Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'tiered funding system'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on County & Regional Government Mar 31st, 2025 at 10:03 am
House S/C on County & Regional Government
Keywords:
rural prosecution, salary assistance, staffing grant, legal support, criminal justice, fireworks, permit requirements, sale, county regulations, public safety, hospital district, administration, elections, director qualifications, public contracts, salary supplement, county judges, judicial functions, state law, government compensation
Summary:
During the meeting of the Permanent Standing Subcommittee on County, a range of bills was presented and discussed, primarily concerning local governance and healthcare efficiency. The chair initiated the session by laying out HB2438, which aims to modernize the Concho County Hospital District's governing legislation to better align with current operational realities. Chairman Darby spoke on the importance of updating the statute to address outdated provisions, ensuring the district can continue to provide essential health services. The committee also heard testimony regarding several other bills, including HB2658, which focuses on clarifying the governing laws for the Kimball County Hospital District, and HB1845, which was described as offering flexibility in judicial pay for county judges hearing state cases.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Licensing & Administrative Procedures Apr 22nd, 2025 at 11:04 am
House Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee
Keywords:
education, funding, student support, financial aid, K-12, higher education, weather modification, prohibition, criminal offense, Texas, agriculture, weather modification, environmental control, criminal offense, agriculture law, Texas legislation, weather modification, chemical control, agriculture, criminal offense
Summary:
The meeting of the Licensing and Administrative Procedures Committee was marked by the thorough examination of multiple bills, including HB 2983 concerning impoundment storage fees, which was favorably reported to the full House. The chair, Phelan, guided members through considerations of several bills relating to industry regulation, including HB 2186 and HB 2278, which both successfully passed out of the committee with recommendations for further action. Notably, public testimonies were taken, addressing concerns surrounding the implications of these legislative changes on local businesses and public safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- technology education options and as indicators of military readiness in the public school accountability system
- >Students in these programs often lack access to the same state funding
- JROTC program to count as an indicator of military readiness under the public school accountability system
- 252">This change supports student readiness for both military and civilian careers and ensures fair funding
Keywords:
Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, Leadership Officer Training Corps, public school, career education, military readiness, public school accountability, Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, Leadership Officer Training Corps, career education, public school accountability, funding allotments, healthcare, insurance, cost control, patient access, regulation, affordability, public health, JROTC, Leadership Officer Training Corps
Summary:
The meeting of the committee on academic and career-oriented education centered on a series of bills focused on career and technology education. Notably, Representative Kerr introduced HB1079, which aims to formally recognize JROTC and LOTC programs as viable career and technology education pathways. Kerr expressed the significance of these programs for student readiness in both military and civilian careers, emphasizing the importance of leadership and teamwork skills gained through these courses. Public testimony included support from former JROTC members, highlighting the positive impact of the program on their lives and career trajectories.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- 100" data-time="594"> Senate Bill 1375, which creates the Collin County Local Provider Participation Fund
- data-time="1908"> The River Authority of Texas owns and operates five wholesale regional wastewater systems
- , four wholesale regional drinking water treatment systems, and the dam that forms Lake Livingston.
- They use cards because the system doesn't work.
Keywords:
municipality, local government, Type A, Type B, Type C, change authority, ad valorem taxes, split payment, property taxes, tax regulations, payment options, healthcare funding, Medicaid, county program, mandatory payments, provider participation, health care, Medicaid, county participation, mandatory payments
Summary:
The meeting of the legislative committee was focused on the discussion and voting of several bills, including HB303, HB2740, HB2742, and HB4753. Each bill presented drew attention from various committee members, with detailed debates surrounding their implications and utility. For instance, HB4753, which addresses issues arising from lost certificates of occupancy, prompted a discussion on the difficulties faced by property owners in different municipalities struggling to comply with documentation requirements. In general, the committee expressed support for the bills, as many passed with unanimous votes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Aug 5th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
House Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Infrastructure Fund.
- assistance system?
- that system, are you not?
- and lower tier.
- , assist in systems engineering with the existing systems, and then outlining for those who are going
Keywords:
emergency management, communication, interoperability, grant program, local governments, first responders, Texas Interoperability Council, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training program, volunteer management, criminal history check, emergency communication, funding, comptroller, public safety, infrastructure, flood disaster
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on disaster preparedness and management strategies in response to recent catastrophic events in Texas, particularly concerning House Bills related to flood response and communication infrastructure. Notably, House Bill 19 was introduced to mandate that campgrounds in flood-prone areas develop actionable flood plans to ensure safety during emergencies. Stakeholders voiced strong support for the bill, emphasizing its importance for child safety in recreational areas. Additionally, House Bill 18 aimed at improving emergency communication systems received considerable attention, as members raised concerns about the need for efficient and interoperable communication during disasters. Similar themes of ensuring preparedness and safeguarding communities were echoed throughout the discussions, with experts and witnesses providing impactful testimony on the challenges confronted during recent flooding incidents in Kerr County.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- transportation and water systems.
