Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'House Bill 1960'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 2518.
- House Bill 150 establishes that coordination.
- So I just want to say we support House Bill 150.
- The chair lays out House Bill 146 and recognizes...
- House Bill 4668 by Chairman Keene.
Bills:
HB146, HB150, HB1500, HB1545, HB1562, HB2067, HB2520, HB2818, HB3214, HB3250, HB3466, HB3512, HB3623, HB4063, HB4395, HB4464, HB4668, HB4690, HB5331, HB3833
Keywords:
cybersecurity, state command, information resources, data protection, incident response, Information Resources, Department governance, cybersecurity, state assistance, procurement training, technology resources, advisory committees, sunset review, government efficiency, state agencies, regulation, administrative oversight, Texas Sunset Act, massage therapy, student permit
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several legislative items, including significant discussions about cybersecurity and the implementation of new technology in state operations. Key bills such as HB1500, which restructures the Department of Information Resources (DIR) to enhance cybersecurity measures and modernize its functions, were discussed extensively. There was consensus among members regarding the importance of safeguarding Texas's information infrastructure, with particular emphasis on the need for streamlined governance, a focus on artificial intelligence capabilities, and improved IT procurement processes. The members also addressed public testimony that raised important points concerning the balance between innovation and regulatory oversight. Consequently, multiple bills, including HB2467 and HB4310, were favorably reported to the Senate without objections.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence S/C on New Offenses and Changed Penalties Apr 15th, 2025 at 10:04 am
Transcript Highlights:
- The Chair lays out House Bill 4911.
- So, the purpose of House Bill 4911 is to...
- House Bill 4911 ensures that Texas leads the way.
- We've heard a number of bills that have touched on House Bill 4326.
- And you're testifying on, for, or against House Bill 4911? For the bill.
Keywords:
law enforcement, child protection, punishment increase, HB1871, HB4911, emerging technologies, public safety
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical bills designed to enhance legal protections for law enforcement and children, particularly in response to evolving threats from technology and violent crime. Representative Dyson emphasized the dangers faced by peace officers, advocating for House Bill 1871, which seeks to increase penalties associated with the attempted murder of a police officer. Testimonies from law enforcement officials reinforced the urgency of this legislation, highlighting real-life incidents where officers were ambushed while fulfilling their duties. The committee echoed a strong sentiment towards ensuring justice for those who threaten public safety.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Testimony on House Bill 1734 is now open.
- She is recognized to explain House Bill 2340.
- Public testimony is now open on House Bill 2340.
- We strongly support this bill and ask you to pass House Bill 2350.
- So in House Bill 19 and in December...
Keywords:
business court, jurisdiction, complex civil litigation, legal proceedings, Texas courts, guardianship, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, training requirements, caregiver support, parent-child relationship, court file transfer, child custody evaluation, legislation, committee meeting
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several key pieces of legislation including HB1734, HB2340, HB3376, and HB2350. Notably, discussions surrounding HB1734 centered on streamlining the transfer of court files related to parent-child relationships, with testimony suggesting significant support for the changes aimed at promoting efficiency. Meanwhile, HB2340 was discussed to enhance the qualifications and training requirements for child custody evaluators, reflecting a commitment to improving standards in this sensitive area.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Court, you're recognized on House Bill 8.
- House Bill 8 is a transformational bill that will replace the STAR test with three.
- House Bill 8 will be reported favorably to the Senate.
- Is there anyone here who wants to testify for or against House Bill 26?
- House Bill 26 will be reported favorably to the full Senate.
Keywords:
standardized testing, education reform, law enforcement, Harris County, accountability, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting predominantly revolved around the discussions of three significant bills: HB8, HB26, and HB192. Bill HB8 seeks to reform the current standardized testing system by replacing the STAAR test with a series of three assessments across the academic year, thereby offering more timely feedback to students and teachers. Senator Bettencourt emphasized the importance of modernizing the assessment approach to enhance educational accountability. The bill garnered support from various committee members and is set to be forwarded to the full Senate for further consideration. Public testimony was minimal, with no opposition to the bill being recorded.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 3243.
- House Bill 243 is pending at this time.
- The Chair lays out House Bill 4089.
- Chair recognizes Representative Emanuel on House Bill 4089. Bill on House Bill 4669.
- This House Bill 535 does have.
