Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Mexico relations'
Page 31 of 53
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Mar 5th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- There's a lot that's related to that.
- Quintero, I have some follow-up questions related to your goal number four.
- But some of it was related.
- So, on our audits that are contracting related...
- We have received complaints related to non-compliance.
Keywords:
government efficiency, accountability, public hearings, cybersecurity, state agencies, taxpayer dollars, oversight, modernization, legislative proposals
Summary:
The meeting of the House Committee on Delivery of Government Efficiency marked the beginning of a new era focused on holding government agencies accountable and eliminating inefficiencies. Chairman Capriglione emphasized the committee's role in modernizing state government, implementing rigorous oversight, and ensuring that taxpayer dollars are used effectively. The committee plans to address waste, mismanagement, and corruption, aiming for an ambitious agenda over the next 22 months. Discussions included the establishment of public hearings to foster transparency and the development of legislative proposals to drive reform. Several state agencies provided insights into their operations, with a particular focus on how they can better serve the public through increased efficiency and enhanced cybersecurity measures.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Good morning, and I appreciate the opportunity to lay out House Bill 5246, which relates to the Texas
- Creating an exception for all records that relate to fraud detection and deterrence violates this purpose
- /span> of the DOJ Committee, please lay out House Bill 4748, relating
- I'm pleased to be here laying out HB 4936 relating to the
- I mean, we have laws on the books relating to public information and the disclosure of public information
Bills:
HB3146, HB3719, HB3895, HB3923, HB4748, HB4751, HB4936, HB4952, HB4990, HB4991, HB5061, HB5196, HB5238, HB5246, HB5487
Keywords:
public information, birthdates, government transparency, privacy laws, data access, wireless energy transmission, electric vehicles, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, transportation study, toll roads, state employment, bachelor's degree, career advancement, job qualifications, workforce development, state purchasing, multiple award contracts, procurement procedures, gov efficiency, government contracts
Summary:
The meeting of the committee addressed several bills focusing on transparency and innovation in Texas governance. A significant portion of the discussions revolved around House Bill 4990, which seeks to establish an open records hotline to better facilitate public access to government information. Witnesses, including local journalists, strongly supported the bill, citing its importance for accountability in government operations. Other bills, such as HB 4751, focusing on technological advancements, were also highlighted as critical to maintaining Texas's competitive edge in the quantum technology industry. Each bill was left pending for further consideration, indicating ongoing negotiations and a collaborative effort among committee members to refine the proposed legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Right now, Texas law protects sensitive information related to terrorism but doesn't specifically cover
- the government code to ensure that the same confidentiality protections that we apply to terrorism-related
- I'm pleased to provide testimony on House Bill 14 as it relates specifically to the role of the Texas
- It relates to the insurable interest of certain persons providing care to individuals with disabilities
- You could do the same thing with, for instance, all your construction industry-related licenses.
Keywords:
licensing, reciprocity, regulation, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, interstate agreements, nuclear energy, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, electric utilities, priority facilities, public safety, disaster response, emergency management, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations
Summary:
The meeting was a thorough exploration of multiple bills, most notably focused on innovative energy solutions and public safety enhancements. Key discussions centered around HB14, which aims to bolster the state's nuclear energy capabilities through the establishment of a Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office. Senators and expert witnesses discussed the potential of nuclear power as a clean energy source and a strategic necessity for Texas's growth. There was strong support for the bill, with various stakeholders highlighting its importance for the future energy landscape. Additionally, other bills like HB132 addressed the need for enhanced confidentiality protections regarding sensitive information, while HB1584 sought improvements in power restoration procedures during emergencies. Overall, the committee engaged with multiple viewpoints, balancing innovation with safety and ethical considerations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Other affidavits filed in Williamson County are related to
- plaintiff in election cases and I've been a testifying and consulting expert in multiple election-related
- Senate Bill 1999 is related to public employees.
- I'm here representing myself in relation to Senate Bill 1999.
- As it relates specifically to the governor, I just wanted to recognize that he does have a memorandum
Bills:
SB38, SB287, SB291, SB292, SB508, SB618, SB901, SB1436, SB1494, SB1626, SB1719, SB1999, SB1333
Keywords:
evictions, property law, tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, justice court, court rules, eminent domain, property acquisition, landowner's rights, public use, condemnation procedure, election procedures, civil penalty, public officials, voter rights, election integrity, elections, local governance, political subdivisions, general elections
Summary:
During this meeting of the Senate Committee on State Affairs, significant discussions revolved around Senate Bill 618, which seeks to establish civil penalties for election officials who fail to adhere to the Texas election laws. Proponents, including Dr. Laura Pesce from True Texas Elections, passionately advocated for the bill, emphasizing the need for accountability and integrity in the electoral process. The committee heard testimonies underscoring the importance of consistent application of election laws and the necessity to deter violations that undermine public trust in the elections. Many witnesses detailed personal experiences with administrative overreach and violations of election law that directly affect voters and candidates alike.
