Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'House Bills'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 31st, 2025 at 10:03 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 3126 offers targeted relief for recovery.
- During the 87th legislative session, we passed House Bill 21.
- Thank you for the opportunity to lay out House Bill 3594.
- As Representative Lujan said, House Bill 3594 makes a number of...
- Sub for House Bill 3014.
Keywords:
teacher benefits, insurance coverage, school employees, group coverage program, risk stabilization fee, pensions, financial fraud, payment fraud, retirement benefits, House Bill 3594, House Bill 3109, San Antonio Fire and Police, Financial Crimes Intelligence Center
Summary:
The Committee on Pensions, Investments, and Financial Services convened to discuss various legislative bills focused on enhancing financial security for public employees and addressing instances of financial fraud. Notably, House Bill 3594 was presented by Representative Lujan, aimed at modernizing the San Antonio Fire and Police Retiree Health Care Fund, with support from key stakeholders, indicating broad consensus on the bill's implications. In addition, House Bill 3109 was addressed, expanding the scope of the Financial Crimes Intelligence Center to include payment fraud, reflecting Texas's proactive approach to tackling criminal financial activities and protecting its citizens.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence May 6th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, obviously it's a House bill.
- I'm sorry, House Bill 437.
- Little moves that House Bill 1418...
- , House Bill 1572.
- House Bill 1572. OK.
Keywords:
intoxication, assault, criminal penalty, Bodily injury, serious bodily injury, law enforcement, emergency services, public safety, juvenile justice, legal representation, House Bill 437, House Bill 507, Senate Bill 40, public testimony, legislative procedures, bail bond payments
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss various bills primarily focused on juvenile justice and legal representation standards. Notable discussions included House Bill 437, which addresses the placement of youth in detention facilities according to regulations, as explained by Representative Cook. House Bill 507, which pertains to legal representation for indigent defendants, also sparked a debate that resulted in tight voting, showcasing the divergent opinions among committee members. Additionally, Senate Bill 40 underwent a reconsideration, reflecting substantial amendments aimed at balancing non-profit and for-profit entity payments related to bail bonds, which highlighted the complexities of legislative amendments and the procedural adherence required to maintain order in discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- To explain his bill, House Bill 2667:
- House Bill 4130 adjusts that timeline to 180 days to allow.
- I ask for your favorable consideration of House Bill 4130.
- House Bill 4131 is the last bill in this package.
- , House Bill 4131.
Bills:
HB1531, HB2667, HB2809, HB2865, HB3589, HB3151, HB3748, HB3750, HB4419, HB4643, HB3597, HB4129, HB4130, HB4131
Keywords:
senior living, referral agencies, consumer protection, regulation, elderly services, youth, mental health, suicide prevention, protective services, child welfare, reporting requirements, Medicaid, public assistance, ex parte renewal, eligibility, Texas, group home, licensing, regulation, health and safety
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on several key bills pertaining to the accountability and operational continuity of single-source continuum contractors within the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Representative Davis presented three related bills: HB4129, HB4130, and HB4131, which were designed to strengthen DFPS's enforcement mechanisms, clarify contract termination timelines, and enable swift action in cases of non-compliance by services providers. Each bill was discussed in detail, highlighting their importance for ensuring services for children and families remain uninterrupted and meet quality standards. Witnesses from various stakeholders provided testimony both in support and in critique of the proposed legislation, indicating the significant impact these bills could have on service delivery across the state.
A notable moment during the meeting was when the discussion surrounding HB4130 revealed concerns regarding current 60-day notice requirements for contract terminations, which were deemed insufficient. The proposed extension to 180 days is aimed at ensuring a seamless transition without service disruption. The meeting concluded with the decision to leave the bills pending further consideration, demonstrating a commitment to address the pressing issues raised by the lawmakers and community members involved.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education Mar 5th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Also, the chair will lay out a committee substitute for House Bill 20.
- Also, the chair will lay out a committee substitute for House Bill 20.
- We are presenting testimony in strong support of House Bill 21.
- On House Bill 20.
- Bill 3 or House Bill 8 would work in this bill.