Bills:
HB535, HB2120, HB2822, HB3243, HB3457, HB3544, HB4089, HB4192, HB4669, HB4868, HB4955, HB5253, HB5669, SB1371, SB1919, SB2001
Keywords:
motor vehicle, pedestrian, bicycle, traffic safety, municipality, criminal offense, motor vehicle, pedestrian safety, bicycle, traffic regulations, municipal law, pedestrian safety, bicycle regulations, motor vehicle passing, traffic law, municipalities, motor vehicle, pedestrian safety, bicycle operation, traffic laws
Summary:
The meeting focused on various transportation-related bills, including discussions around essential infrastructure for flood control, electric bicycles, and safety measures for cyclists. Representative Martinez introduced HB3544, highlighting the flooding issues in the Rio Grande Valley and the need for proper stormwater management. The bill garnered attention as it addresses urgent concerns for local emergency services and community safety. Additionally, CSHB4089 outlined regulations for electric bicycles in state parks, promoting access and safety for all park-goers. There was a significant public turnout, with testimonies both in support and against various proposed bills, reflecting community engagement and interest in transportation safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Apr 23rd, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm speaking in support of House Bill 2802.
- House Bill 4029 addresses that.
- I strongly support House Bill 4029.
- House Bill 4802.
- If I on for or against House Bill 4802?
Bills:
HB886, HB1514, HB2434, HB2688, HB2802, HB3161, HB3221, HB4029, HB4339, HB4591, HB4774, HB4802, HB4853, HB5627, SB1737
Keywords:
retirement, supplemental payment, benefits, Employees Retirement System, eligible annuitants, legislation, annuity, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age, DROP program, actuarial studies, pension benefits
Summary:
The meeting was focused on a range of significant legislation including discussions on retirement benefits for public safety officers and specific bills aimed at addressing current challenges in the pension systems. Representative Busey introduced HB2802, aimed at stabilizing the Austin Firefighters Retirement Fund, which received support from various stakeholders including Mayor Kirk Watson, reflecting months of collaborative effort. Testimony emphasized the need for proactive changes to prevent future financial crises in the fund. Additionally, HB4029, proposed by Chairman Guillen, generated appeals from various members about the necessity of addressing retirement needs for peace officers in public schools, linking it directly to their recruitment and retention challenges in the current environment. Issues regarding recruitment and the financial sustainability of the Houston Fire Department were also highlighted with HB2688, enabling timely action on pressing pension reform to retain skilled personnel.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Here's a reminder, members, for the opportunity to lay out House Bill 4317.
- I represent myself, and I am in favor of this bill, House Bill 1198.
- I'm in favor of House Bill 1198.
- House Bill 3977 establishes a permissive process for meet and confer.
- Is there anyone else who wishes to testify for or against House Bill 3977?
Bills:
HB158, HB714, HB1198, HB1630, HB1998, HB3509, HB3788, HB3875, HB3948, HB3977, HB4097, HB4313, HB4314, HB4317
Keywords:
housing, veterans, surplus government property, affordable housing, funding sources, housing assistance, homeless prevention, landlord incentives, rural housing, domestic violence, community development, tenant readiness, landlord incentives, housing assistance, homeless prevention, program participants, financial assistance, housing assistance, homelessness, landlord incentives
Summary:
The meeting of the committee addressed multiple bills focusing primarily on local government regulations concerning environmental policy and spending practices. Notably, HB4313 and HB4314 were discussed, with advocates expressing concerns about the overreach of local governments in implementing stringent environmental regulations that might impact efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Testimony included perspectives from organizations like the Texas Public Policy Foundation, emphasizing that local governments should focus on practical criteria rather than subjective social governance measures, particularly in contracting processes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Developent Apr 30th, 2025 at 10:04 am
Transcript Highlights:
- I appreciate the opportunity to lay out committee substitutes for House Bill 4876, which relates to the
House Bill 4876 committee substitute would allow escrow
- And this bill is not a silver bullet. It's not going to magically produce housing.
Madam Chair, you have House Bill 32, which you are
- Members, I would respectfully ask for your favorable consideration of House Bill 5567, and with that,
Keywords:
squatting, property rights, eviction process, housing availability, condominium development, escrow deposits, Committee on Trade, Trade, Workforce, and Economic Development
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Trade, Workforce, and Economic Development featured critical discussions surrounding several proposed bills, including SB1333, HB4876, and HB5567. Notably, the committee focused on issues related to property rights and squatting, with testimony emphasizing the urgent need for legislation to streamline the eviction process for squatters. Several witnesses, including representatives from various organizations, voiced strong support for SB1333, arguing that the current legal remedies are inadequate and contribute to escalating property disputes and community issues. Meanwhile, HB4876 aimed to address housing availability by allowing the use of escrow deposits for construction, which supporters believe will facilitate condominium development and ease the housing crisis in Texas. Finally, the committee adjourned after leaving several bills pending for further discussion, indicating the complexity and importance of these legislative efforts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Mar 19th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- bill, House Bill 1130.
