Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'county regulation'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- stand-alone EMS in their district, and predominantly stand-alone EMS districts are in rural or suburban counties
- member of the EMS Association, and we have written testimony from the Chief of EMS in Montgomery County
- span> However, right now there are fire stations across Travis County
- span marker="673" data-time="4032">SB 2430 establishes Chapter 51B in the Texas Education Code to regulate
Keywords:
tuition exemption, paramedics, higher education, public institutions, laboratory fees, education code, financial aid, education, student support, scholarships, higher education, nontraditional education, student enrollment, financial assistance, higher education, Texas students, foreign adversaries, higher education, trade secrets, research integrity
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Education K-16 was characterized by a series of discussions on multiple Senate Bills aimed at enhancing educational opportunities across the state. Notably, SB750 was presented by Senator Eckhardt, which seeks to close a loophole that currently excludes standalone EMS employees from receiving tuition exemptions available to firefighters and law enforcement. The testimony from James Monks of the Austin EMS Association highlighted the critical shortage of EMS personnel and the need for incentives to attract workers to this career path. The committee allowed public testimony, which generally supported the bill, leading to positive discussions among members regarding the importance of equal benefits for all first responders.
Additionally, SB2430, introduced by Senator Higginbotham, aims to regulate higher education institutions' interactions with foreign adversaries. The bill received support from witnesses such as Michael Lucci, who emphasized the necessity of securing Texas's higher education from potential threats while facilitating collaborations with trusted entities. These discussions emphasized the need for strategies that not only bolster educational funding and accessibility but also protect academic integrity. Overall, the meeting was well-attended, with robust engagement from both committee members and the public.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 28th, 2025 at 02:04 pm
House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships
Transcript Highlights:
- In our county, we have an informed court.
- Federal law and regulations authorize the Children's Bureau.
We, well, in Travis County.
- I'm an assistant county attorney in El Paso County.
- It would be adopted by the judge of that county and given to the committee.
Bills:
HCR10, HB1814, HB2160, HB2353, HB2643, HB2971, HB3282, HB3382, HB3996, HB4507, HB4509, HB4805, HB5551, HB1863
Keywords:
family abduction, child safety, custodial rights, parental kidnapping, awareness day, marriage license, informal marriage, family code, identity verification, child support, family law, child custody, court interview, parent-child relationship, child welfare, attorney ad litem, compensation, parent-child relationship, legal representation, government entity
Summary:
The meeting of the Family and Fiduciary Relationships Committee involved extensive discussions focused on improvements in family law, particularly regarding child welfare and representation in court. Several bills were presented, including HB3382, which aims to enhance the standard of representation for children and parents in legal proceedings. Testimony highlighted concerns over attorney performance and the necessity of timely communication between attorneys and their young clients. Members voiced both support and opposition, especially regarding the timelines set forth for attorney consultations prior to hearings, reflecting a strong concern for the welfare of children involved in custody and welfare cases.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
We usually serve around a hundred counties annually
- They don't know that there might be one in their county or that they've been assigned to one regionally
- This is an action that has to be filed in district court, assuming in the situs, the county where the
- They would, and also even in Harris County, for example, there is a whole juvenile...
- I'm David Vinson, Superintendent of Wiley Independent School District in the Collin County area.
Keywords:
education funding, Texas State Technical College System, constitutional amendment, capital projects, workforce education, mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, behavioral interventions, career readiness, education reform, workforce training, public schools, financial aid, vendor contracts, school district, criminal offense, conflict of interest, educational governance
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Education, K-16, revolved around multiple bills, notably HB1188, HB2856, HB3126, HJR5, and HB6. Key discussions highlighted the importance of early intervention for families with special needs through HB1188, which aims to provide better resources for parents. Public testimony included compelling narratives that underscored the personal impact of such legislation. Additionally, the committee engaged in important dialogue concerning student discipline, specifically focusing on vaping in schools and its consequences under HB6.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- qualified as a parent, but the role they had in place that the staff wrote, it was an administrative regulation
- And one of the things that I will just say, and I live in Collin County, which is a fairly affluent county
- Let’s use Dallas and Collin County; if Dallas Independence...
