Transcript Highlights:

• So that's the collection, that's the collective of the commission.
• You have got to change your law about anonymous collections.
• Oh, that 57 million that they collected.
• These programs collectively result in $4.5 billion in biannual revenue collections for the state.
• service recommendations and the status of the bond debt programs.

Bills: SB1

Keywords: appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, transportation funding, highway projects, housing programs, legislative support, public testimony, driver education, homeless youth, infrastructure development

Summary: The committee meeting addressed various pressing issues, notably the funding and appropriations for transportation and housing programs. Presentations focused on $40.4 billion in funding for highway projects, which is directed towards construction, maintenance, and infrastructure development for the upcoming biennium. Discussions highlighted the importance of addressing the capacity for project delivery amid increasing demands due to population growth and increased vehicle miles traveled in Texas. Additionally, Senator Hinojosa pushed for clarifying the funding available for driver education programs, especially for homeless and foster youth, which underscored a need for legislative support to ensure adequate resource allocation. Public testimonies lent depth to these discussions, presenting the human impact of legislative decisions.

Transcript Highlights:

• marker="1090" data-time="6534"> And so basically what OCA, or Office of Court Administration, does is collect
• And we have to collectively come together to make sure the victims of human trafficking and sex trafficking
• Currently, harvest location data is collected from digital tagging and is subject to the open records
• Often, sovereign debt is chosen to be issued under the laws of the state of New York.
• amends the Business and Commerce Code to allow Texas to be an acceptable and reliable venue for this debt

Bills: SB664, SB40, SB9, SJR1, SJR5, SB27, SB207, SB2938, SB1901, SB1227, SB1248, SB912, SB1321, SB2143, SB2145, SB1497, SB1239, SB2180, SB1388, SB1762, SB1662, SB1951, SB1537, SB493, SB378, SB1020, SB1018, SB992, SB958, SB920, SB1350, SCR25, SB687, SB1332, SB2185, SB552, SB664, SB40, SB9, SJR1, SJR5, SB458, SB482, SB927, SB984, SB651, SB1620, SB2124, SB2448, SB841, SB843, SB402, SB2662, SB2053, SB2332, SB2112, SB745, SB1247, SB1789, SB27, SB207, SB2938, SB1901, SB1227, SB1248, SB912, SB1321, SB2143, SB2145, SB1497, SB1239, SB2180, SB1388, SB1762, SB1662, SB1951, SB1537, SB493, SB378, SB1020, SB1018, SB992, SB958, SB920, SB1350, HCR76, HCR127, HCR9, HCR40, HCR118, HR559, HCR59, HCR135, HCR141, HCR46, HCR109, HCR10, SCR25, HB2525, HB142, HB140, HB29, HB451, HB3809, HB3307, HB1130, HJR1, HB9, SB17, SB260, SB509, SB1506, SB1637, SB2308

Keywords: bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunctive relief, taxpayer rights, bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment, law enforcement, bail, felony offenses, criminal justice reform, public safety

Summary: The committee's meeting was marked by several key discussions surrounding numerous bills and resolutions. Notably, HCR 9 and HCR 40 were adopted, with representatives urging Congress for reimbursement related to border security under Operation Lone Star. Additionally, HCR 118 showed expressions of support for the warship manufacturing industry, reflecting a strong emphasis on local economic development. Senate Bills 1321, 2143, and 2145 passed various readings, which included provisions regarding law enforcement authority and the adaptability of public improvement districts to conduct meetings virtually. The meeting was well attended and featured numerous votes on significant legislative items, showcasing active participation from both members and the public.

Transcript Highlights:

• At the same time, that collects data so that teachers have information about what the other students
• of chronically absent and truant students as students at risk of dropping out of school and the collection
• And in one year, we improved the yield on his tax collections.
• This also doesn't include the $2.7 million a year we pay in our bond debt service.
• You know, ISDs have access to about $60 billion as a Permanent School Fund to collateralize their debt

Bills: SB451, SB762, SB1490, SB1262, SB1459, SB1750, SB1962, SB2252, SB2253, SB2365

Keywords: instructional materials, public schools, Education Code, adoption, rejected materials, local funds, open educational resources, instructional materials, Texas Education Code, rejected materials, school districts, open enrollment charter schools, funding restrictions, environmental regulation, business compliance, local authority, economic development, state preemption, instructional materials, public schools

Summary: The committee meeting primarily addressed several education-related bills, notably focusing on strengthening teacher certification pathways and accountability measures within the Texas school system. Notable discussions revolved around Senate Bills 2252 and 2253, which aim to enhance early education and teacher preparation programs. Participants included various committee members who debated the merits of each bill and carefully considered public testimony that presented both support and concerns regarding the implications of the proposed legislation.