- We would like for Operation Drawbridge to eventually be a federally funded operation.
- marker="490" data-time="2934">We have threat-to-life teams in every region now, and these are not funded
- We're a national security counterintelligence consultancy firm made up of veterans from tiers one, two
- , and three, specifically from JSOC, SOCOM, and tier one units.
Keywords:
homeland security, border security, critical infrastructure, Department of Public Safety, intelligence operations, public-private partnerships, SB36, border security, Homeland Security Division, Department of Public Safety, emergency preparedness, critical infrastructure, transnational threats, law enforcement collaboration
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Border Security convened to discuss SB36, which aims to establish a Homeland Security Division within the Department of Public Safety. Senator Parker presented the bill, highlighting its intent to consolidate various homeland security operations to enhance coordination across federal, state, and local levels. Notable discussions revolved around the bill's focus on border security, critical infrastructure protection, and emergency preparedness. Testimonies from law enforcement officials and security experts emphasized the need for enhanced collaboration and the integration of advanced technologies in ensuring Texas’ safety against transnational threats and local criminal activity.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- these are hotel occupancy tax funds.
- Funds not spent on tourism will reduce property taxes or the increase in property taxes.
- We take our oversight and administrative role of these hotel occupancy tax funds very seriously.
- We saw during the pandemic that the source of fraud in the UI system changed significantly.
- That account is used currently with a fund that has resources for the maintenance of monuments.
Keywords:
monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, project financing zone, municipal tax revenue, convention centers, multipurpose arenas, infrastructure development, hike and bike trails, outdoor recreation, environmental stewardship, Bicentennial Trail, Texas history, cultural heritage, unemployment benefits, eligibility, Texas Workforce Commission
Summary:
The meeting was marked by an extensive discussion of several bills aimed at enhancing Texas' economic landscape and infrastructure. Notably, SB2925 focused on modernizing the state's manufacturing sector by promoting automation and digital technology, which received strong support from industry representatives, emphasizing its potential job growth impact. Public testimonies reflected a consensus on the need for Texas to lead in innovation to remain competitive in the manufacturing arena. Furthermore, SB1520, which seeks to create the Texas Bicentennial Trail, also garnered significant support, particularly for its vision of connecting historical sites across Texas without resorting to private property condemnation. The committee faced a good turnout of stakeholders, which added depth to the discussions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part II) Apr 9th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We try to minimize kids' risks whenever they have to interact with the healthcare system as much as possible
Bills:
SB227, SB269, SB407, SB463, SB527, SB547, SB1283, SB1380, SB1383, SB1511, SB1640, SB1784, SB2069
Keywords:
school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, healthcare policy, vaccines, exemptions, religious beliefs, public health, workplace violence, healthcare facilities, definition expansion, safety regulations, health and safety code, health insurance, anesthesia, pediatric dental services, coverage, medical necessity
Summary:
The meeting of the committee covered critical discussions focused on several key bills aimed at enhancing safety and improving healthcare access for vulnerable populations, particularly seniors and pediatric patients. The members heard testimony in support of SB1283, with Lieutenant Jonathan Blanchard from the Dallas Police Department advocating for the bill as a means to ensure safer environments in senior facilities by instituting criminal history checks for employees. Carmen Tilton from the Texas Assisted Living Association also highlighted the bill's balance between safety and privacy, showing strong support from various stakeholders. Additionally, the committee discussed SB527, which addresses the challenges of obtaining insurance coverage for general anesthesia required for pediatric dental procedures. Experts testified about the urgent need for reform to prevent potential health crises in children and to streamline care access for parents.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session May 28th, 2025 at 10:05 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Our missile guidance systems use them as their building blocks, satellites, radar systems.
- Funding the NRA out of the major events reimbursement fund
- are deposited in the trust fund.
- funding metric.
- the PRB funding guidelines.