Keywords:
applied sciences, career education, high school diploma, certificate program, work-based learning, job placement, high-growth jobs, technical training, career readiness, education reform, workforce training, public schools, financial aid, career and technical education, House Bill 120, House Bill 112, guidance counselors, funding, rural education, artificial intelligence
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant discussions surrounding career and technical education, particularly in relation to House Bills 120 and 112. Various representatives and experts testified on the importance of enhancing CTE accessibility for students, especially those in economically disadvantaged and rural areas. Notably, there was strong advocacy for integrating current job market needs into curriculum offerings, including emerging fields like artificial intelligence. The committee heard passionate arguments about the need for better funding for guidance counselors and CTE programs to prepare students for high-demand jobs, while ensuring they can earn post-secondary credits.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Licensing & Administrative Procedures Mar 25th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee
Transcript Highlights:
This is a real simple bill.
- Jackson, please state your name, who you represent, and your position on the bill.
I'm honored to be here today to support House Bill 2286
- And thank you to the Speaker for championing this bill that will allow me to.
- I mean, it's a real simple bill.
Keywords:
licensing, reciprocity, regulation, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, interstate agreements, massage therapy, civil penalties, human trafficking, public safety, law enforcement, massage therapy, student permit, occupational regulation, education, licensing, massage therapy, regulation, licensing, occupations code, criminal history
Summary:
The meeting of the committee predominantly focused on several key bills aimed at addressing significant social issues, particularly around human trafficking and workforce development. Among the notable discussions was House Bill 491, which seeks to empower local attorneys to collect penalties from illicit massage parlors to fund anti-human trafficking efforts. Testimonies revealed the alarming rise of such establishments in Texas and underscored the importance of effective legislative solutions. There were also discussions surrounding House Bill 1757, introduced to create an additional pathway for CPA licensure, addressing workforce shortages in the accounting field, which has become increasingly urgent as Texas experiences a population boom.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources Mar 31st, 2025 at 02:03 pm
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- For House Bill 3125, is that correct?
- If there's no objection, House Bill 3516 will be left pending.
- The chair lays out House Bill 3707 and recognizes...
- The chair lays out House Bill 3158 and recognizes Chairman Darby to explain this bill.
- House Bill 3158 addresses this gap by establishing...
Keywords:
carbon sequestration, environmental policy, Texas, energy, climate change, regulatory council, geothermal energy, workforce development, education and training, energy industry, apprenticeship, geothermal energy, energy production, Texas, energy policy, renewable energy, state council, administrative law, public information, transparency
Summary:
The meeting of the Energy Resources Committee was marked by extensive discussions on several key legislative bills, particularly those concerning carbon capture, geothermal energy, and oilfield theft. Representative Zwiener laid out HB2612, aimed at creating a carbon dioxide sequestration policy council under the Railroad Commission. The bill's supporters emphasized its potential economic benefits while addressing safety concerns raised by witnesses regarding existing underground injection practices. Notably, there was a strong consensus among proponents that addressing these complex issues proactively is essential for Texas to maintain its leadership in the energy sector. The committee also heard testimony on HB1647, focused on combating petroleum product theft, which remains a growing concern within the state. Witnesses highlighted the pressing need for improved coordination among law enforcement and the establishment of a dedicated task force to tackle this issue effectively.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Juvenile Justice Mar 26th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House S/C on Juvenile Justice
Transcript Highlights:
The chair lays out his House Bill number: House Bill 1511
- I'm here against House Bill 1511.
- I'm here to testify against House Bill 1511.
- Last session, we passed House Bill 422.
- Thank you for bringing House Bill 2147 again.
Keywords:
housing, affordable housing, state regulations, zoning, local government authority, drug court, juvenile justice, diversion programs, rehabilitation, criminal justice reform, juvenile justice, remote proceedings, depositions, virtual hearings, court technology, criminal responsibility, juvenile justice, age of maturity, expungement, mental health services
Summary:
Additionally, House Bill 2147 was discussed, which proposes to expand the use of remote proceedings in juvenile justice, streamlining the process and making it more accessible to families. Supporters highlighted that this efficiency is crucial for ensuring that all parties can participate in hearings, especially as many families struggle with transportation. The meeting concluded with several bills remaining pending, showcasing the ongoing deliberation and consideration of how best to address juvenile crime and justice in the community.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services May 13th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Senator Hancock moves that House Bill 18...
- On House Bill, committee substitute House Bill 4273, I don't
- I am in favor of House Bill 754.
- me, on House Bill 138.
- House Bill 2254 is a rare agreed-to bill that passed the House unanimously.