In addition to SB 618, the committee also reviewed Senate Bill 1999. This bill was met with considerable opposition, particularly from advocates arguing that it would promote discrimination against transgender students and exacerbate bullying within schools. Testimonies portrayed stark contrasts between supporters who claimed it would uphold religious freedom and critics who argued it would harm vulnerable youth by legitimizing discrimination based on gender identity. Ultimately, the meeting evidenced the varied views on legislative intent and societal implications surrounding these bills.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 1st, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Members, this bill relates to the course levels offered
Members, this bill relates to a report by the Texas
- Because of tobacco, it costs us about $10 billion related
- They have high expectations related to academic freedom,
- Texas residents who wish to submit comments related to the agenda items can proceed until the hearing
Bills:
HB173, HB184, HB484, HB678, HB1211, HB1507, HB1705, HB1868, HB2290, HB2851, HB2856, HB3041, HB3204
Keywords:
foreign donations, higher education, public institutions, national security, funding, higher education, foreign donations, prohibition, national security, Texas law, healthcare, insurance, affordability, access, public health, higher education, foreign donations, national security, foreign influence, education policy
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on the evaluation of several bills related to higher education funding and performance. Notably, the committee discussed HB1868, which was transformed into a study to analyze funding disparities between community colleges and school districts. Representative Wilson highlighted concerns raised by community colleges regarding funding thresholds and the potential fiscal impact, which is estimated at over $1 billion over the next biennium. The committee also passed HB271 after adopting a committee substitute that addresses success rates for students with disabilities, reflecting a commitment to inclusivity in higher education. Overall, the discussions emphasized the need for equitable funding and data-driven decisions for future legislative sessions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="3" data-time="20">Members, the purpose of today’s hearing is to take up and consider items related
- Ace law related to this topic, it is important to note that the
- Members, Senate Bill 20 creates a new criminal offense related to obscene visual material.
- can be elevated to a third-degree felony if the person has a prior conviction under this section or related
- In terms of how it relates to teaching a course, this is
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, visual material, artificial intelligence, criminal penalties, law enforcement, defense against prosecution, obscenity, child protection, law enforcement, judicial officer, SB20, SB1621, child protection, artificial intelligence, sexual exploitation, legislation, deep fakes, criminal justice
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice focused on legislative measures aimed at enhancing the protection of minors against the evolving threats posed by artificial intelligence and technology in the realm of child exploitation. Multiple bills, including SB20 and SB1621, were introduced to address child sexual abuse material (CSAM), particularly concerning AI-generated content and deep fakes. During the session, committee members highlighted the importance of these initiatives, emphasizing that the current legal framework must adapt to the rapidly changing technological landscape. The discussions emphasized the commitment of the committee members to protect children and the integrity of these legislative efforts. Public testimony brought forth a sense of urgency from both law enforcement and advocacy groups highlighting widespread concerns about the misuse of technology to exploit children.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I appreciate the opportunity to lay out House Bill 3228 relating to the inclusion of recycling or disposal
- My name is Taylor Calvin, I'm Senior Manager of State and Local Government Relations.
- Directly related to this bill, we as a senior leadership team took a step back to figure out how we got
- damages from border-related crimes.
- related crimes.
Bills:
HB246, HB796, HB1056, HB1544, HB1846, HB2001, HB2618, HB2625, HB2869, HB2898, HB3069, HB3114, HB3157, HB3228, HJR98
Keywords:
federal directives, state authority, Tenth Amendment, government enforcement, local governance, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions, electronic payment systems, state finance, regulatory compliance, electric trucks, charging infrastructure, advisory council, transportation, sustainability, criminal penalties, official information
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several important bills aimed at providing support and protections for agricultural producers affected by border-related crimes. Notable discussions centered around HB246, which proposed an expanded compensation program for damages, including not just real property, but also crops, livestock, and the necessary funds for soil restoration due to pollutions from such crimes. Representative Ginn led the conversations, emphasizing the critical role agricultural landowners play in the state’s economy and their need for fair compensation. Witnesses, including stakeholders from agricultural organizations, provided testimonies highlighting the inadequacies of the current framework and the urgency for legislative action.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation Apr 3rd, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- This is Chairman Guerin's bill relating to the cancellation
- Houston doesn't have zoning, so that's another issue—another issue related to it.