- Dufferin County. Anyway, we had an industry that had a contract with the school district.
Bills:
SB2920, SB2929, SB2398, SB865, SB401, SB2619, SB2927, SB1395, SB1972, SB2540, SB1635, SB1581, SB2008
Keywords:
steroids, student athletes, athletic competition, University Interscholastic League, medical purpose, gender transition, school athletics, spectator conduct, referees, ejection policy, extracurricular activities, concussion, brain injury, school policy, academic accommodations, student welfare, cardiac arrest, emergency response, CPR training, automated external defibrillators
Summary:
The meeting of the committee primarily addressed several significant bills, including SB2398 which aims to ensure that students recovering from concussions receive timely accommodations to support their academic, social, and behavioral needs. Senator Campbell presented the bill, emphasizing its importance in preventing long-term setbacks for affected students. The committee heard from various stakeholders, and testimony reflected strong support for the bill's intent, although concerns were raised regarding implementation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 3rd, 2025 at 10:00 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- ...and sound regulation.
- ...and proper regulation.
Obviously, being the banking department, we regulate
We regulate trust companies.
- We regulate foreign bank organizations such as foreign bank branches and agencies.
Summary:
The committee meeting covered various legislative topics, with a focus on upcoming bills and their implications for local communities. Members discussed the importance of public input and oversight in the legislative process. Some members expressed concerns about maintaining transparency while navigating complex issues. The session included testimonies from stakeholders, emphasizing the significance of collaboration between legislators and the community. The meeting ended with a call for more comprehensive discussions in future sessions, as well as a commitment to address the feedback received.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Justice May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Office, and I'm here representing the Dallas County District Attorney.
- But I guess you're trying to address the concerns in other counties.
- I'm the District Attorney in Williamson County.
- I cover Atascosa, Wilson, LaSalle, Frio, and Karnes County.
- In some of my counties, it is true that everyone knows everyone.
Keywords:
legal reforms, public safety, house bills, sexual violence, law enforcement, consent definition, criminal justice, victim protection
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was marked by extensive discussions on various bills, focusing primarily on enhancing legal measures and protections in criminal cases. Notable among the discussions was HB3073, known as the Summer Willis Act, which aims to provide a clearer statutory definition of consent regarding sexual violence. The bill received overwhelming support as it seeks to close existing gaps in Texas law to better protect survivors. Additionally, HB1871, which increases penalties for attempted capital murder of a peace officer, was presented by Senator Schwartner, emphasizing the need for stronger deterrents against attacks on law enforcement officials. The committee moved several bills to the full Senate with favorable recommendations, showcasing a unified effort towards legislative progress in public safety and survivor protections.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It was filed to provide more resources, including training opportunities for hospitals in rural counties
- I mean, we're supposed to comply with all the laws and regulations.
- I'm a resident and native of Tarrant County where I live with my husband, Jay, and our three-year-old
- I have many, many other peers in Tarrant County who feel the same way.