- House Bill 2636 passed the House last session.
- House Bill 1130 will help.
- Bill 1130 and we'll leave House Bill 1130.
- The chair lays out House Bill 172.
Keywords:
civil liability, self-defense, force, deadly force, legal immunity, attorney's fees, criminal justice, firearms, liability, veterans, gun ownership, immunity, firearm hold agreement, civil liability, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, parental rights
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on various legislative proposals, with significant discussions surrounding bills aimed at enhancing legal protections for citizens and jury privacy. Notably, House Bill 1110, presented by Chairman Shaheen, addresses safeguards for citizens reporting suspicious activities, ensuring they are protected from legal repercussions when acting in good faith. There was unanimous support for HB 349, which relates to civil liabilities associated with removing individuals from vehicles, illustrating the committee's commitment to providing social protections amid rising concerns around public safety.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
House Bill 1240 is a straightforward cleanup bill that
- Is there anyone else who would like to testify for or against House Bill 2788?
- I wish to testify on, for, or against House Bill 1562.
- Is there anyone else who wishes to testify on, for, or against House Bill 31?
- Senator Johnson sends up a committee substitute for House Bill.
Keywords:
border region, infrastructure, economic development, government operations, education, historical documents, Texas Constitution, Texas Declaration of Independence, Alamo, cultural preservation, Texas-Mexico border, apprenticeship program, information technology, historic preservation, economic development, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Economic Development Committee featured extensive discussions on several bills focused on streamlining processes, improving technology education, and preserving historical sites. House Bill 1240 was presented to unify the definition of the Texas-Mexico border region, which drew no objections during the public testimony segment. Another significant bill discussed was HB2768, aimed at establishing an IT apprenticeship credential to address workforce shortages in state government, indicating a proactive approach to enhancing the state's technical capabilities. The chair emphasized the importance of these initiatives in bolstering both education and economic capacity within Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This is Senate Bill 958. We don't have a House bill number. That's correct. Okay, I've got a...
The chair lays out House Bill 1916.
The chair moves that House Bill...
- This is the bill by Senator Huffman, and I'm sponsoring it in the House.
- Members, this is a companion to the bill we unanimously voted out of committee, House Bill 3636 by Chairman
Keywords:
community supervision, budget approval, corrections department, strategic plan, judicial oversight, human trafficking, criminal records, sealed offenses, community supervision, legislative testimony, committee proceedings
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant discussions surrounded various bills including HB1969, SB958, and SB663. Representative Allen moved that HB1969 be reported favorably without amendments, which was adopted amidst a few dissenting votes concerning amendments on fees. The most notable conversation revolved around SB958, where Representative Thompson and other advocates passionately presented the case for trafficking survivors and the need to expand the list of sealable misdemeanors for these individuals. Witness testimonies reflected real-world implications, with survivors sharing their experiences to underscore the urgent need for legislative action.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Mar 26th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The chair will leave House Bill...
- The chair will withdraw the committee substitute to House Bill 2637, and we will leave House Bill 2637
- I'm here to oppose House Bill 1938.
- Bill 3004 and leaves House Bill 3004 pending at this time.
- Bill 2960 and leaves House Bill 2960 pending at this time.
Bills:
HB1239, HB1990, HB1748, HB1749, HB2578, HB2986, HB1970, HB3163, HB2733, HB1922, HB113, HB1088, HB1938, HB3004, HB2637, HB2960
Keywords:
public health, access to healthcare, insurance reforms, medical expenses, healthcare providers, mental health, protective custody, preliminary examination, detention period, emergency circumstances, mental health, protective custody, detention period, emergency detention, legal framework, mental health, protective custody, detention, healthcare, emergency detention
Summary:
During the meeting, the committee engaged in substantial discussions surrounding several key pieces of legislation, particularly focusing on HB3004 which aims to enhance safety standards around high voltage power lines. Testimonies revealed concerns about the historical inadequacies of existing safety protocols, with multiple stakeholders advocating for strengthening provisions to avoid incidents of electrocution. Additionally, HB1088 was addressed, with debates regarding its potential implications on healthcare access, especially concerning transgender youth. There were conflicting opinions expressed regarding the necessity and impact of these legislative changes, highlighting the broader societal debates occurring around health and safety regulations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Under House Bill 7, suspicion alone is enough.
- House Bill 7 takes a reckless gamble.
- In fact, a bill was filed in the House.
- Bill 18 to take up and consider House Bill 18.
- House Bill 18, it's not the intent of House Bill 18 to punish Democrats who broke quorum, is it?