HB 3229 is Chairman Lambert's bill relating to the
HB 2546 is Chair Tepper's bill relating to vehicles
- A lot of these are oil field-related chemicals that have been collected and then stored for reuse or
Keywords:
environmental enforcement, legislative oversight, inspection, concrete plants, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, environmental product declaration, grant program, ready-mixed concrete, manufacturers, sustainability, solid waste, landfill permits, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, environmental regulation, population density, municipal waste management, environmental quality, administrative hearings, regulatory compliance, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on several key bills aimed at addressing environmental concerns and regulatory frameworks affecting communities across Texas. A significant portion of the discussion revolved around House Bill 573, which aims to enhance the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's (TCEQ) ability to respond to concrete batch plant inspection requests, effectively prioritizing community health concerns. Concerns regarding dust and air pollution from these plants were raised frequently, highlighting the challenges faced by constituents living nearby. Additionally, House Bill 1499 introduced a grant program to help small concrete batch plants improve their environmental impact, reflecting the committee’s commitment to sustainable development while balancing economic growth.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine certain pending nominations. May 1st, 2025 at 08:30 am
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel
Transcript Highlights:
- ...matters related to Europe, NATO, and Russia. Mr.
- traveled the world, from Europe to the Middle East to the Indo-Pacific, all on sensitive matters related
As it relates to cyber threats that you mentioned,
- I'm very glad that Senator Shaheen asked questions relating
- Does that relate to the people that I just mentioned?
Keywords:
Department of Defense, nominations, Matthew Lohmeyer, Justin Overbaugh, global security, military readiness, NATO, Russia, China, defense infrastructure
Summary:
The meeting was primarily focused on discussing nominations for key positions within the Department of Defense, specifically for roles such as the Undersecretary of the Air Force and the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security. Senators expressed urgent concerns about global security threats, the need for robust military readiness, and the emphasis on effective collaboration with NATO allies amidst rising tensions with adversaries such as Russia and China. Several senators highlighted the challenges facing military infrastructure and defense capabilities, suggesting a critical need for improvements and investment in these areas to ensure national security.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Committee Substitute Senate Bill 9 relating to the
- Senate Bill 9 relating to the calculation of the voter approval
Committee substitute Senate Bill 7, relating to the
Committee substitute Bill 7 relating to the designation
- It relates to recording requirements for certain documents
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, property tax, homestead exemptions, Senate Bill 9, legislation, tax relief, committee discussions
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant attention was directed towards property tax relief and reform, notably through discussions led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the upcoming options for homestead exemptions that would be voted on in November. The committee also reviewed a series of bills, including Senate Bill 9, which was presented as a committee substitute. There was a strong emphasis on how the legislation aims to streamline tax guidelines for local government expenditures while balancing taxpayer relief against budgetary constraints. The meeting was characterized by a collaborative atmosphere where committee members shared insights and feedback on the various bills under consideration.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- by Chairman Frank relating to the confinement or detention
- span marker="31" data-time="180"> Members, this is the bill we heard previously by Chairman Leach, relating
- span marker="37" data-time="216">Members, this is the bill we heard previously by Chairman Leach, relating
- Of course, the board's authority over matters related to the Office of the State Counsel for Offenders
- This bill would require TDCJ to adopt rules related to the program.
Bills:
HB153, HB1828, HB2306, HB2498, HB3464, HB3488, HB3636, HB3673, HB3834, HB3860, HB4120, HB4937, HB1515
Keywords:
education, funding, student resources, technology access, equal opportunity, veterans treatment court, mental health, criminal justice, rehabilitation, eligibility criteria, veterans, treatment court, military service, mental health, rehabilitation, veterans, treatment court, mental health, rehabilitation, legislation
Summary:
The Committee on Corrections convened to discuss various proposed bills aimed at enhancing the criminal justice system in Texas. Noteworthy among them was HB1760, presented by Chairman Leach, which seeks to increase the minimum imprisonment term for individuals convicted of intoxicated manslaughter. The committee voted favorably on several bills, including HB1772, which addresses the eligibility for community supervision. Public testimony highlighted community concerns around parole decisions, especially regarding violent offenders, which added emotional weight to discussions on HB2306 concerning children’s parole eligibility. Several members expressed strong sentiments advocating for stricter regulations for repeat offenders, underlining the impact of violent crime on victims' families. The meeting wrapped up with additional bills pending further discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Ross, Director of Fraud Deterrence and Compliance for the Texas Workforce Commission, testifying in relation
- Now the benefits that I'm talking about are those that include reimbursement for medical expenses related
- medical benefits for work-related injuries, and line-of-duty
- There are other organizations, but ours would be specifically related to the medical fee dispute.