Bills:
SB15, SB646, SB800, SB790, SB748, SB571, SB1957, SB1923, SB1896, SB1760, SB1335, SB2368, SB2477, SB2587, SB2986, SB2965, SB1563, SB1467, SB1164, SB1137, SB614, SB705, SB918, SB955, SB869, SB850, SB863, SB1055, SB2206, SB457, SB2337, SB1610, SB1362, SB926, SB1494, SB251, SB456, SB500, SB1307, SB2615, SB2995, SB2321, SB2972, SB973, SB865, SB506, SB1522, SB1558, SB510, SB667, SB763, SB2073, SB1858, SB1660, SB2900, SB1433, SB1540, SB1964, SB1300, SB1644, SB2217, SB2373, SB2431, SB1758, SB974, SB2480, SB3039, SB3047, SB2781, SB826, SB766, SB527, SB1946, SB2885, SB1243, SB2610, SB857, SB2501, SB66, SB268, SB331, SB1302, SB519, SB2807, SB13, SB7, SB1718, SB1567, SB1233, SB413, SB2177, SB30, SB2024, SJR1, SCR27, SB2018, SB1580, SB2121, SB1049, SB1266, SB1400, SB1596, SB2753, SB2221, SB1719, SCR9, SB204, SB437, SB568, SB612, SB672, SB710, SB823, SB876, SB904, SB905, SB968, SB1084, SB1207, SB1230, SB1313, SB1504, SB1790, SB2232, SB2366, SB2367, SB2398, SB2515, SB2520, SB2589, SB2786, SB2790, SB3048, SB3050, SB3052, SB3053, SB3056, SB3029, SCR3, SCR18, SCR30, HCR146, HCR148, HCR149, HCR153, HCR155, HCR157, HB5560, HB762, HB1584, HB107, HB114, HB138, HB4386, HB2495, HB581, HB3348, HB5323, HB4341, HB6, HB2712, HB171, HB3153, HB143, HB2688, HB3464, HB449, HB3486, HB4263, HB2, HB1522, HB24, HB1237, HB2637, HB3126, HB3233, HB4310, HB3487, HCR9, HB5331, HB1397, HB163, HB3250, HB3071, HB3463, HB5033, HB35, HB3824, HB216, HB4226, HB3512, HB18, HB5154, HB103, HB851, HB647, HB4520, HB3016, HB2313, HB2818, HB2851, HB4486, HB4264, HB1500, HB5081, HB2974, HB2080, HB4384, HB5659, HB493, HB4903, HB2516, HB4488, HB4530, HB3689, HB145, HB43, HB5247, HB2221, HB5671, HB700, HB3711, HB120, SB17, SB1637, SB1833, SB2155, SB21, SB2778, SB379
Keywords:
mental health, loan repayment, education funding, mental health professionals, healthcare access, sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, higher education, student safety, orientation policies, customer complaints, Public Utility Commission, water service, complaint process, utility regulation, laser hair removal, health regulation, cosmetic procedures
Summary:
The meeting featured a comprehensive discussion involving several bills primarily focused on education, mental health, and public safety. Notable was the passage of SB204, which establishes a parental rights handbook that consolidates various rights pertaining to education and training for school district trustees. The bill was passed unanimously, highlighting strong bipartisan support for parental engagement in education. Additionally, the committee discussed SB2277, which allocates funding to assist local law enforcement with violent crime rates, indicative of a heightened concern over public safety. Amendments and testimonies highlighted the various stakeholders' views, emphasizing the importance of community engagement in legislative measures.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part I) Apr 9th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It's good practice for everybody involved in the system.
- So you're saying this would actually create a duplicative system.
- Did we ever fund that, Jamie?
- They trusted the system.
- This bill doesn't ask the system to bend; it simply asks it to be fair.
Bills:
SB227, SB269, SB407, SB463, SB527, SB547, SB1283, SB1380, SB1383, SB1511, SB1640, SB1784, SB2069
Keywords:
school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, healthcare policy, vaccines, exemptions, religious beliefs, public health, workplace violence, healthcare facilities, definition expansion, safety regulations, health and safety code, health insurance, anesthesia, pediatric dental services, coverage, medical necessity
Summary:
The meeting of the Health and Human Services Committee covered a variety of bills focused on improving health care access, patient protections, and enhancing oversight of health-related services. Key discussions were held around SB1640, which aims to broaden the scope of criminal history checks for Medicaid providers to enhance accountability and prevent fraud. Senator Hagenbooth explained the committee substitute, emphasizing the necessity of strengthening vetting processes within Medicaid programs. Additionally, SB1784 was introduced, which seeks to protect patients from unexpected medical debt collection practices by mandating advance written notices before debt collection actions are initiated. Discussion around this bill reflected a collective concern for transparency in medical billing and the financial wellbeing of patients.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education May 6th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- program in a tier one school.
- Even some of the full-tier professors.
- You represent the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, as well as yourself.