If passed, DAs and county attorneys could have new
Keywords:
cremation, natural organic reduction, health and safety, environmental concerns, funeral services, medical licensing, physician graduates, healthcare access, occupational licensing, foreign medical graduates, cell-cultured protein, food safety, human consumption, agriculture, food labeling, healthcare workforce, advisory board, Texas Workforce Commission, resource guide, education collaboration
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss multiple bills, with a significant focus on HB44, which addresses medical exceptions in abortion law following the recent Dobbs decision. Lawmaker discussions highlighted concerns around the clarity of existing statutes, with several members expressing the need for a unified legal standard to protect both patients and medical professionals. The committee heard compelling testimonies from various industry experts advocating for the bill, emphasizing its importance in preventing confusion that could lead to detrimental health outcomes for women. Another noteworthy action was the committee's favorable recommendation for HB220, aimed at providing emergency contraception to survivors of sexual violence, reflecting the committee's commitment to addressing vulnerable communities' health needs. Additionally, discussions included the passage of HB499, which mandates social media warnings regarding mental health consequences, showcasing the diverse array of issues tackled in this session.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- situation where a handgun is fine, a long gun is fine, but something in between is prohibited by regulation
Short barrel firearms, as I mentioned, are regulated under
- span marker="163" data-time="972"> For either of you, do you know how many states either heavily regulate
- The National Firearms Act was the first federal regulation
- this is in quotes, "has some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well-regulated
Keywords:
election law, criminal prosecution, attorney general, law enforcement, jurisdiction, testimony, legislative committee, evidence, immunity, criminal prosecution, legislative privilege, attorney general, legal challenges, state statutes, constitutional law, firearms, short-barrel, gun control, public safety, legislation
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding Senate Bills 1505 and 1596. The session began with an overview of SB1505, related to the Compassionate Use Program, which was moved favorably to the full Senate following extensive testimony. This bill garnered a positive reception among committee members, showcasing a unanimous vote for its advancement. Notably, public testimony highlighted various perspectives on the effectiveness and necessity of the Compassionate Use Program, contributing significantly to the discussions later in the meeting.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Finance Jan 27th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- But that is paid to the county, and then the county remits it to us.
- , where's our Harris County?
- So, mid-sized counties, urban counties, and rural counties
- So, mid-sized counties, urban counties, and rural counties
- So, mid-sized counties, urban counties, and rural counties
Keywords:
budget proposals, judicial services, salary increases, attorney shortage, indigent defense, rural legal access, funding requests
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Finance Committee was marked by extensive discussions around the budget proposals for various judicial services and the impact of proposed salary increases on staffing. Notably, there were concerns raised regarding a significant attorney shortage in rural areas, which has seen a 27% decline in attorneys taking positions compared to previous years. Scott Ehlers highlighted a crucial $12 million funding request aimed at addressing this shortfall to maintain the adequate operational capacity of indigent defense services across the state. The committee members, led by Chairman Hinojosa, emphasized the importance of finding solutions to improve legal access and representation in underserved areas to respond effectively to this critical issue.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- 49" data-time="288">It projects that a certain percentage of the project's filming days in rural counties
- > It's a 2.5% heritage uplift, 2.5% for productions in a rural county
- We saw this in Hico, from Parker County to Wise County to Erath Counties.
- If it’s just burning a hole in your pocket, there are a hundred counties in Texas that have subpar county
- That would make five million dollars per county to help install and fortify those roads.
Bills:
SB22
Keywords:
Texas, moving image industry, incentive program, film production, grant funding, job creation, economic development, SB22, Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program, reimbursement grants, economic growth, job creation, film production, taxpayer oversight, rural opportunities
Summary:
The meeting centered around the discussion of SB22, the Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program, which aims to provide reimbursement grants for projects produced in Texas. Senator Huffman presented the bill highlighting its potential to create jobs and grow the state's economy. Several members discussed the advantages of keeping film production within Texas, emphasizing that for every dollar spent in grants, an estimated $4.69 is returned to the state's economy. Additionally, a portion of the discussion focused on the need for careful oversight of taxpayer money utilized in the reimbursement process, ensuring grants are awarded only to those projects that align with the state's values.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Congressional Redistricting, Select Jul 28th, 2025 at 05:07 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- A thermostat regulates the environment.
Well, in Dallas County, we're not in Dallas County
- County.
- County voters have already lost representation at the county
- The people of Tarrant County saw it firsthand. Our county was arranged.