Bills:
HB35, HB138, HB754, HB1314, HB1612, HB2254, HB2510, HB2789, HB3560, HB3597, HB4224, HB4273, HB4643, HB4783
Keywords:
peer support, first responders, mental health, confidentiality, emergency services, health impact analysis, cost analysis, coverage mandates, health insurance, legislative analysis, health care data, healthcare, price estimates, billing requirements, consumer protection, nonemergency services, assisted living, healthcare, licensing, criminal offense
Summary:
The committee meeting centered on several significant bills regarding public health and safety, particularly focusing on healthcare access, transparency, and opioid crisis response. Notably, House Bill 4783 sparked considerable discussion as it aims to enhance the state's approach to prevent opioid overdoses by directing the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) to prepare biannual reports on opiate antagonist programs. The testimony from public officials like Dallas City Council's Paula Blackman, who spoke passionately about the ongoing fentanyl epidemic, highlighted the urgent necessity of improved access to life-saving medications. In addition, House Bill 1314 drew attention for addressing hospital pricing transparency, attempting to ease financial burdens on patients by mandating accurate upfront estimates for healthcare costs.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 3731 is just a section...
- House Bill 469 will be left pending.
- Okay, the chair lays out House Bill 4925.
- House Bill 5563 will be left pending.
- House Bill 3966 will be left pending.
Bills:
HB341, HB469, HB971, HB1624, HB2721, HB2959, HB3365, HB3731, HB3793, HB3861, HB3946, HB3966, HB4348, HB4401, HB4402, HB4924, HB4966, HB5563
Keywords:
affordable housing, zoning, development, community support, local regulations, bicycle lanes, traffic collisions, Texas Department of Transportation, study, public safety, traffic collisions, bicycles, electric bicycles, scooters, road safety, bicycle lanes, transportation study, Texas Department of Transportation, commercial vehicle, safety standards
Summary:
The committee meeting featured significant discussion around various bills impacting transportation, housing, and public safety. Notably, House Bill 4348 garnered substantial opposition due to concerns that it could hinder local governments' ability to address safety improvements on their streets, potentially impacting affordable housing initiatives. Representatives from community organizations expressed that the bill would punish cities attempting to enhance road safety, while proponents argued it encourages effective use of transportation facilities. House Bill 4402 regarding autonomous vehicle regulation also sparked a heated debate about safety concerns related to driverless trucks operating without human oversight, with passionate testimonies both for and against the bill.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health
Transcript Highlights:
- The chair lays out House Bill 514.
- House Bill 997 is Chair Shaheen's bill.
- House Bill 1027 is Chair Shaheen's bill to increase access.
- House Bill 3269 is left pending.
- House Bill 514 is left pending.
Keywords:
education, funding, school district, students, budget, resources, equity, maternal mortality, health policy, healthcare access, perinatal care, pregnancy-related deaths, artificial intelligence, cancer detection, grant program, healthcare facilities, medical imaging, low-THC cannabis, dispensing organization, Texas Compassionate-Use Program
Summary:
During this meeting, the committee engaged in extensive discussions regarding various bills aimed at improving public health and welfare, including chronic kidney disease resources and statewide health literacy initiatives. Chair Guillen presented House Bill 3269, which proposes the creation of a centralized resource center for chronic kidney disease that is tailored to help patients and healthcare providers with information and resources, garnering robust support from the committee. Additionally, House Bill 1295 was discussed, focusing on enhancing statewide health literacy with a long-range coordination plan from the Department of State Health Services, which was also received favorably by committee members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Mar 26th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 644 is pending business.
- Regarding my House Bill 3163, the chair lays out House Bill
- This bill, House Bill 3163, will clear all that up.
- House Bill 1970 is left pending.
- The chair closes on House Bill 1748. The chair will leave House Bill 1748 pending.
Bills:
HB1239, HB1990, HB1748, HB1749, HB2578, HB2986, HB1970, HB3163, HB2733, HB1922, HB113, HB1088, HB1938, HB3004, HB2637, HB2960
Keywords:
public health, access to healthcare, insurance reforms, medical expenses, healthcare providers, mental health, protective custody, preliminary examination, detention period, emergency circumstances, mental health, protective custody, detention period, emergency detention, legal framework, mental health, protective custody, detention, healthcare, emergency detention
Summary:
The committee meeting featured extensive deliberations on several bills, most notably House Bill 1110, concerning civil suits against individuals reporting suspicious activity in good faith, proposed by Chairman Shaheen. The committee expressed unanimous support for the bill, and it was reported to the full House without amendments. Additionally, House Bill 865, introduced by Speaker Moody, addressing civil liability related to firearm hold agreements, also garnered unanimous approval, underscoring a collaborative effort among committee members. Public testimony highlighted concerns regarding proposed bills, specifically criticisms of House Bill 1748, aimed at exempting municipal courts from language certification requirements, which raised significant opposition related to equitable access to justice for non-English speakers.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Veteran Affairs (Part II)Audio only. May 15th, 2025
Senate Veteran Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Senator Parker now moves that House Bill 39 does not pass
The chair lays out House Bill 114 as a matter of pending
- Business: House Bill 1875.
