have emerged from the new framework provided by the bill. Testimonies from various representatives underscored the effectiveness of dual credit initiatives and workforce training, pointing out that increased enrollment and program development directly address regional skill gaps in high-demand fields such as healthcare and technical trades. The discussions revealed a commitment to ensuring that community colleges adapt to changing economic landscapes by equipping students with the skills necessary for sustainable employment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, this is Representative Cunningham's bill that we previously heard which relates to the designation
- we heard previously relating to reimbursing employees of DFPS for loss of or damage to personal property
- this program was designed to be for.
Bills:
HB2510, HB3589, HB4611, HB4655, HB4665, HB4666, HB4670, HB4700, HB4730, HB4798, HB4838, HB5136, HB5243, HB5302, HB5539
Keywords:
assisted living, healthcare, licensing, criminal offense, personal assistance, group home, licensing, regulation, health and safety, inspections, resident care, criminal background checks, adoption, parental rights, registry, vital statistics, disclosure, counseling, foster care, independent living
Summary:
During this meeting of the committee, key discussions were held regarding various bills, particularly those concerning contract requirements related to the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Multiple bills, such as HB4129, HB4130, and HB4131, were unanimously reported favorably without any debate, showcasing a clear consensus among members about their importance in regulating contracts with single-source continuum contractors. Notable attention was also directed towards HB3750, which pertains to reimbursement for legal expenses incurred by DFPS employees, demonstrating acknowledgment of the need to protect staff operating in complex legal environments. Public testimony was welcomed, allowing voices from the community to add value to the legislative dialogue. The meeting concluded with a commitment to continue examining the implications of these bills as they move forward in the legislative process.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Feb 27th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Article III
Transcript Highlights:
- currently, what we've been working on is that we have one of only seven unmanned aircraft systems designations
- or TxREP, a community-driven initiative designed to strengthen
- TechSRIP was designed to address these challenges head-on, but the strong demand and unmet healthcare
- The roadsides that guided you here were designed and tested by TTI to enhance visibility, stability,
- This unique funding model and the lack of property tax revenue available to other two-year institutions
Keywords:
workforce development, health services, veterinary care, community colleges, emergency management
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss critical funding and legislative matters regarding various state initiatives, notably focusing on workforce development, health services, and emergency management. The discussions revealed the heightened importance of supporting community colleges and addressing workforce shortages in healthcare, especially considering the increased demand for veterinary services as pet ownership rose due to the pandemic. Representatives from various organizations presented their requests for funding, emphasizing the necessity of enhancing educational outcomes and preparedness programs.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="376" data-time="2250"> ...purchase, and they are designated
- The program offers a 25% tax credit for the rehabilitation of certified historic structures or non-property
Keywords:
Texas Future Fund, investment review board, economic stabilization, innovative technology, national defense, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, salary supplement, county judges, judicial functions, state law, government compensation, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several house bills, notably those concerning environmental conservation, tax incentives for local businesses, and public safety. Key discussions revolved around HB3486, which introduces a sales and use tax incentive for restaurants purchasing Texas farm-raised oysters. Testimonies highlighted the importance of supporting local oyster farming to mitigate the decline of natural oyster reefs, and several witnesses praised the initiative for its potential environmental benefits. HB2688 also received attention, where representatives emphasized its role in enhancing public safety through improved support for police officers, echoing the community's need for stable recruitment and retention strategies in law enforcement.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine bridging the gap, focusing on enhancing outreach to support veterans' mental health. Apr 29th, 2025 at 09:30 am
Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- 6936">Third, VA collaboration and compliance: most importantly, we strongly support the provisions designed
- Yet when we return home, we face systems not designed with us in mind.
- Since October of last year, we know of at least 13 veterans who died by suicide on VA property.
- We must acknowledge that we are facing a systems design failure, one worsened by political decisions
Keywords:
veterans, mental health, suicide prevention, Staff Sergeant Parker Gordon Fox Grant Program, HOPE Act, BRAVE Act, Every State Counts for Vets Mental Health Act, advocacy, legislation, mental health resources
Summary:
The committee meeting focused primarily on the critical issues surrounding veterans' mental health and suicide prevention. Discussions centered on the reauthorization of essential programs aimed at providing non-clinical support services to veterans, particularly the Staff Sergeant Parker Gordon Fox Suicide Prevention Grant Program. Senators emphasized the urgent need for adequate mental health resources as the suicide rate among veterans remains alarmingly high. Key testimonies were provided by various advocates and officials, illustrating both successful implementations of these programs and areas needing improvement.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Mar 18th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The current federal drug approval system simply did not contemplate and is not designed to effectively
- However, the clinical trial system created in the 1960s was designed for evaluating drugs that would
- ...the PBM to design our prescription drug system.