Keywords:
redistricting, gerrymandering, public testimony, congressional maps, representation, minority communities, discrimination, voting rights
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on public testimonies regarding the revised congressional redistricting plan. Numerous witnesses presented their concerns about how the proposed changes could potentially dilute representation for minority communities. A consistent theme throughout the testimonies was the fear that the redistricting effort was not aimed at serving constituents but rather at securing power for political parties. Several participants expressed a strong opposition to what they perceived as gerrymandering tactics, claiming they would negatively impact African-American and Hispanic communities in Texas. The meeting revealed a clear public sentiment against the redistricting proposals, with nearly all witnesses speaking out against the changes. The Chair noted an overwhelming number of testimonies opposing the redistricting, indicating a strong community response to the proposed changes and their implications on fair representation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Provided that they comply with federal regulations, rentals
- them as kidnapping because if they were kidnapping, I guarantee you someone, particularly in Travis County
- I grew up in The Woodlands in Montgomery County.
- and members, we have two invited witnesses who have been championing Holocaust education in Bexar County
Bills:
SB2972, SB1909, SB2815, SB735, SB2233, SB800, SB1069, SB2683, SB2986, SB2058, SB2310, SB2055, SB1032
Keywords:
expressive activities, freedom of speech, public forum, higher education, protests, student rights, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, disciplinary policy, student organizations, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, disciplinary policy, compliance, antisemitism, higher education, public institutions, institutional policy
Summary:
During the committee meeting, key issues surrounding higher education legislation were discussed, focusing on several significant bills. Notably, discussions revolved around SB2233, which mandates public institutions in Texas to prohibit non-immigrant visa holders from supporting terrorist activities. This bill raised concerns regarding free speech and potential overreach in monitoring students and faculty, with various testimonies highlighting its implications for academic freedom. The bill faced opposition from various civil rights organizations and law students who emphasized that such measures could create a chilling effect on political expression and disproportionately affect marginalized communities. In contrast, SB735 on Holocaust education received strong support, aiming to improve educational resources and awareness amid rising anti-Semitism, with calls for comprehensive training for educators. Other bills discussed included SB2683, which restricts institutional benefits from foreign entities considered to pose a national security risk, further emphasizing the tension between security concerns and academic freedom.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- And in one of the 119 Texas counties that are maternity care
- deserts, nearly half of Texas counties, a new mother gives birth far from home.
- data-time="4572">Mason Mason Herring, in 2024 in Harris County
- Because of the FDA regulations and because of the way these
Keywords:
sex designation, restroom access, civil penalties, private civil right of action, women's privacy, campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards, disaster relief, flood preparedness, emergency funding, local government support, meteorological forecasting, abortion, healthcare, jurisdiction, civil action, qui tam
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion and passage of several significant bills, including HB20, which aims to prevent and reduce fraudulent charitable solicitations during disasters. Representative Perry highlighted the importance of this bill in ensuring that legitimate organizations receive donations while deterring scams that occur in the aftermath of disasters. The bill was passed unanimously with discussions around its necessity and the impact on victims of fraud. Further, House Bill 18 was discussed concerning penalties for legislators attempting to break quorum, a topic that stirred some debate on legislative integrity and rules enforcement. Members voiced varying opinions on the implications of the bill, leading to its eventual passage amid objections from some members who raised concerns about its enforcement mechanisms and potential for misuse.
Overall, the meeting was well-attended, with members actively debating key issues while striving for legislative progress on these critical bills. The audience included public stakeholders who expressed their views, showcasing the engagement between legislators and constituents on pressing matters.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- While CCR is licensed by HHSC to provide care, CCRCs are regulated by the Department of Insurance because
- The statute regulating CCRCs is over 30 years old and has not kept pace with the current trends in the
- 1522 modernizes the act to provide much-needed clarity, protect seniors, and better equip TDI to regulate
- By them not being licensed and not regulated, there's no oversight over them.