Transcript Highlights:

• estimate of the property values, and that estimate is used by school districts when they actually collect
• If it's not within 10% or something of the collection...

• So, it is clearly paid by the taxpayer, used to pay the debt

• Tax collections grew, and over time that had the impact
• We collect and disseminate water-related data.

Keywords: infrastructure, water supply, flood mitigation, Texas Water Fund, community projects, funding allocations

Summary: During this committee meeting, the focus was on discussing critical infrastructure funding, especially related to water supply and flood mitigation projects. Chairwoman Stepney and the Water Development Board presented extensive details regarding the Texas Water Fund, which included $1 billion appropriated to assist various financial programs and tackle pressing water and wastewater issues. Additionally, funding allocations aimed at compromising the state's flood risk and improving water conservation were hotly debated, emphasizing collaboration among committee members and the necessity of addressing community needs in such projects.

Transcript Highlights:

• Please bear with us throughout these regional hearings as we collect

• environment, and being fiscally responsible; not throwing our country into trillions of dollars of debt
• subjected to policies that could affect the rest of our lives, such as never seeing an end to student loan debt

Keywords: redistricting, gerrymandering, fair representation, public testimony, Congressional districts, disaster recovery, climate crisis

Summary: The meeting of the Senate Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting was convened to discuss the redistricting process in light of ongoing concerns over gerrymandering and the potential impact on fair representation, particularly for communities of color in Texas. Chair Phil King welcomed committee members and emphasized the importance of public participation. Throughout the meeting, numerous witnesses provided testimony, raising urgent issues regarding how proposed changes to congressional districts would affect the political landscape, local representation, and disaster response efforts in the wake of recent events. Many speakers highlighted a sense of urgency, as they felt that the focus on redistricting was a diversion from pressing matters such as disaster recovery and climate response.

Transcript Highlights:

• marker="121" data-time="720">Again, we were able to write this bill based a lot on the data that was collected
• population in county jails spiked sharply after SB 6 was passed, causing immense harm and custody debt
• Last year, as data collected per the Texas Jail Commission shows...

Bills: SB9, SB1047, SB1048, SJR17, SJR49, SB40, SJR1, SJR5

Keywords: bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail reform, criminal procedure, public safety report, victim notification, family violence, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunction, taxpayer rights, bail reform, violent crimes, sexual offenses, community safety

Summary: The committee meeting centered around discussions of Senate Bill 9, focusing on bail reform and the recent trends affecting public safety in Texas. Multiple witnesses provided testimony, both in support of and against the bill, highlighting the implications of current bail practices. Supporters argued that the bill would enhance public safety and reduce the release of violent offenders, while opponents raised concerns about due process and the potential negative impact on low-income individuals unable to pay bail. The chair acknowledged the heartfelt testimonies from victims' families, emphasizing the emotional weight of the legislative changes being considered. The meeting was marked by a passionate discourse about balancing public safety with individual rights in the judicial system.

Transcript Highlights:

• Healthcare, if over the next decade, interest in healthcare is the primary driver of U.S. sovereign debt

Keywords: artificial intelligence, waste reduction, fraud prevention, government efficiency, improper payments, data reliability, oversight

Summary: The meeting was chaired by Chairman Schweikert and involved a comprehensive discussion on how to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) for reducing waste, fraud, and improper payments within federal programs. Key witnesses, including Mr. Andrew Canarsa from the Council of the Inspectors General, provided insights on the potential of AI in enhancing government efficiency. The committee emphasized the importance of reliable data and thorough examination of AI application to avoid unintended consequences while addressing the estimated $162 billion in improper payments reported by the federal government. Concerns were raised regarding the recent firing of inspectors general and the impacts that could have on oversight and accountability processes.