- I'm a policy counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
- , and embedded systems.
Keywords:
living expenses, higher education, student support, homeless students, financial aid, grant program, baccalaureate degrees, higher education, junior colleges, workforce development, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, competency-based education, baccalaureate degree, higher education, cost of attendance, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, dual credit, computer science, higher education, course credit
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on heated discussions surrounding SB37 and HB4848, with numerous testimonies given by concerned citizens, educators, and students. Advocates for SB37 emphasized the need for educational reform, arguing that current higher education standards are overly influenced by political ideologies and do not adequately prepare students for the workforce. Opponents voiced strong concerns about the bill's potential to undermine academic freedom and lead to the removal of essential courses from the curriculum, which would diminish the quality of education in Texas. The meeting highlighted a clear divide on the future of educational policies and governance in universities, reflecting broader social and political tensions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I want to explain about our body-worn camera system.
- The system that we put into place with funding from last session requires that the officer has to leave
- So as far as additional funding in the training of staff...
- So you still think it's a two-tiered system because, I mean, they're criminals.
- in our current system.
Keywords:
community supervision, repeat offenders, intoxication, Texas Penal Code, criminal justice reform, intoxication manslaughter, criminal penalties, community supervision, mandatory supervision, parole eligibility, Grayson's Law, mental health, trauma, jailers, law enforcement, occupational health, diligent participation, state jail felony, criminal justice reform, time credits
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several significant bills addressing public safety and reform within the correctional system. Notably, HB2103 was discussed, which aims to provide mental health leave for correctional officers, amid growing concerns about their wellbeing due to the psychological stress associated with their duties. Support was voiced by various stakeholders, highlighting the need for better support systems for officers facing trauma related to their jobs. This bill was aimed at recognizing the critical role that mental health plays in maintaining a safe working environment for those in the corrections field.
In another part of the meeting, HB2017 sparked heated debates, as it sought to instate stricter penalties for intoxication manslaughter committed by undocumented individuals. The discussion brought forth views on fairness and the implications of distinguishing sentences based on immigration status. Several witnesses offered testimony, both for and against the bill, leading to a contentious atmosphere that reflected the broader societal debates about immigration and public safety. Overall, the meeting highlighted the challenges of reforming laws while considering the variables of mental health and immigration status in the context of public safety.
TX
Keywords:
voter registration, Election Code, registrar duties, funds withholding, state compliance, disaster response, emergency management, legislative authority, business operations, state of emergency, e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, voting, election integrity, tabulation equipment, testing procedures, election code
Summary:
During the committee meeting, significant discussions centered around various proposed bills, including a deeply analyzed pro-life bill that incited passionate testimonies from both supporters and opponents. Senator Green passionately defended the necessity of the bill, highlighting personal stories to illustrate the emotional landscape surrounding the issue. The committee called witnesses who offered a range of perspectives, making for a dynamic and sometimes heated conversation. Additionally, the committee discussed budgeting concerns relevant to healthcare provisions and legislative impacts on educational funding.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Apr 7th, 2025 at 11:00 am
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="144">When we've talked about this, there are some tolling authorities that have charitable funds
They don't have state funds going through them, so they're
- such as the creation of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the GI Bill, and the National Cemetery System
- of developing surplus property into housing units for homeless veterans, and identifying existing funding
- This will allow the program to serve as many veterans as available funding permits.
Keywords:
Veterans of Foreign Wars, veterans, commemoration, military service, recognition, September 29, veterans, waiver programs, toll roads, discount programs, transportation, veterans, affordable housing, land bank program, low-income households, Texas State Affordable Housing Corporation, education, funding, schools, curriculum
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss a range of bills pertinent to veterans' issues, including housing, mental health, and memorial designations. Representative Lopez took a leading role in presenting several bills, most notably HB2210, which aims to formally recognize the United States Space Force within Texas laws. Concerns were expressed over ensuring that Space Force veterans receive the same benefits as those from other military branches. Various resource witnesses contributed their expertise to underline the necessity of these initiatives. The public also had opportunities to provide testimony regarding the impact of these measures on veterans' welfare. Discussions frequently centered on challenges such as homelessness among veterans, with several bills introduced to address these issues directly.