- data-time="2466"> tell you that I went through some of these agencies and I do not believe they are regulated
Keywords:
Medicaid, provider enrollment, credentialing, healthcare, administrative burden, Texas Health and Human Services, child welfare, adoption timelines, senior care, consumer protection, continuing care retirement communities, legislation, public testimony
Summary:
The Committee on Human Services meeting was marked by meaningful discussions on multiple bills affecting the welfare of children and senior citizens in Texas. Notably, SB500 was presented to establish clearer timelines for adoption processes, aiming to decrease the wait times significantly from several months to within a few weeks for critical health and personal history reports. This bill was met with positive feedback from committee members and stakeholders, highlighting the importance of expediting adoption to ensure permanency for children in foster care. Additionally, the committee discussed SB1522, which modernizes regulations for continuing care retirement communities to enhance consumer protections and clarify definitions that have long created confusion in the marketplace. Stakeholders emphasized the need for greater transparency in advertising and regulations, underscoring the bill's potential to better safeguard seniors.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We can't grow unless the legislature puts us in a new county, so the legislature did us a giant favor
- /span> In the past 12 years, y'all have added us in Williamson County
- , LaSalle County, Fort Bend County, Comal County, Guadalupe County, and Denton County.
- by requiring a disclosure notice that clearly states these benefits are not traditional insurance regulated
Bills:
SB530, SB757, SB769, SB1085, SB1241, SB1242, SB1409, SB1878, SB2138, SB2314, SB2231, SB2361, SB2431, SJR59
Keywords:
accreditation, postsecondary education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, baccalaureate degrees, junior colleges, program delivery, faculty recruitment, higher education, performance standards, student loan debt, degree programs, funding, higher education, students with disabilities, accessibility, enrollment, report, Texas State Technical College System, land acquisition, facilities development
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Education covered various significant bills focused primarily on improving educational accessibility and accountability in Texas. Notably, Senate Bill 2252, aimed at supporting kindergarten readiness and early literacy, received a commendable endorsement from the committee, showcasing a unifying approach towards enhancing foundational education. Additionally, Senate Bill 1962, concerning public school accountability, stirred proactive discussions about the challenges faced by school systems, further bringing forth various stakeholder insights during public testimony. The atmosphere remained engaged as committee members debated the efficacy and implications of each proposal, reflecting a strong commitment to enhancing educational standards across the state.
As the meeting progressed, various senators championed their respective bills, emphasizing the importance of flexibility in standardized college entrance exams as highlighted in Senate Bill 1241. The bill proposes to expand acceptable exams beyond the traditional SAT and ACT, reflecting a modernized approach to student assessments. Senators and representatives from key educational organizations contributed testimony, solidifying support for such measures while advocating for the continuous dialogue on educational reforms. With multiple bills reported favorably to the full Senate, the session exemplified a dedicated effort towards fostering educational advancements in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part II) Mar 26th, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- ="27" data-time="260">We recognize the proposed standard permit would present another option for regulated
- that certain proposed elements of the standard permit and the substitute continue to go beyond the regulation
- ...oversight registration then to the specific regulation of
- ...for us to have practical regulation that's protective of
- We're trying to get past this concept that we're only regulating and permitting the rock crusher now.
Keywords:
rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, oil emergency, gas emergency, liability protection, Railroad Commission, emergency assistance, civil liability, natural resources, SB1757, aggregate production operations, permits, environmental monitoring, public participation
Summary:
The committee meeting was convened to discuss SB1757, which proposed a new standard permit impacting aggregate production operations (APOs) in Texas. Witnesses from various industries, including the Associated General Contractors and the Texas Aggregate and Concrete Association, provided insights supporting the bill while cautioning about potential overreach in regulation. Many expressed gratitude towards the committee members for their collaboration in achieving regulations that could accommodate operational needs while still being protective of community interests. Concerns were raised concerning the proposed public participation measures and the adequacy of environmental monitoring requirements under the new permit structure.
