Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'county governance'
Page 24 of 56
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Is having a tourism PID really the role of government? Sure.
- Otherwise, government does benefit because some of, like...
- from statewide county officials.
- I represent many counties, and I've heard from many counties
- So I know for some of these counties, that's a concern.
Bills:
HB158, HB714, HB1198, HB1630, HB1998, HB3509, HB3788, HB3875, HB3948, HB3977, HB4097, HB4313, HB4314, HB4317
Keywords:
housing, veterans, surplus government property, affordable housing, funding sources, housing assistance, homeless prevention, landlord incentives, rural housing, domestic violence, community development, tenant readiness, landlord incentives, housing assistance, homeless prevention, program participants, financial assistance, housing assistance, homelessness, landlord incentives
Summary:
The meeting of the Intergovernmental Affairs Committee featured significant discussions surrounding three key bills: HB158, HB1630, and HB3509. Representative Raymond presented HB158, a proposal to reutilize surplus government properties for veteran and low-income family housing, emphasizing the need for permanent housing solutions in Texas. The discussion also touched on the fiscal implications of the bill and potential housing resources. In another session, HB1630 was put forward to make social workers eligible for the Homes for Texas Heroes Home Loan Program, addressing the ongoing housing affordability crisis faced by many Americans, particularly younger generations. This bill garnered bipartisan support, showcasing the committee's collective awareness of the housing challenges impacting essential workers in the community.
Lastly, Representative Enchia introduced HB3509, focused on Tourism Public Improvement Districts (TPIDs), which help collect revenue through hotel self-assessments to promote local tourism. This bill aims to enhance competitiveness for conventions in Texas and made clarifications for ease of creating and managing these districts. The committee received various public testimonies expressing support and concerns about the proposed bills. The meeting highlighted the committee's dedication to addressing housing and economic development challenges within Texas, closing with an invitation for further committee discussions and public input.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Since I was with the government for 24 years, I'm very interested in how government departments work
- It isn't for city or county taxes or community colleges.
- Government has no money at all. It's all taxpayer money.
- The 3.5% that's on cities and counties is about 30,000.
- ...local government spending and the local government tax
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, property tax relief, homestead exemption, SB4, SJR2, public testimony, local government spending, Texas economy
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around significant discussions regarding property tax relief, particularly through Senate Bill 4 (SB4) and Senate Joint Resolution 2 (SJR2). Chairman Bettencourt and other committee members expressed strong support for increasing the homestead exemption to $140,000, emphasizing the necessity of this adjustment in light of a multi-billion dollar revenue surplus. Public testimonies revealed a mix of support and opposition, highlighting the complexities of local government spending and its impact on tax relief effectiveness. Witnesses articulated concerns about rising property taxes and urged the committee to consider systemic reforms to enhance the efficacy of tax relief initiatives.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Although I'm from Webb County, a neighboring county
The county I represent in the Valley, Starr County,
- that most need to participate, like Harris County and like Travis County, do not participate in the
- , then the other county.
- or another county.
Bills:
SJR1, SB9, SB40, SJR36, SJR1, SJR5, SB9, SB40, SJR1, SB9, SB40, SR62, SR92, SR95, SR108, SR110, SR111, SR113, SR114, SR117, SR120, SB314, SB314
Keywords:
bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment, law enforcement, bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunctive relief, taxpayer rights, bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate addressed significant legislative changes regarding bail procedures and the use of public funds in bail payments. Notably, the committee reviewed SB9 and SB40, both aimed at tightening regulations surrounding bail bonds and enhancing public safety. Senator Huffman presented an amendment to SB9 that allows judges to reassess bail after indictments, especially in cases of violent offenders, reiterating the need for strict bail practices to protect victims and communities. Additionally, SB40 introduces restrictions on the use of public funds by local governments to cover bail for defendants, addressing public concerns over the transparency and safety implications of such practices.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part I) Mar 24th, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Therefore, local government...
- Counties of over a million. What counties would those be? Well, let's start at the top.
- Harris County. Dallas County. My county. Bexar County.
- Oh, Tarrant County is there.
- as opposed to like a random sampling of all the counties?