Transcript Highlights:

• There's still city sales tax revenue that they'll be collecting off of sales in the...
• I hear that all the time, and people don't understand that a bond is debt, and it's a debt that has to
• We have a half billion dollars in debt in our little city by providing for A&M students.

Bills: HB24, HB2015, HB2149, HB2559, HB2701, HB2797, HB3172

Keywords: zoning, public notice, local government, residential development, protests, water conservation, municipal utility districts, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, environmental regulation, groundwater management, nonconforming uses, zoning regulations, land use, property rights, municipal authority, recreational vehicle parks, campgrounds, construction standards, safety regulations, fire protection

Summary: The meeting centered around discussions on land use and zoning regulations, prominently featuring HB24 and HB3172. Representative Orr emphasized the importance of reforming the existing zoning laws to empower property owners and streamlined processes for development. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the impact of the current supermajority requirements which hinder necessary housing projects, creating frustration among local developers and advocates for affordable housing. Notable support was expressed for these bills, highlighting the necessity for cities to modernize their zoning systems to facilitate growth and adequate housing development.

Transcript Highlights:

• data-time="198"> our smallest distillers to have to lay off employees, to not be able to pay their own debts

Bills: SB8, SB650, SB667, SB779, SB1349, SB1355, SB1378, SB1585, SB1721, SB2312

Keywords: immigration enforcement, ICE agreements, sheriff grants, law enforcement, county jail, federal immigration law, public nuisance, civil actions, legal claims, abatement, Texas law, transnational repression, foreign law enforcement, criminal offenses, law enforcement training, first amendment rights, public safety, liquor, distiller, wholesaler

Summary: The Senate Committee on State Affairs conducted a thorough review of multiple bills including SB1349, SB1585, and SB667, with extensive public testimony and discussion. Witness Samantha Fillmore-Vick provided insights on SB667, while the committee emphasized the need for clarity in the legislative process amid a lengthy session. Other bills were also presented, but they remain pending with no final decisions made during this meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...increase tuition costs and debt, as well as delays in entering

Bills: SB800, SB1534, SB2055, SB2310, SB2431, SB2786, SB3039, SB1242

Keywords: sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, higher education, student safety, orientation policies, health physics, higher education, workforce development, nuclear energy, radiological safety, scholarship, education, Texas Leadership Scholars Program, higher education, student funding, transparency, higher education, degree requirements

Summary: The Committee on Higher Education convened to discuss several significant pieces of legislation aimed at enhancing educational outcomes and access in Texas. A notable discussion was around SB2431, which seeks to improve access to foreign language courses through study abroad programs, as demand for such skills continues to grow in various industries. Additionally, SB2786 was presented, aimed at exempting certain public officers from assessment requirements under the Texas Success Initiative, to better accommodate their professional training and development needs. The meeting showcased a range of witnesses and testimonies in support of these initiatives, reflecting the committee's commitment to addressing educational barriers for students and professionals alike.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, in the bill, cities and counties still collect the fees.
• this is also looking at a city and a county, a multimillion-dollar suit, and your city's already in debt
• Okay, so just in closing, I want to say that your homeowners' premium tax dollars collected by TDI from
• of consumer debt incurred by certain individuals as a result of identity theft.
• Members, this bill helps victims of coerced debt, and I move passage.