- I'd like to lay out HB3807, which relates to establishing
Keywords:
healthcare, Medicare, insurance, financial assistance, families, wage theft, employers, penalties, Texas Workforce Commission, employee rights, wage theft, employer database, Texas Workforce Commission, penalties, employee rights, wage theft, employer database, worker rights, penalties, Texas Workforce Commission
Summary:
The meeting of the Workforce Committee included extensive discussions around several key bills, primarily focusing on issues related to wage theft and child care services. Representative Gonzalez presented HB 669, highlighting the significant problem of wage theft affecting low-income workers. Testimonies from various stakeholders underscored the importance of creating a transparent database that would hold employers accountable for wage violations, emphasizing the need for a fair labor market for all workers. Several witnesses provided support for the bill, discussing its potential positive impact on Texas families and businesses.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="198">Under the precedents printed in the House rules manual on page 60, points of order related
- data-time="540">Under the precedents printed in the House rules manual on page 60, points of order related
- data-time="972"> Under the precedents printed in the House Rules Manual on page 60, points of order related
- The rules manual on page 60 states that points of order related to alleged parliamentary errors in committee
- Manual on page 60: points of order related to alleged parliamentary
Keywords:
Appropriations Committee, subcommittee reports, budget recommendations, crime victim services, military community support, juvenile probation, transparency, House rules
Summary:
The meeting of the Appropriations Committee focused on the adoption of subcommittee reports for various articles, emphasizing critical funding needs for Texas. Representative Gonzalez highlighted significant budget recommendations, including appropriations for crime victim services, military community support, and enhancements to juvenile probation departments. The adoption of several articles was met with a mixture of support and dissent, showcasing discussions surrounding the allocation of state resources and adherence to House rules regarding formal meeting records and transparency.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Chairman and members, Senate Bill 629 relates to the rule of interest on overdue child support.
Relating to this, the arrears and everything like that
- adults experiencing abuse may suffer from conditions such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke-related
- Chairman and members, Senate Bill 1015 relates to excess contributions and fees allocated to statutory
- Chairman and members, Senate Bill 2501 relates to the selection of an attorney by an indigent parent
Keywords:
child support, interest accrual, family law, delinquency, financial judgment, Jurisprudence Committee, Senate Bill 2501, legal representation, indigent families, Senate Bill 629, child support reform, interest rate reduction, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the Jurisprudence Committee featured significant discussions surrounding several bills focused on improving legal representation for indigent families and reforming the child support system in Texas. Notably, Senate Bill 2501 was presented to enhance access to legal counsel for families involved with the Child Protective Services, allowing them to choose their own attorneys. The bill was well-received with various testimonies supporting its potential positive impact on legal outcomes for families. Additionally, Senate Bill 629 aimed at reducing the interest rates on child support arrears was highlighted, with studies presented that indicated a decrease in non-custodial parents’ debt burden would lead to increased compliance in payments and better support for families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Developent Apr 30th, 2025 at 10:04 am
Transcript Highlights:
- I appreciate the opportunity to lay out committee substitutes for House Bill 4876, which relates to the
- My name is Mike Iannacone, I'm the president of Related.
So I'm the president of Related.
- Texas, which is a division of the Related Companies, and we're
- Members, you remember my bill relating to the creation and operation of a science park district in certain
Keywords:
squatting, property rights, eviction process, housing availability, condominium development, escrow deposits, Committee on Trade, Trade, Workforce, and Economic Development
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Trade, Workforce, and Economic Development featured critical discussions surrounding several proposed bills, including SB1333, HB4876, and HB5567. Notably, the committee focused on issues related to property rights and squatting, with testimony emphasizing the urgent need for legislation to streamline the eviction process for squatters. Several witnesses, including representatives from various organizations, voiced strong support for SB1333, arguing that the current legal remedies are inadequate and contribute to escalating property disputes and community issues. Meanwhile, HB4876 aimed to address housing availability by allowing the use of escrow deposits for construction, which supporters believe will facilitate condominium development and ease the housing crisis in Texas. Finally, the committee adjourned after leaving several bills pending for further discussion, indicating the complexity and importance of these legislative efforts.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- "Political causes related to energy production," end quote.
- data-time="450"> Credit, but not enough is placed on insurance companies, and so I have some testimony related
- also requires automatic dismissal if the respondent has two or fewer prior Category 1 complaints related
- Similar efforts are targeted at Texas companies on a regular basis, particularly energy-related companies
- This relates to both this.