Keywords:
ad valorem taxation, tax exemption, franchise tax credit, income production, personal property, fireworks, retail sales, regulation, public safety, holidays, municipal management, continuation elections, districts, debt management, voter approval, charter amendment, home-rule municipality, local government, petition requirements, voter approval
Summary:
The committee meeting focused primarily on the discussion of various bills aimed at addressing key issues related to housing development and youth tobacco use. Notably, SB1882 was brought to the floor by Senator Betancourt, which aims to reassess the regulations surrounding moratoriums on residential and commercial property development. Several industry representatives testified in favor of the bill, emphasizing the necessity of increased transparency and more robust guidelines for imposing moratoriums. The discussions highlighted the economic impact that open-ended moratoriums can have on local builders and potential homeowners, urging the need for legislative changes to protect development rights and housing availability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 2nd, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- : one J.P. from the county and one constable.
- Stakeholders were concerned that the security committee, as defined as a government body, and the county
- It's a pretty interesting case out of Cook County, one of my counties, that has to do with intoxicating
- I'm an Assistant District Attorney in Chambers County.
- These people could be filing lawsuits in different counties.
Bills:
HB1181, HB3704, HB1363, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB3223, HB1317, HB2884, HB2176, HB4027, HB1664, HB933, HB2613, HB3353, HB2086, HB4101, HB3441, HB4145, HB3455
Keywords:
judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, criminal procedure, inquest, justice of the peace, medical examiner, family violence, autopsy, law enforcement, death investigation, water
Summary:
The committee meeting encompassed a wide range of discussions focusing heavily on various bills aimed at enhancing community safety and legal procedures. Notably, House Bill 2176 was introduced by Chairman Harless as a cleanup bill that seeks to improve courtroom safety. This drew significant attention as witnesses, including Holly Williamson from the Justices of the Peace and Constables Association, testified regarding the alarming increase in security incidents reported in Texas courts, emphasizing the need for reinforced court security measures. The concerns raised about the safety of judges, court personnel, and the public during court proceedings highlighted the gravity of the situation and the necessity for legislative action.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...County is also added as a county that would qualify if it
- ...And Bell County is one of those counties.
- In fact, no county in Texas is more disproportionately impacted than Bell County.
- My county has been made...
- One government controlling dollars and another government controlling precious metals.
Keywords:
severance tax, oil, gas, restimulation wells, tax exemption, civil penalty, hydrocarbons, Texas Railroad Commission, higher education, funding, financial allocation, state budget, Texas A&M University, University of Houston, education funding, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions
Summary:
The meeting covered multiple bills, primarily focusing on House Bill 2802, which relates to the Austin Firefighter Retirement Fund Pension, and House Bill 1056 regarding the establishment of gold and silver as legal tender in Texas. Senator Schwartner introduced several committee substitutes aimed at improving provisions in these bills, with the committee discussing amendments and seeking public testimony on the implications of these changes. Notably, the discussion highlighted varying perspectives on the use of gold as a currency and its constitutional implications, eliciting significant public and legislative engagement.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session May 19th, 2025 at 10:05 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Under the government code, 25 counties have different qualifications
- So in counties with populations over 200,000, magistrates appointed under Chapter 54 of the Government
- It's not just Harris County. I think Travis County's been a problem, Dallas County to some extent.
- our folks out of county.
- in large counties.
Bills:
SB664, SB40, SB9, SJR1, SJR5, SB27, SB207, SB2938, SB1901, SB1227, SB1248, SB912, SB1321, SB2143, SB2145, SB1497, SB1239, SB2180, SB1388, SB1762, SB1662, SB1951, SB1537, SB493, SB378, SB1020, SB1018, SB992, SB958, SB920, SB1350, SCR25, SB687, SB1332, SB2185, SB552, SB664, SB40, SB9, SJR1, SJR5, SB458, SB482, SB927, SB984, SB651, SB1620, SB2124, SB2448, SB841, SB843, SB402, SB2662, SB2053, SB2332, SB2112, SB745, SB1247, SB1789, SB27, SB207, SB2938, SB1901, SB1227, SB1248, SB912, SB1321, SB2143, SB2145, SB1497, SB1239, SB2180, SB1388, SB1762, SB1662, SB1951, SB1537, SB493, SB378, SB1020, SB1018, SB992, SB958, SB920, SB1350, HCR76, HCR127, HCR9, HCR40, HCR118, HR559, HCR59, HCR135, HCR141, HCR46, HCR109, HCR10, SCR25, HB2525, HB142, HB140, HB29, HB451, HB3809, HB3307, HB1130, HJR1, HB9, SB17, SB260, SB509, SB1506, SB1637, SB2308
Keywords:
bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunctive relief, taxpayer rights, bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment, law enforcement, bail, felony offenses, criminal justice reform, public safety
Summary:
The committee's meeting was marked by several key discussions surrounding numerous bills and resolutions. Notably, HCR 9 and HCR 40 were adopted, with representatives urging Congress for reimbursement related to border security under Operation Lone Star. Additionally, HCR 118 showed expressions of support for the warship manufacturing industry, reflecting a strong emphasis on local economic development. Senate Bills 1321, 2143, and 2145 passed various readings, which included provisions regarding law enforcement authority and the adaptability of public improvement districts to conduct meetings virtually. The meeting was well attended and featured numerous votes on significant legislative items, showcasing active participation from both members and the public.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- counties.