Bills: HB1500, HJR7, HJR112, HB34, HB133, HB112, HB119, HB128, HB130, HB132, HB2756, HB166, HB406, HB186, HB271, HB331, HB380, HB1583, HB1584, HB1819, HB621, HB303, HB552, HB366, HB463, HB1211, HB1327, HB1461, HB923, HB1760, HB2043, HB2467, HB5333, HB5265, HB1592, HB1576, HB1552, HB2018, HB3511, HB1781, HB2013, HB2340, HB2349, HB2508, HB2970, HB2520, HB865, HB2851, HB3385, HB3336, HB3529, HB3309, HB1127, HB1232, HB1397, HB4236, HB1804, HB1926, HB4041, HB1965, HB1964, HB2679, HB2730, HB3698, HB3699, HCR77, HB3354, HB163, HB201, HB272, HB333, HB405, HB519, HB569, HB654, HB694, HB791, HB1006, HB1136, HB1240, HB1266, HB1275, HB1437, HB1532, HB1675, HB1842, HB1868, HB1888, HB1894, HB1943, HB1990, HB2029, HB2061, HB2286, HB2523, HB2622, HB2626, HB2652, HB2692, HB2842, HB2885, HB2914, HB3016, HB3096, HB3129, HB3248, HB3251, HB3255, HB3479, HB3611, HB3623, HB3701, HB3724, HB3803, HB3804, HB3805, HB3806, HB3810, HB3816, HB3832, HB3887, HB4127, HB4129, HB4130, HB4131, HB4163, HB4187, HB4229, HB4238, HB4454, HB4588, HB4643, HB4736, HB4738, HB4739, HB4945, HB5015, HB5616, SB767, SB1619, SB1738, HJR5, HJR2, HB1399, HB388, HB114, HB205, HB2789, HB2791, HB499, HB2960, HB3163, HB3135, HB2427, HB1672, HB1722, HB2618, HB879, HB1126, HB4134, HB3513, HB1445, HB1893, HB1734, HB3229, HB3306, HB1276, HB3516, HB4145, HB1585, HB4810, HB2558, HB2742, HB1695, HB33, HB144, HB109, HB103, HB148, HB3809, HB2217, HB220, HB2421, HB2363, HB421, HB2455, HB3711, HB2559, HB2775, HB3126, HB3666, HB3595, HB3260, HB3376, HB3826, HB3770, HB1831, HB2614, HB3113, HB322, HB431, HB869, HB1203, HB1244, HB1875, HB1950, HB2152, HB2341, HB2809, HB2856, HB3012, SB1415, SB1058, SB487, SB1499, SB513, SB1697, SB1197, SB1437, SB1809, SB836, SB1879, SB1145, SB963, SB1038, SB1147, SB914, SB711, SB1409, HB3707, HB589, HB1360, HB2337, HB2391, HB718, HB23, HB2436, HB1500, HJR7, HJR112, HB34, HB133, HB112, HB119, HB128, HB130, HB132, HB2756, HB166, HB406, HB186, HB271, HB331, HB380, HB1583, HB1584, HB1819, HB621, HB303, HB552, HB366, HB463, HB1211, HB1327, HB1461, HB923, HB1760, HB2043, HB2467, HB5333, HB5265, HB1592, HB1576, HB1552, HB2018, HB3511, HB1781, HB2013, HB2340, HB2349, HB2508, HB2970, HB2520, HB865, HB2851, HB3385, HB3336, HB3529, HB3309, HB1127, HB1232, HB1397, HB4236, HB1804, HB1926, HB4041, HB1965, HB1964, HB2679, HB2730, HB3698, HB3699, HB3354, HB163, HB201, HB272, HB333, HB405, HB519, HB569, HB654, HB694, HB791, HB1006, HB1136, HB1240, HB1266, HB1275, HB1437, HB1532, HB1675, HB1842, HB1868, HB1888, HB1894, HB1943, HB1990, HB2029, HB2061, HB2286, HB2523, HB2622, HB2626, HB2652, HB2692, HB2842, HB2885, HB2914, HB3016, HB3096, HB3129, HB3248, HB3251, HB3255, HB3479, HB3611, HB3623, HB3701, HB3724, HB3803, HB3804, HB3805, HB3806, HB3810, HB3816, HB3832, HB3887, HB4127, HB4129, HB4130, HB4131, HB4163, HB4187, HB4229, HB4238, HB4454, HB4588, HB4643, HB4736, HB4738, HB4739, HB4945, HB5015, HB5616, SB767, SB1619, SB1738, HCR77

Keywords: Information Resources, Department governance, cybersecurity, state assistance, procurement training, technology resources, advisory committees, water fund, Texas water supply, constitutional amendment, state revenue, infrastructure, parental rights, child upbringing, government interference, constitutional amendment, Texas legislation, science park district, economic development, technology innovation