This is a lawyer-friendly bill that's designed to
- health care providers and what SB619 is designed to help
Keywords:
immunization, written informed consent, civil liability, health care provider, vaccine compensation, administrative penalty, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, conscience protection, health care services, civil remedy, disciplinary action, health care providers, patient access, hospital safety, emergency room, bollards
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was focused predominantly on various bills concerning healthcare and insurance policies, reflecting significant discussions on how these laws impact the community. Notably, Senate Bill 660 was introduced to enhance safety measures at healthcare facilities, discussing the necessity for bollards to prevent unauthorized vehicular access, highlighting a bipartisan understanding of public safety. Senator West emphasized the importance of these regulations, citing real-world incidents that necessitate such actions. Public testimonies complimented this discussion, providing insight into community needs for enhanced security in hospitals.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part I) May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- If your sign gets blown out, rather than putting it on your property...
- having difficult times staying in business and paying insurance, and that's what this bill is really designed
- is Representative Patterson's bill, sponsored by Senator Hinojosa, concerning the authority of a property
- /span> To regulate the assembly, association, and speech of property
Keywords:
committee meeting, HB4749, SB621, HB201, HB3133, deepfake legislation, social media, public testimony, tactical medical professionals
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the committee saw extensive discussion surrounding several key bills, including HB4749, SB621, and HB201. Notably, HB3133, which involves legislation regarding explicit deepfake content and social media, was presented and debated vigorously with a committee substitute being proposed to align it with federal standards following the recent federal 'Take It Down' Act. The committee moved to report several bills favorably, including HB1506, emphasizing support for updating laws concerning political contributions and expenditures. Public testimonies were held on various bills, allowing stakeholders to voice their perspectives, particularly on legislation concerning tactical medical professionals and their role during high-risk incidents. The committee concluded the meeting by laying out additional bills for further discussion in subsequent sessions, underscoring a commitment to thorough legislative review.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- allowing the Constitution to operate in the way that it was designed
- Relating to property taxes, all the kinds of issues that
- I will physically visit every property that is subject to acquisition. I'm very...
- businesses is important, and obviously, if you’re a small business, you don’t have an HR department designated
Keywords:
Texas Water Fund, water management, infrastructure funding, local governments, workforce development, community colleges, educational programs, sustainability
Summary:
The meeting focused on several crucial issues, including the Texas Water Fund and its implications for development in the state. Various members highlighted the critical need for effective management of water resources, discussing the role of the Water Development Board and their strategies for outreach to local governments. The committee engaged in a thorough examination of funding projects and the sustainable financing necessary for communities facing challenges in meeting their infrastructure needs. Additionally, there was notable discussion regarding promoting workforce development and the alignment of educational programs with the demands of the job market as indicated by recent trends in community colleges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 25th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- All while zeroing out its property tax in September 2024. Eat your heart out.
The program is designed to promote the study of government
Keywords:
Texas Food and Fuel Association, HR306, healthcare awareness, public participation, legislative resolutions
Summary:
The meeting focused on various resolutions and bills, demonstrating active participation from all members present. Notably, HR309 was adopted, recognizing the contributions of the Texas Food and Fuel Association in supporting the oil and gas industry for over 70 years. Representatives emphasized the organization's role in ensuring the supply and distribution of fuel across Texas and highlighted their commitment to education and professional development within the industry. Other resolutions discussed included HR306, which recognized March 2025 as Bleeding Disorders Awareness Month, illustrating the committee's engagement with healthcare issues.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- appropriating money for the legacy payments, adding a Tier 4 that changes or adds a different plan design
- Members, this is the bill we heard previously that relates to an exemption for certain property owners
Bills:
HB886, HB1514, HB2434, HB2688, HB2802, HB3161, HB3221, HB4029, HB4339, HB4774, HB4802, HB4853, HB5627, SB1737, HB4591
Keywords:
retirement, supplemental payment, benefits, Employees Retirement System, eligible annuitants, legislation, annuity, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age, DROP program, actuarial studies, pension benefits
Summary:
During the meeting, the committee discussed several important bills focused on state employee pensions, the education sector, and consumer credit resources. One of the main topics was HB886, which proposes a 13th check for state retirees to help alleviate financial challenges faced by those who have not seen any pension adjustments for over a decade. The bill received support from various stakeholders who emphasized its necessity given the rising costs of living and inflation. Additionally, HB3221 was examined, addressing unequal pension contributions between traditional school districts and charter schools, which has placed undue financial burdens on charter schools since 2019. The bill aims to unify the contribution rates to ensure fairness and retain essential funding for education.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine opportunities to strengthen water infrastructure programs, focusing on the IIJA's successes. Apr 30th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Environment and Public Works Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Were designed to help.
- ...often deep under the property of a person's home or a
Keywords:
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, water infrastructure, lead service lines, federal reauthorization, sustainability, cybersecurity
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and its implications for local water systems. Various witnesses highlighted the transformative impact of the bipartisan infrastructure law, which has provided an unprecedented amount of funding to help address long-standing issues in drinking water infrastructure, particularly concerning lead service line replacements and sustainability in water management. The discussions emphasized the urgent need for federal reauthorization to continue supporting these initiatives, as many rural and disadvantaged communities still face substantial barriers in upgrading their water systems. Additionally, cybersecurity risks were noted, raising concerns over the vulnerability of water systems across the nation.