The committee expressed a strong intention to advocate for veterans' needs through legislation, with notable support for bills that addressed housing affordability and mental health services. HB2061, which honors a fallen service member, was also discussed, reinforcing the community's commitment to recognizing the sacrifices made by those who served. The meeting concluded with motions to schedule multiple bills for further consideration with unanimous support.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part II)Audio only. May 5th, 2025
Senate State Affairs Committee
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
During the committee meeting, a range of bills were discussed, with several being reported favorably for further consideration by the full Senate. Notably, Senate Bill 2403 was moved by Senator Middleton and adopted without objection. Additionally, Senate Bill 1888, concerning jury selection in certain counties, also gained unanimous approval. The committee expressed clear support for Senator Hagen's Senate Bill 2943 regarding discrimination against occupational license holders, which was substituted and reported favorably. Furthermore, House Bill 1393, proposed by Representative Metcalfe to establish year-round daylight saving time, also received a positive recommendation and was adopted with only a few dissenting votes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="10" data-time="54">Charitable raffles are used by non-profits and wildlife associations to fund
- accept online payments, provide transparency, and conduct unbiased computer draws, allowing for the funding
- Senator Birdwell, you'll recall that... that whole system with the 30.06 and 30.07 signs is designed
- how to beat the lottery system the legislature intended.
- The bottom line about schools is that the lottery funds three days, three days out of a calendar year
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs held a comprehensive meeting focused on several noteworthy bills, particularly those related to the Texas Lottery Commission and foreign adversaries. Discussions were led by various members, including Senator Hall, who expressed serious concerns regarding the legality and integrity of practices within the Lottery Commission, alleging that it has enabled a series of fraudulent activities. Testimonies were heard from stakeholders advocating for House Bill 130, aimed at protecting Texans' genetic information from foreign access. The committee also reviewed House Bills 119 and 581, which tackle transparency in dealings with lobbyists connected to foreign adversaries and address child safety against evolving technological threats, including deepfake technology, respectively. The atmosphere was engaging, with active participation from both committee members and witnesses from various organizations arguing for or against the proposed legislation.
The meeting concluded with gratitude expressed towards the committee staff for their efforts in facilitating a productive session, acknowledging both the importance of the issues at hand and the various testimonies provided. The members agreed on the significance of regulating the Lottery Commission more effectively and ensuring the protection of Texans from potentially harmful external influences. All bills were left pending for further discussion and refinement in future meetings.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Administration (Part II)Audio only. May 27th, 2025
Senate Administration Committee
Keywords:
beekeeping, pollination, agriculture, local economy, Combes, Bee Capital of Texas, water management, eminent domain, bond issuance, Fort Bend County, public infrastructure, special district, government validation, local authority, bonds, Cole Ranch Improvement District, Hunter Ranch Improvement District, bonds, property taxes, infrastructure funding
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Administration convened to reconsider the local and uncontested calendar for May 28, 2025. During the session, Senator Menendez proposed to reconsider the previously certified local calendar, which included the consideration of HB4202. There were no objections raised during the discussions, leading to a smooth affirmation of the calendar containing HB4202. After confirming the recommended list for the May 28, 2025 calendar with a unanimous vote of seven ayes and no nays, the meeting concluded with no additional business on the agenda. The atmosphere was orderly and efficient, highlighting the committee's commitment to addressing legislative scheduling expeditiously.
TX
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, property tax, school funding, enrollment changes, inflation adjustment, tax rate notice, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions
Summary:
The meeting predominantly focused on the discussion of several bills, including SB3, SB16, and a number of House Bills such as HB16, HB23, HB25, HB26, and HB192. Members engaged in lively debates concerning the implications of these bills, with notable discussions centered around community impacts and administrative implications. The committee heard testimony from various stakeholders, reflecting a distribution of opinions on the bills being considered. The atmosphere was one of collaboration as members worked through differing perspectives on the proposed legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part I) Mar 5th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- As for an eligibility change in tiers, or whatever the system
- Are we still in tiers?
- We do not want to create a two-tier system where all our elderly Texans deserve to be safe.
- Department of Housing and Urban Development, and there are no other identified funding options to fund
- Department of Housing and Urban Development, and there are no other identified funding options to fund
Keywords:
healthcare reform, pharmacy benefit managers, consumer protection, community-based care, child welfare, Senate Bill 513, House Bill 1919, House Bill 1763
Summary:
The meeting involved in-depth discussions focused primarily on several significant bills aimed at reforming healthcare, improving consumer protection, and enhancing community-based care. Key highlights included House Bill 1919 and House Bill 1763, which address the roles and regulation of pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) in Texas. Lawmakers emphasized the need for these bills to create a fairer landscape for independent pharmacies while ensuring patient access to necessary medications. Public testimonies reflected both support for the reforms and concerns regarding their potential implications. Another major topic was Senate Bill 513, which proposes the development of a pilot program for community-based care in rural West Texas, aiming to improve child welfare services in regions facing unique challenges.