- its Veterans County Service Officer is not in compliance with the Texas Government Code, which requires
- that in a county of over 200,000 or more, the Commissioner's Court shall...
- decides to appoint a designee, it needs to be a county executive official.
- This match varies based on county population, with counties
Keywords:
mental health, veterans, community support, grant program, family assistance, veterans affairs, mental health services, Senate Bill 897, Senate Bill 1818, temporary licensing, public testimony, military families, Texas legislature
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Veteran Affairs convened to discuss several significant bills aimed at enhancing support for veterans in Texas. The primary focus was on Senate Bill 897, which aims to adjust the funding match requirement for mental health services for veterans. There was substantial public testimony in favor of this bill, as many speakers highlighted the financial burden that large counties face under the current requirements. These discussions underscored the necessity of providing adequate mental health resources to veterans, emphasizing the challenges they encounter in accessing such services. Another notable bill, Senate Bill 1818, introduced provisions for temporary licensing for military spouses, ensuring they can continue their professional pursuits while transitioning to Texas. Testimony supporting this bill was also positive, showing a strong consensus on the need to ease professional transitions for military families.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- To your question on the loss to local governments, we do see levy loss to cities, counties, and special
- My county has a thousand linear miles of county roadway and covers 965 square miles, so it's a large
- rural county with 30,000 people.
- For the county, it's 20%, so if you have a $500,000 home in Cass County, you're going to get a $100,000
- exemption for the county.
Keywords:
ad valorem taxation, intangible property, tax exemption, property tax reform, economic implications, tax relief, small business, property tax, legislation, economic conditions, stakeholder testimony
Summary:
The meeting focused on discussions surrounding bills HB9 and HCR1, aimed at providing tax relief and addressing disparities between residential and commercial taxpayers. Members expressed concerns over the rising property taxes and the burden small businesses have faced, particularly due to recent economic conditions. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Oil and Gas Association and the Texas Association of Manufacturers, emphasized the need for equitable tax policies that would benefit all taxpayers. The committee was engaged in vibrant discussions, evaluating the implications and potential benefits of the proposed legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Congressional Redistricting, Select Aug 1st, 2025 at 10:08 am
Transcript Highlights:
- Travis County, Polk County, Trinity, or Houston County?
- out through Rockwall County, through Collin County, and then captures Rains and Upshur counties out
- I'm the McLennan County judge. In McLennan County, Waco is our county seat.
- When you have to know the standards of multiple government agencies, multiple counties, multiple cities
- The only area out there was just one county, Lubbock County.
Keywords:
redistricting, HB4, congressional maps, public testimony, demographics, transparency, representation
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on congressional redistricting, centering around the discussion of HB4, a bill that aims to revise the congressional map based on population shifts and other demographic factors. Notable was Vice Chair Rosenthal's critique of the process and the lack of transparency regarding the bill's plans which he characterized as a 'rigged matter'. Multiple public hearings were conducted prior to this meeting, allowing citizens to register opinions about the congressional lines, and numerous testimonies were presented both for and against the proposed changes in the districts. The testimony revealed significant concern over how the redistricting could impact various communities and representations moving forward.
Discussions included the implications of changing demographics, and members addressed how the modifications aimed to promote fair representation while considering historical voting patterns. As the committee adjourned, there were hints of continued deliberation on the matter with members expressing intention to finalize the bill in a subsequent session. The meeting demonstrated the committee's commitment to addressing public sentiment and legislative responsibility regarding district boundaries.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- , "Often many of my fellow county judges, especially in rural counties, cannot express enough how detrimental
- this legislation would be to our counties and our citizens."
- Indeed, the priority of county government and its lobbying effort is focused on ending the state and
- judges, "Do you find value in the Texas Association of Counties?"
- Opposition actually makes our governing stronger, not weaker.