Senator Parker moves that House Bill 1875 be reported
- House Bill 1965 does pass.
Keywords:
veterans, mental health, Texas Veterans Commission, peer support, suicide prevention, community mental health, grant program, veterans, cemetery, General Land Office, burial plot, Texas Veterans Commission, veterans, remembrance, monthly designation, honoring military, Texas legislation, mental health, veterans, peer support
Summary:
The Senate Veteran Affairs Committee convened to discuss several key bills, primarily focusing on HB39, HB114, HB1875, and HB1965. Notably, Senator Parker presented a committee substitute for HB39, addressing concerns raised by state agencies to ensure better information accuracy and extending report deadlines to December 1st. The committee members unanimously adopted this substitute and recommended its passage. Further discussions included amendments and swift votes on multiple bills, with HB114 following suit with a similar committee substitute process, which was also passed without objection.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Senate Session (Part I)Receipt of House messages. Aug 21st, 2025
Texas Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- President, there's a message from the House.
Mr.
I am directed by the House to inform the Senate that the
- House has taken a vote.
Keywords:
school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security, juvenile boards, mental health services, election challenges, judicial procedures, court security, mental health services
Summary:
The meeting commenced with the Senate being called to order, following a message from the House regarding a vote that had been taken. The session demonstrated a structured agenda, focusing on various legislative matters, though detailed discussions were not present within the transcript. It was noted that the Senate plans to adjourn until the evening of Thursday, August 21st, which indicates ongoing legislative work ahead. While specific bills and concerns were not highlighted in this portion of the transcript, the protocol of the meeting adhered to the formalities of legislative processes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Apr 14th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Is there anyone else who wishes to testify for or against House Bill 5629?
- The Chair hears none, and House Bill 5629 is left pending. Thank you.
The Chair lays on House Bill 3359.
- House Bill 3359 adds a question to the voter registration application.
- House Bill 3359 is left pending.
Keywords:
commemoration, military, navy seal, honor, January 12, Nathan Gage Ingram, military funeral honors, JROTC, veterans, training, grant program, JROTC, military honors, veterans, grant program, community engagement, veterans, military honors, JROTC, funeral services
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around important legislative discussions involving several bills aimed at supporting military personnel and their families. Representative Isaac led the meeting and pushed for swift deliberations on various bills, including those related to veterans’ benefits and licensing for military spouses. Notably, House Bill 5629, presented by Colonel Wilson, sought to streamline the licensing process for military spouses, allowing them to work more effectively in Texas by recognizing their out-of-state licenses. The committee also addressed House Bill 3359, which aims to enhance outreach to veterans by facilitating identification processes, thereby ensuring they receive the benefits to which they are entitled. The meeting concluded with motions for several bills to be scheduled for full committee consideration, demonstrating a proactive approach towards supporting Texas veterans and military families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Aug 5th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
House Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 20 is left pending. Thank you.
- Specifically, House Bill 18 expands the broadband.
- If there's no objection, House Bill 1 will be left pending.
- House Bill 1 is left pending.
- House Bill 2 is left pending.
Keywords:
emergency management, communication, interoperability, grant program, local governments, first responders, Texas Interoperability Council, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training program, volunteer management, criminal history check, emergency communication, funding, comptroller, public safety, infrastructure, flood disaster
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on disaster preparedness and management strategies in response to recent catastrophic events in Texas, particularly concerning House Bills related to flood response and communication infrastructure. Notably, House Bill 19 was introduced to mandate that campgrounds in flood-prone areas develop actionable flood plans to ensure safety during emergencies. Stakeholders voiced strong support for the bill, emphasizing its importance for child safety in recreational areas. Additionally, House Bill 18 aimed at improving emergency communication systems received considerable attention, as members raised concerns about the need for efficient and interoperable communication during disasters. Similar themes of ensuring preparedness and safeguarding communities were echoed throughout the discussions, with experts and witnesses providing impactful testimony on the challenges confronted during recent flooding incidents in Kerr County.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 767 would...
- Chair lays that House Bill.