Keywords:
public school funding, education, budget allocation, financial transparency, state law, local control, fiduciary responsibility, public retirement systems, investment management, proxy voting, financial factors, public retirement systems, fiduciary responsibility, investment management, proxy voting, financial factors, insurance, political shareholder proposals, fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the committee featured an extensive discussion on multiple bills, particularly focusing on the ethics reform via SB2403, aimed at enhancing the structure and enforcement processes of the Texas Ethics Commission. The conversation revolved around establishing a three-tier system categorizing violations and enhancing procedural fairness and accountability in ethics investigations. Senator Mayes introduced a committee substitute, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that enforcement processes are transparent and just, particularly relating to minor infractions. Public testimonies in favor of the bill highlighted the need for reform, while concerns were raised about maintaining integrity in oversight mechanisms.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Mar 18th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Generally speaking, from a layman's perspective on genetic modification, DNA-related processes, are you
- Okay, so what I'd say is I think I have some real personal concerns as it relates to Senate Bill 95.
- Deaths related to the inactive ingredients.
- Relations for Texas Values.
- They're not comfortable with the thing related to cerebral palsy.
Keywords:
immunization, written informed consent, civil liability, health care provider, vaccine compensation, administrative penalty, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, conscience protection, health care services, civil remedy, disciplinary action, health care providers, patient access, hospital safety, emergency room, bollards
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was focused predominantly on various bills concerning healthcare and insurance policies, reflecting significant discussions on how these laws impact the community. Notably, Senate Bill 660 was introduced to enhance safety measures at healthcare facilities, discussing the necessity for bollards to prevent unauthorized vehicular access, highlighting a bipartisan understanding of public safety. Senator West emphasized the importance of these regulations, citing real-world incidents that necessitate such actions. Public testimonies complimented this discussion, providing insight into community needs for enhanced security in hospitals.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Members, this is the bill we heard previously relating
- We heard previously relating to the declaration of candidacy
Members, this is the bill we heard previously, relating
Members, this is the bill we heard previously relating
- Elections could only be canceled under disaster declarations that are related to natural disasters or
Keywords:
voting access, polling place, disability, caretaker provisions, ballot delivery, election code, ballot by mail, election code, voting, mail delivery, election integrity, filing fee, nomination, convention, election, candidate, voting by mail, assisted living, nursing facilities, legal guardian
Summary:
The House Committee on Elections convened to deliberate on several legislative measures, focusing significantly on the accessibility and integrity of the voting process. Key discussions included the presentation of HB5430, which addresses the declaration of a candidate’s ineligibility based on their filing status. The committee also reviewed Senate Bill SB901, a companion bill that echoes the intentions of HB5430. Other bills such as HB2253 aimed to introduce flexibility for local governments in case of disaster declarations, allowing them to cancel elections in a specified timeframe, emphasizing the need for local leaders to act decisively during crises. Additionally, Senate Bill SB760 was introduced to protect vulnerable populations, ensuring that legal guardians are notified when mail-in ballots are requested by individuals in long-term care facilities. Testimonies both supported and challenged the measures, revealing deep concerns regarding potential implications of these bills on voter rights, particularly for disabled stakeholders and elderly populations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm happy to be here laying out HB3830, relating to a franchise tax credit for certain watershed protection
- is hitting on a topic that we've been talking about related
- Other issues related to appraisal districts include their failure to assess rollback taxes on a timely
- Under current law, charitable organizations must keep up compliance with a host of tax-related rules
- Members, this is a joint resolution that goes with Senate Bill 23, relating to those who are disabled
Bills:
HB485, HB1367, HB1370, HB1827, HB1879, HB2032, HB2133, HB2357, HB3581, HB3830, HB4060, HB4085, HB4270, HB4979, HB5217, HB5268, HB5478, HJR96, HJR97, HJR119, HJR195, HJR209, SB4, SB23, SJR2, SJR85
Keywords:
healthcare, insurance, access, affordability, public health, emergency services district, sales tax, gas and electricity, residential use, tax exemption, emergency services, sales tax, gas, electricity, residential use, tax exemption, ad valorem, property tax, residential taxation, local governance
Summary:
The meeting covered several key legislative proposals aimed at enhancing property tax relief and supporting community development initiatives. House Bill 2032, which addresses tax exemptions for disabled veterans, was discussed; the bill proposes a proportional property tax deduction based on disability ratings, helping veterans secure housing stability amidst rising property costs. House Bill 4270 was also introduced to revitalize declining neighborhoods by offering property tax exemptions for young families moving into these areas—an initiative prompted by demographic shifts in urban areas such as El Paso. The discussions emphasized the critical need for fostering sustainable communities and supporting vulnerable populations.