Keywords:
hemp regulation, consumable products, cannabinoids, occupational licenses, criminal offenses, lobbying, public funds, political subdivisions, government accountability, transparency, taxpayer-funded lobbying, election integrity, SB11, SB12, hemp-derived THC, community advocacy, transparency, local control
Summary:
The committee meeting held a vigorous debate primarily concerning Senate Bills 11, 12, and 5, each addressing significant legislative issues including taxpayer-funded lobbying, election integrity, and the regulation of hemp-derived THC products. Proponents of SB12 defended it as necessary for transparency and fiscal responsibility, emphasizing the suppression of taxpayer-funded lobbying as a means to protect taxpayer interests. In contrast, opponents raised concerns that the bill would silence local government voices and hinder advocacy from smaller communities, arguing that it undermines local control and representation in the legislative process. Throughout the discussions, key testimonies illustrated the political divides over these legislative priorities, generating significant public interest and engagement.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- , not Harris County.
- In my county, not a single one of these contracts has ever been denied.
- And it's Harris County today, members.
- but it could be your county tomorrow.
- by the state government.
Keywords:
real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, restitution, elderly protection, disabled individuals, property tax exemption, title fraud, recording requirements, real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, elderly protection, disability rights, recording requirements, restitution, disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants
Summary:
The meeting featured extensive discussions centered on several legislative bills, particularly focusing on House Bill 8, which aims to reform public school accountability and testing methods in Texas. The bill's sponsor passionately argued for its transformative potential, highlighting the replacement of the STAAR test with shorter, more frequent assessments to better measure student performance. Amendments were proposed to restore social studies testing, emphasizing the importance of history in Texas education. The bill ultimately passed with a vote of 21 ayes and 5 nays, showcasing strong support among the members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 18th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm in Montgomery County, whether I'm in Comal County, whether I'm...
- The county that you cited, the county of the study?
- believe Denton County, Tarrant County, Harris County, Travis County, and probably a number of other
- and Harris County.
- County, Representative RodrÃguez Ramos and Bowers, El Paso County, and Kerr County, Representative Virdell
Keywords:
family violence, global positioning monitoring system, victim resources, electronic monitoring, protective orders, magistrate, criminal procedure, probable cause, written findings, law enforcement, child endangerment, controlled substances, penalty group, elderly protection, disabled individual rights, education, funding, school district, school choice, students
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around a range of bills, with significant focus on public safety and welfare issues. Discussions highlighted the implications of HB166, which aims to enhance protections for vulnerable populations against the dangers of fentanyl exposure. Witness testimonies were presented both in support and opposition to the legislation. Representative Capriglione underscored the urgency of addressing this growing concern, as fentanyl's potency poses a lethal risk, particularly to children, elderly individuals, and disabled individuals. The session included a robust debate on how best to enforce these legal protections while balancing concerns about enforcement complexities.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- No one's asking the government to...
- Even when a county can get enough jurors, Even when a county
- counties to backfill their jury pools.
- I'm the Constable of Loving County.
- counties that are contiguous to and in the same judicial...
Keywords:
grand jury, jury qualifications, jury wheel, small counties, Texas legislation, age verification, obscene devices, online sales, juvenile protection, penalties, antitrust, attorney general, Texas Free Enterprise, business regulations, legal confidentiality, personal identifying information, data brokers, judicial safety, civil rights, data privacy
Summary:
The committee meeting featured extensive discussions focused on time legislation, including HB1393 and SB692. The primary subject was the proposal to adopt permanent daylight saving time, which sparked diverse opinions from committee members and witnesses. Supporters like Erica Boyd, President and CEO of the Texas Travel Alliance, advocated for the benefits of extended daylight for outdoor activities and tourism, while others expressed health concerns and the disruption that early darkness in winter months could cause to families. Testimony revealed a split in public sentiment, further complicating the legislative decision-making process. Additional bills, such as SB2943 regarding religious freedom protections for occupational licenses, also received attention, showcasing the breadth of topics covered in this meeting.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation May 19th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The U.S. government is very persuasive.
- We're not trying to protect Grayson County.
- First, I'd like to do a little history of Grayson County.
- or it's some other county in Texas.
- We have no zoning regulations in the county.
Keywords:
rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, environmental regulation, SB2203, SB1898, PFAS, semiconductor industry, aggregate production, public testimony, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Summary:
The Committee on Environmental Regulation convened to discuss several bills relating to environmental issues and industry regulations. Notable discussions revolved around SB2203, which focuses on the certification of discovery issues related to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and SB1898, which addresses the regulation of PFAS or 'forever chemicals.' The committee heard testimony from various stakeholders, including representatives from the semiconductor industry and environmental advocates, particularly regarding concerns over the impact of aggregate production on local ecosystems and industries. The meeting highlighted the need for careful consideration of regulations that balance industrial growth with environmental protection.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- to county.