- You have House Bill 17.
- So the house, this is the House Bill.
- House Bill 3012.
Bills:
HB767, HB1708, HB2143, HB2198, HB2415, HB2457, HB2763, SB876, SB1230, SB2515, SB2688, SB2790, SB2799, HB3012, HB1672, HB2523, HB3135
Keywords:
highway designation, memorial, Montgomery County, Paul P. Mendes, transportation, memorial highway, Kevin Ramirez Vasquez, Ector County, transportation, state designation, memorial designation, highway, military honors, Montgomery County, veteran commemoration, memorial highway, Officer Jacob Candanoza, Transportation Code, state highway, Kaufman County
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on reviewing a series of bills with significant implications for local memorials and dedication of roads to honor public servants. Notably, House Bill 1708 was presented by Senator Hinojosa, which aims to designate a section of State Highway 302 as Trooper Kevin Ramirez Vasquez Memorial Highway, in honor of the fallen trooper who lost his life in the line of duty. The bill was supported by different members and received public testimony, highlighting the commitment of law enforcement to honoring those who made the ultimate sacrifice. Additionally, discussions surrounding House Bill 2415 and House Bill 2523 also captured the testimonies of various community members and officials, further emphasizing the community's dedication to memorializing public servants.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
You picked up a house bill that came over.
- The House passes something out. They send it over to us. It looked like a good bill to me.
- Chair lays out on second reading House Bill 4. The secretary will read the caption.
- And I have sent bills to West House and Johnson House, and
- It's a House bill.
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
The meeting was centered around the discussions of several legislative bills, focusing on significant amendments proposed for House Bill 4, which pertains to the election of members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas. Senator Zaffirini presented an amendment to create a bipartisan Texas Redistricting Commission to address concerns over gerrymandering and to improve the fairness of the redistricting process. The amendment sparked a lively debate among the senators, highlighting different perspectives on the implications of such a commission. Some members voiced their support while others raised concerns regarding the potential need for constitutional amendments to adopt such changes. The discussions also included testimony from Senator Gutierrez, who addressed the importance of transparency and public trust in the redistricting process, emphasizing that voters should have confidence in the electoral maps drawn by the state officials.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Jan 28th, 2025 at 03:01 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
The House will come to order.
- Speaker, I have a messenger from the Senate at the door of the House.
- Speaker, I'm directed by the Senate to inform the House that the Senate has taken the following action
- I'm directed by the Senate to inform the House that the Senate
- marker="2" data-time="30">The Chair announces the signing of the following in the presence of the House
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on the passage of House Concurrent Resolution 54 (HCR54), which authorizes the legislature to adjourn for an extended period in early 2025. The resolution, sponsored by Zaffirini, was discussed in detail, emphasizing its importance for maintaining legislative efficiency. Members expressed varied perspectives on the resolution, with some advocating for more flexibility in adjournment periods to accommodate pressing legislative matters. Overall, the discussions were marked by collaboration and a shared commitment to advancing legislative goals.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 1st, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Bill 20, I'm sorry, House Bill 20.
- Reynolds, House Bill 2134, by Representative Bojani, House Bill 2181, by Representative Shaheen, House
- Bill 2871, by Representative Josie Garcia, House Bill 2950.
- by Representative Cook, House Bill 3173 by Representative Reynolds, House Bill 3294 by Representative
- Reynolds, House Bill 3498 by Representative Cook, House Bill 3507 by Representative Ward.
Keywords:
sexual assault, victim rights, forensic examination, medical care, trauma-informed care, crime victims compensation, evidence retention, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, digital services, reporting requirements, children's protection, sex offender registration, indecent assault, educator-student relationship, criminal justice, legislation, crime victims, compensation fund, information disclosure
Summary:
The meeting of the Juvenile Justice Committee on March 26th focused on multiple significant bills aimed at enhancing the juvenile justice system. Noteworthy discussions included House Bill 1831, presented by Vice Chair Johnson, which seeks to expand juvenile eligibility for drug court programs with a goal of increasing access to rehabilitative treatment for youth. The bill received strong support, passing with a vote of 9-2, and was recommended for favorable reporting to the full House. Additionally, House Bill 2147, introduced by Chairman Van Dever, allows for remote juvenile depositions and court proceedings to increase access and efficiency in the legal process, also passing unanimously with a vote of 10-1. The committee members engaged in thorough debates regarding the impact of these bills on families and juveniles, emphasizing the importance of rehabilitation over punishment.