Keywords:
sex designation, restroom access, civil penalties, private civil right of action, women's privacy, campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards, disaster relief, flood preparedness, emergency funding, local government support, meteorological forecasting, abortion, healthcare, jurisdiction, civil action, qui tam
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion and passage of several significant bills, including HB20, which aims to prevent and reduce fraudulent charitable solicitations during disasters. Representative Perry highlighted the importance of this bill in ensuring that legitimate organizations receive donations while deterring scams that occur in the aftermath of disasters. The bill was passed unanimously with discussions around its necessity and the impact on victims of fraud. Further, House Bill 18 was discussed concerning penalties for legislators attempting to break quorum, a topic that stirred some debate on legislative integrity and rules enforcement. Members voiced varying opinions on the implications of the bill, leading to its eventual passage amid objections from some members who raised concerns about its enforcement mechanisms and potential for misuse.
Overall, the meeting was well-attended, with members actively debating key issues while striving for legislative progress on these critical bills. The audience included public stakeholders who expressed their views, showcasing the engagement between legislators and constituents on pressing matters.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 1st, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 173 is critical in closing those gaps.
- House Bill 678 requires institutions of higher education...
- House Bill 184.
- The chair offers a committee substitute to House Bill 184.
- My name is Peggy Amey and I am here regarding House Bill 1211.
Bills:
HB173, HB184, HB484, HB678, HB1211, HB1507, HB1705, HB1868, HB2290, HB2851, HB2856, HB3041, HB3204
Keywords:
foreign donations, higher education, public institutions, national security, funding, higher education, foreign donations, prohibition, national security, Texas law, healthcare, insurance, affordability, access, public health, higher education, foreign donations, national security, foreign influence, education policy
Summary:
The committee meeting largely centered around three significant bills: HB3204, HB173, and HB1507. HB3204 aims to address the workforce skills gap in Texas by modernizing vocational training and establishing what is now referred to as the Polytechnic College. Representative Metcalfe emphasized the need for relevant workforce training programs aligned with today's job market, which led to discussions about the new certificate programs that will be introduced. Additionally, public institutions will benefit from enhanced support for those who may not meet traditional entrance requirements.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Mar 26th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- That's House Bill 2626.
- The chair lays out House Bill 29 and recognizes Representative Gerdes to explain the bill.
- Previously, House Bill 4445 regarding water loss...
- Bill 29 out of committee and onto the House floor.
- The chair lays out House Bill 1689. The 88th legislature passed House Bill 3059.
Keywords:
groundwater, export fees, conservation district, interlocal contracts, water supply, groundwater, water conservation, permit application, neighboring districts, aquifer, water rates, utility regulation, financial hardship, rate increase cap, Class A utilities, dissolution, special districts, water code, inactive districts, environmental quality
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on addressing several important water-related bills, including HB391, HB420, and HB2626 among others. Representative Bell presented updates on HB391 related to accountability for rural water districts, achieving a consensus for statewide applicability and allowing for virtual meetings. Multiple testimonies were heard, showcasing both support for and concerns regarding the bills, specifically emphasizing the significance of maintaining water resources and addressing community needs amid Texas's growth. Representative Buckley advocated for HB2626 aimed at establishing the Central Texas Water Alliance to ensure sustainable water management across the region, which involves collaboration among various public, private, and state entities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Apr 30th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm here today testifying on its behalf in support of Chairman Harris' bill, House Bill 3322.
- However, we must respectfully oppose House Bill 4896.
- House Bill 987 by Goodwin will not be heard today.
- I'm here this morning to testify in support of House Bill 5348.
- I ask for your kind consideration of House Bill 5348.
Bills:
HB937, HB2078, HB2080, HB3322, HB3350, HB4212, HB4630, HB4896, HB4951, HB5348, HB5675, SB565, SB971, SB1662, SB2124
Keywords:
special districts, notice requirements, Water Code, government transparency, public meetings, special districts, meeting notice, transparency, Water Code, public engagement, special districts, notice, public meetings, elections, Water Code, groundwater management, water conservation, joint planning, environmental impact, desired future conditions
Summary:
The recent committee meeting showcased significant discussions around various groundwater management bills, emphasizing legislative accountability and environmental conservation efforts. Notably, HB4896 was presented, which aims to streamline the designation of brackish groundwater production zones, facilitating better management of Texas' water resources. Testimonies from multiple stakeholders underscored the necessity for transparency in groundwater conservation districts and the importance of adapting to climate impacts. Additionally, House Bill 4212 aimed to enhance interagency communication pertaining to land and water conservation, further stressing a collaborative approach to resource management.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Chair lays out as pending business, House Bill 2844.