Summary: The meeting was a session of significant legislative action where several bills were discussed, debated, and passed swiftly. Key topics included public safety, environmental regulations, and economic development initiatives. House Bill 3309 focused on enhancing safety measures in work zones, which received bipartisan support, highlighting the importance of worker and driver safety. Similarly, House Bill 1127 aimed at protecting women's rights to breastfeed in public spaces, demonstrating compassion and addressing social justice concerns. The chamber was active, with representatives vocal about the intended impacts of these legislations.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...debt

• data-time="2196">And I will say, I don't exactly know what the answers are to that, but I think collectively

Bills: HB32, HB15, HB171, HB421, HB581, HB644, HB745, HB349, HB917, HB204, HB923

Keywords: eviction, landlord rights, tenant rights, justice court, property law, court procedures, chemical dependency, court-ordered treatment, mental health, health care, treatment facility, juvenile justice, criminal justice reform, deep fake, digital impersonation, age verification, private cause of action, explicit content, consumer protection, civil liability

Summary: Another key topic was HB581, addressing the misuse of AI in creating damaging content. The chair emphasized the urgency of the issue affecting children and expressed a commitment to finding solutions. Bills like HB644 also drew attention, as they modified liabilities for businesses regarding the carrying of concealed firearms on their premises. The meeting was characterized by a diverse range of opinions, with several members expressing support for the bills and others raising concerns about potential impacts on governance and public safety.

Transcript Highlights:

• Oh, Nathan Hecht, a great debt of gratitude for his tireless efforts.

Bills: SB26, SB28, SJR36, SB26, SB616, SB565, SB384, SB28

Keywords: teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, lottery, gambling, internet gaming, mobile application, criminal offenses, teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, aquifer, water management, Edwards Aquifer, sustainability, regulatory framework

Summary: The meeting focused notably on judicial salaries and the importance of retaining qualified judges in Texas. Chief Justice Jimmy Blacklock discussed the need for a significant pay increase for judges, citing that their base salary has not risen since 2013 despite rising inflation. He made a compelling case that increasing judicial salaries would attract better candidates to serve the public as judges. The Chief Justice emphasized that the state's judicial system relies on highly capable individuals to uphold the rule of law and deliver fair justice to Texans, especially in family law cases where outcomes dramatically affect vulnerable populations.

Transcript Highlights:

• away from 17 million Americans is very unpopular, as is adding trillions of dollars to our national debt

Keywords: redistricting, gerrymandering, Texas Democrats, voter suppression, Hakeem Jeffries, equitable representation, minority communities, legislative session, political motivations

Summary: The meeting highlighted significant concerns regarding the proposed redistricting in Texas, primarily driven by perceived political motivations from the Republican leadership. Speaker after speaker emphasized the urgency of stopping what they described as an attempt to gerrymander districts and suppress the votes of marginalized communities. Key figures such as House Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries underscored that the current plans threaten not just democratic principles but directly impact the well-being of Texas constituents, particularly minority populations. The meeting stirred passionate debate about ensuring equitable representation and addressing systemic injustices within the electoral process. The persistence of local leaders and their collective stand against these actions was a focal point throughout discussions, showcasing a unified front against manipulation of electoral boundaries.

Transcript Highlights:

• debt of gratitude for his tireless and principled work to

• Oh, Nathan Hecht, a great debt of gratitude for his

Keywords: judicial funding, Chief Justice address, Texas legislature, court reform, legal services accessibility, district judges salary

Summary: The meeting featured a address by Chief Justice Jimmy Blacklock, who emphasized the importance of maintaining the integrity of the legal system and ensuring fair access to justice for all Texans. He addressed the challenges facing the judiciary, notably the need for increased funding for district judges, which has not seen a raise since 2013. The Chief Justice highlighted how inadequate compensation has affected the ability to attract and retain qualified judges. He urged the legislature to consider a substantial increase in judicial salaries as a matter of public interest and necessary for the state's judicial system.