Significant discussions centered around balancing industry growth with community health, particularly regarding air quality and the implementation of best management practices. Some witnesses voiced opposition, insisting that the current version fails to correctly incorporate control requirements and could potentially exacerbate tensions between industry and public health considerations. It was clear that ongoing negotiations were taking place among stakeholders, with a collective aim to refine the bill to better align with both industry and community needs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 4th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- If we are in a county prosecuting a case, it is done by the invitation of either the district or county
- Starting in 2020, the counties, we've told the counties and
- the counties saw the backlog.
- Many counties, including Harris County, including Dallas County, and others.
- Many counties, including Harris County, Dallas County, and many others...
Keywords:
juvenile justice, staffing shortages, youth violence, mental health, Texas Juvenile Justice Department, funding
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas Juvenile Justice Committee focused on addressing key issues within the juvenile justice system, particularly outlining a severe staffing shortage that impacts service delivery to youth in secure facilities. The Director of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department presented significant findings, including a spike in violence among youth and a concerning increase in youth with heightened aggressive behaviors and mental health needs. The committee emphasized the urgent need for additional staffing and funding to enhance the living and working conditions in juvenile facilities and ensure adequate programming for the youth involved.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education May 6th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- from a school district that is located within a single county
- For my district, we have workers' compensation and unemployment, but I'm a coastal district in the county
- I drove all the way from Collin County, and I've been here since 7.
- While parents should absolutely have the ability to regulate what their children read, it must not be
- I'm so grateful that SB13 uses FCC regulation definitions to strengthen the law.
Keywords:
student transfer, public servants, education code, peace officer, servicemember, judicial officer, school security, volunteer program, retired law enforcement, veterans, public safety, school safety, criminal background check, school libraries, library advisory councils, parental rights, library materials, educational content, challenging materials, sparsity adjustment
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to discuss various proposed legislation, most notably Senate Bill 13, which addresses the management of library materials in school districts and parental rights regarding access to library catalogs. Senator Paxton introduced the bill, emphasizing the need for transparency and appropriate content in school libraries to protect children from sexually explicit materials. Discussions included testimonies from community members and stakeholders, highlighting both support and opposition based on concerns over censorship and parental authority. The committee left the bill pending for further review and discussions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Mar 24th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="205" data-time="1224"> a comparison of how water demand in Texas will change based on county
- In the county of the state, the needs for irrigation are
- We are trying not to regulate them to the point that they go to Ohio.
Keywords:
Senate Bill 7, water supply, infrastructure, Texas, public testimony, accountability, stakeholders, legislation
Summary:
This meeting of the Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs focused on substantial discussions regarding Senate Bill 7, which is a key legislative initiative addressing Texas' long-term water supply crisis. Chairman Perry emphasized the collaborative efforts over the past years to engage various stakeholders in crafting the bill, promoting transparency and accountability in the management of water resources. The bill aims to enhance Texas' water infrastructure and secure funding through dedicated revenue streams for water supply projects, as the state faces challenges associated with dwindling water availability. Several public testimonies were heard, reflecting both support and concerns from various sectors affected by water policies in the state. The committee aimed to ensure that the legislation not only addresses immediate needs but also creates a sustainable framework for future generations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Mar 24th, 2025 at 10:03 am
House S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband
Transcript Highlights:
- the geography of the systems that provide broadband and also what it might imply for matters of regulation
- do with the fact that Telecommunications comes from a regulated
- background, regulated in terms of where it could provide service.
- AT&T in the old days was a regulated monopoly with defined service territories.
- Computer systems and the internet, not regulated.
Keywords:
broadband access, telecommunications, Texas, rural connectivity, infrastructure, public testimony
Summary:
The Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Broadband convened for its inaugural meeting, focusing on the critical issue of broadband access in Texas. The committee aimed to understand the current landscape of broadband provision, identify barriers to connectivity, and discuss how state and federal programs can facilitate access across all demographics, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The chair emphasized that high-speed internet is now a necessity for constituents rather than a luxury, as it supports various sectors including small businesses and healthcare systems. The meeting featured testimonies from twelve witnesses who provided insights on the broadband situation and potential solutions to the challenges faced.