- under Local Government Code chapters 54, 211, and 212.
- couldn't, even though the county is regulating more cities.
- But you've agreed to work with me to include the entire county, absolutely.
- Harvard in that county.
Bills:
HB346, HB1360, HB1510, HB1606, HB1804, HB1805, HB2156, HB2391, HB2767, HB3022, HB3044, HB3272, HB3293, HB3493, HB3809, HB3824, HJR110, HB2463
Keywords:
expedited service, business records, veteran-owned businesses, franchise tax, fee schedule, Texas Ethics Commission, election reporting, campaign finance, violation categorization, penalties, public disclosure, ethics, transparency, political subdivisions, administrative penalties, compliance, religious freedom, commission, government, advocacy
Summary:
The meeting of the State Affairs Committee convened to discuss House Bill 1606, focusing on public safety and communication regarding vegetation management near power lines. Representative Metcalf presented the bill, highlighting concerns raised by constituents about overgrown vegetation posing risks such as power outages and fire hazards. The bill aims to mandate electric utilities to provide customers with information on how to request vegetation management, thereby enhancing public awareness and safety without imposing new regulations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 12th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="22" data-time="126"> Church in Dallas, sponsored by the Honorable Rafael Anchia of Dallas County
- >
The chair recognizes the Honorable Don McLaughlin of Uvalde County
- , referred to the Subcommittee on County and Regional Government.
- by Oliverson relates to the authority of the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District in North Harris County
- in certain counties, referred to the Committee on Transportation.
Summary:
The meeting of the committee addressed a broad range of topics with significant attention paid to HB1554 and HB1569. HB1554, presented by Caprigliano, involved discussions on the authority of political subdivisions to utilize public funds for legal services for unlawfully present individuals, which stirred a debate among committee members regarding state resources and responsibilities. In contrast, HB1569, which concerns prohibitive measures on non-consensual medical procedures for minors with intersex traits, generated compelling testimony from advocacy groups and health professionals, stressing the bill’s implications on patient rights and medical ethics. Overall, the committee dedicated time to hearing from both proponents and opponents of these bills, ensuring a thorough examination of the issues at hand.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- He was an icon in Bastrop County.
- I'm the District Attorney in Montgomery County, Texas.
- Williamson County had this archaic policy called a closed-file policy.
- County.
- Yeah, the D.A. for Williamson County at that time lost his license.
Bills:
SB552, SB1099, SB1124, SB1208, SB1372, SB1506, SB1667, SB1804, SB1806, SB1870, SB1936, SB1937, SB2180, SB2405, SB2569, SB2570, SB1646
Keywords:
community supervision, criminal justice, illegal alien, deferred adjudication, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, criminal procedure, discovery, defendant rights, evidence disclosure, justice system, crime laboratory, access, defense counsel, criminal proceedings, discovery, parole reform, inmate release, Board of Pardons and Paroles, recidivism, criminal justice
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice covered several significant legislative proposals aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the Texas criminal justice system. Lead discussions focused on SB2405, which received attention for its comprehensive approach towards modernizing the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) and addressing recommendations made by the Sunset Advisory Commission. The bill includes provisions for enhanced staff planning and updated rehabilitation programs that are expected to yield substantial cost savings while promoting public safety. Senators engaged actively, expressing their support and raising questions about the implications of the proposed changes, especially concerning parole processes and facility management.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 2nd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- , toll roads, et cetera, government-type work.
- or local government entity or department.
- , because you can do it cheaper than the government, well, if the government chooses to do that, maybe
- I am the presiding judge of County Court at Law No. 6 here in Travis County, Texas.
- Today, the law governing many special districts...
Bills:
HB1181, HB3704, HB1363, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB3223, HB1317, HB2884, HB2176, HB4027, HB1664, HB933, HB2613, HB3353, HB2086, HB4101, HB3441, HB4145, HB3455
Keywords:
judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, criminal procedure, inquest, justice of the peace, medical examiner, family violence, autopsy, law enforcement, death investigation, water
Summary:
The Committee on Judiciary and Civil Justice held a meeting focusing on several legislative bills that address implicit bias in the judicial system. A major highlight was House Bill 1363, which seeks to implement mandatory bias training for judges to ensure fairer judicial outcomes and enhance public trust in the system. This discussion included testimony from various stakeholders who articulated the significance of addressing unconscious biases that could affect judicial decisions. There was considerable debate about the effectiveness and required duration of the training, with suggestions for extending the training frequency from two years to annually to ensure continual awareness and education amongst judges.