Transcript Highlights:

• The debt load of our students has declined dramatically as well, and it's less than it was at either
• the provision of financial aid, enables our students to graduate significantly sooner with much less debt

Keywords: fentanyl detection, health initiatives, opioid crisis, education expansion, technological advancements, public health, research funding

Summary: The meeting focused on various initiatives related to health, education, and technological advancements. Notably, the Fentanyl Detection Initiative was presented, highlighting the urgency as five Texans die daily from fentanyl poisoning. Researchers at UT Dallas are developing portable detectors to accurately quantify fentanyl, facilitating faster medical responses by first responders. Additionally, funding requests for the Center for Advanced Pain Studies, aimed at developing effective pain therapies without addictive opioids, were discussed, which emphasize the need to address the opioid crisis. The conversation also covered funding allocations to support various health-related programs.

Transcript Highlights:

• parents being deprived of education freedom, students being trapped in failing schools, crushing local debt

Keywords: Brownsville Day, Alpha Kappa Alpha Day, Shen Yun Day, cultural recognition, Texas House of Representatives

Summary: The meeting of the Texas House of Representatives focused on several notable resolutions, including the recognition of January 29, 2025, as 'Brownsville Day,' 'Alpha Kappa Alpha Day,' and 'Shen Yun Day.' Each resolution was met with enthusiasm as representatives shared their pride in their communities and honored the cultural significance of these events. In particular, Representative Gomez emphasized the economic and cultural contributions of Brownsville, while Dr. Oliverson highlighted Shen Yun's dedication to reviving traditional Chinese culture through the art of dance and music. The discussions underscored the importance of inclusivity and representation in celebrations throughout the state.

Transcript Highlights:

• marker="280" data-time="1674"> and group insurance, social security and benefit replacement pay, bond debt

Keywords: Appropriations Committee, subcommittee reports, budget recommendations, crime victim services, military community support, juvenile probation, transparency, House rules

Summary: The meeting of the Appropriations Committee focused on the adoption of subcommittee reports for various articles, emphasizing critical funding needs for Texas. Representative Gonzalez highlighted significant budget recommendations, including appropriations for crime victim services, military community support, and enhancements to juvenile probation departments. The adoption of several articles was met with a mixture of support and dissent, showcasing discussions surrounding the allocation of state resources and adherence to House rules regarding formal meeting records and transparency.

Transcript Highlights:

• The last complete year of data is 2021, so we're simply behind where we need to be in collecting this
• I know it's decreasing the number of rebates that we're able to collect because we collect the rebates
• Our end, we're collecting less as well for the rebates.
• They aren't able to continue to provide it because they're going into debt or they're getting revoked

Keywords: SNAP benefits, fraud, Texas Health and Human Services, budget, congenital syphilis, state peace officers, public health

Summary: The meeting of the House Appropriations Subcommittee focused on the budget and operational needs of the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC), with a particular emphasis on addressing the significant issue of SNAP benefit theft. Key discussions included the challenges faced by the agency in combating fraud, the need for increased support for state peace officers, and the implications of rising health concerns such as congenital syphilis, which has seen an alarming increase in Texas. Representatives expressed their concerns about handling these issues effectively and discussed the importance of resource allocation to prevent further fraud and provide adequate care to Texans in need.

Transcript Highlights:

• data-time="7560"> Senate Bill 991 relates to students at risk of dropping out of school and the collection
• In one year, we improved the yield on his tax collections by 20 points, but we only did one problem.
• The $2.7 million a year we pay in our bond debt service
• data-time="20340"> It's about $60 billion, you know, as a Permanent School Fund to collateralize their debt

Bills: SB451, SB762, SB1490, SB1262, SB1459, SB1750, SB1962, SB2252, SB2253, SB2365

Keywords: instructional materials, public schools, Education Code, adoption, rejected materials, local funds, open educational resources, instructional materials, Texas Education Code, rejected materials, school districts, open enrollment charter schools, funding restrictions, environmental regulation, business compliance, local authority, economic development, state preemption, instructional materials, public schools

Summary: The meeting focused on key legislative measures aimed at enhancing school safety and student communication technology. Senator Nichols discussed SB1262, emphasizing its role as a follow-up cleanup bill on previous measures that improved public school safety through House Bill 3. The committee adopted a committee substitute which includes provisions for the Texas Education Agency to commission peace officers for school safety purposes, thereby enabling better collaboration with local law enforcement in case of emergencies. The discussions were enriched by testimony from resource witnesses, including security professionals from the Texas School Safety Center.