Chair lays out House Bill 5082.
- I appreciate you allowing me the opportunity to lay out House Bill 5082.
- Against House Bill 5082.
- House Bill 5510 is left pending.
Keywords:
biological sex, government information, definitions, sex-based distinctions, public health, flags, display, state law, municipalities, government buildings, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, private civil right of action, destruction of property, qui tam action, Committee meeting, abortion, drug trafficking, local government policies
Summary:
The meeting of the committee brought forward several bills, including notable discussions on HB5082 and HB5510. During the meeting, concerns regarding local governments' ability to adopt decriminalization policies were addressed, particularly as these have led to legal actions involving the state. Witness testimonies presented both support and opposition to the bills, with strong sentiments expressed on both sides. Representative Leach advocated for stricter regulations on abortion drug trafficking and the need for better protections for women. An emotional debate ensued addressing the implications of these regulations on women's health and rights. Additionally, the committee debated the repercussions of the bills on local governance and public health outcomes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The chair lays out House Bill 3902 and offers a committee.
- I'm laying out how the committee substitute for House Bill 5396.
- The Chair lays out House Bill 4585 and recognizes Chairman Spiller to explain the bill.
- Anyone else wishing to testify for or against House Bill 4585?
- Thank you for the opportunity to lay out House Bill 660 today.
Bills:
HB660, HB4845, HB3902, HB5396, HB4615, HB1825, HB1403, HB4336, HB4585, HB4371, HB863, SB1589, HB5223, HB3195, HB2734
Keywords:
child protective services, adult protective services, caseload limits, call processing goals, child-care licensing, employee workload, reporting requirements, employee caseload limits, protective services, child-care licensing, call processing goals, workload management, accountability, Department of Family and Protective Services, caseload limits, protective services, child-care licensing, employee goals, call processing, caseload limits
Summary:
The meeting was organized to address several key bills affecting health care and public assistance programs. A significant portion of the time was dedicated to discussing HB4585, which seeks to streamline claims processing for Medicaid providers by instituting strict payment timelines and limiting the use of artificial intelligence in utilization reviews. Representative Spiller and various stakeholders provided testimonies highlighting the frustrations of rural health care providers regarding payment delays. Concerns were raised about preserving patient access to necessary services amid administrative burdens. Another important discussion revolved around HB2734, which aims to combat fraud in public assistance programs, a topic that sparked heated testimonies reflecting the complexities faced by low-income families in navigating application processes. Critics expressed worries that the bill could mistakenly criminalize innocent mistakes in applications.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Is there anyone else who would like to testify for or against House Bill 1851?
- The chair lays out, as a matter of pending business, House Bill 1851.
- As a matter of pending business, House Bill 4230 in lieu of Senate Bill 1520, which was heard in a previous
- Senator Schwertner moves that House Bill 4230 be reported.
- The committee substitute for House Bill 5596 is adopted by unanimous consent.
Keywords:
expedited service, business records, veteran-owned businesses, franchise tax, fee schedule, surplus vehicles, law enforcement equipment, school districts, Texas Facilities Commission, economically disadvantaged areas, warship manufacturing, national security, economic growth, job creation, shipbuilding, Taiwan, U.S. relations, trade, economic cooperation, sister-state
Summary:
The meeting centered around several significant bills and resolutions, with a focus on supporting veteran-owned businesses and the manufacturing industry in Texas. The discussion led to the adoption of committee substitutes for multiple bills, including HB346 and HB5596, which aimed to streamline business processes and support local communities by reporting on municipal hotel occupancy tax revenues. Notably, HCR127 emphasized the importance of the relationship between Texas and Taiwan, highlighting trade partnerships and mutual benefits for both regions. Public testimony was minimal, which may have contributed to a swift passage of many measures without contention.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence S/C New Offenses and Changed Penalties May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- The chair lays out House Bill 2915.
- House Bill 2915 is left pending.
- And you’re testifying for or against House Bill 689?
- Chair hears none; House Bill 689 is left pending.
- House Bill 5467 is left pending.
Keywords:
public safety, criminal penalties, HB544, vulnerable populations, child abuse, consecutive sentencing, HB689, elder abuse, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussing various bills addressing public safety and criminal penalties within Texas. Notable discussions included the introduction of HB544, which aims to expand consecutive sentencing for crimes against children and vulnerable adults. Representative Gervin Hawkins highlighted the urgent need for this legislation by referencing a shocking case in Bexar County involving severe abuse, illustrating the limitations of current law in imposing adequate penalties. The bill received public support and raised awareness of the ongoing issues surrounding the safety of vulnerable populations.