Bills: HB2, HB6, HB18, HB43, HB138, HB180, HB300, HB581, HB647, HB748, HB762, HB1240, HB1393, HB1397, HB1584, HB1734, HB2011, HB2254, HB2286, HB2434, HB2467, HB2468, HB2495, HB2516, HB2518, HB2529, HB2564, HB2712, HB2713, HB2715, HB2765, HB2898, HB3146, HB3161, HB3348, HB3800, HB4044, HB4341, HB4370, HB4384, HB4386, HB4396, HB4490, HB4809, HB5057, HB5323, HB5534, HB5668, SB203, SB317, SB719, SB731, SB801, SB867, SB1071, SB1232, SB1798, SB2082, SB2363, SB2603, SB2607, SB2717, SB2797, SB2841, SB2919, SB3038, SJR5, SB4, SB9, SB21, SB23, SB27, SB34, SB40, SB75, SB213, SB458, SB482, SB493, SB647, SB648, SB840, SB841, SB843, SB912, SB1241, SB1253, SB1350, SB1388, SB1423, SB1535, SB1559, SB1709, SB1789, SB1951, SB2037, SB2143, SB2155, SB2544, SB1, SB17, SB260, SB509, SB1506, SB1637, SB1833, SB2308, HB2525, HJR133, HB1393, HB26, HB388, HB2712, HB1633, HB685, HB2286, HB1606, HB1458, HB1240, HB2791, HB3146, HB1397, HB2061, HB647, HB4738, HB2563, HB128, HB581, HB766, HB2259, HB2358, HB4384, HB748, HB1734, HB5180, HB3806, HB3804, HB3803, HB1522, HB3597, HB1612, HB4224, HB1314, HB1237, HB3126, HB2856, HB3114, HB3505, HB5652, HB2025, HB3395, HB2495, HB18, HB2516, HB2713, HB24, HB519, HB609, HB1592, HB3348, HB120, HB6, HB1533, HB2421, HB2273, HB2464, HB2011, HB5057, HB5084, HB5534, HB5668, HB3424, HB2715, HB2564, HB2765, HB2898, HB3800, HB4396, HB4341, HB43, HB5686, HB2467, HB2468, HB2518, HB4310, HB4386, HB4490, HB180, HB5323, HB2, HB149, HB4945, HB2434, HB2529, HB3161, HB3745, HB4044, HB5155, HB5667, HB4996, HB2697, HB2492, HB2355, HB2282, HB2001, HB1902, HB1866, HB1445, HB1443, HB1306, HB1024, HB908, HB305, HB285, HB449, HB171, HB47, HB3464, HB2637, HB4263, HB5436, HB4429, HB3986, HB3966, HB3510, HB2560, HB2026, HB2688, HB4076, HB5246, HB3487, HB3486, HB4226, HB216, HB742, HB2402, HB143, HB5033, HB4413, HB4042, HB2440, HB4426, HB49, HB4112, HB3233, HB2310, HB5515, HB3627, HB2674, HB322, HB1481, HB126, HB3062, HB3421, HB3180, HB2530, HB2524, HB1916, HB3153, HB5650, HB4894, HB3120, HB1629, HB103, HB3234, HB3680, HB5698, HB3171, HB5693, HB2694, HB5664, HB3732, HB2508, HB2293, HB1991, HB2014, HB5331, HB5247, HB4751, HB4690, HB4668, HB4464, HB4395, HB4063, HB3833, HB3623, HB3214, HB3512, HB3250, HB3016, HB2520, HB2221, HB2213, HB3824, HB2067, HB1732, HB1562, HB700, HB1545, HB252, HB146, HB5596, HB1851, HB3619, HB3071, HB3556, HB851, HB4230, HB5320, HB5651, HB5670, HB5665, HB5437, HB5679, HB5699, HB5661, HB5662, HB5654, HB5672, HB5656, HCR141, HCR118, HCR127, HCR40, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SCR12, SCR39, SB2023, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB1200, SB1845, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB1640, SB1449, SB1181, SB1234, SB2926, SB2841, SB1528, SB1854, SB317, SB1250, SB2082, SB1237, SB2819, SB629, SB2608, SB1602, SB2009, SB867, SB640, SB1698, SB2680, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB2334, SB1367, SB2044, SB2363, SB2565, SB1888, SB3036, SB3057, SB3043, SB3063, SB3035, SB203, SB2688, SB2522, SB2459, SB2655, SB2251, SB1884, SB2928, SB2566, SB1749, SB2549, SB2553, SB2919, SB1944, SB1232, SB1798, SB2603, SB2607, SB2683, SB1319, SB3038, SB3045, SB1538, SB3071, SB3065, SB823, SB3062, SB3074, SB1380, HB6, HB581, HB1393, HB1734, HB2286, HB2467, HB2468, HB2495, HB2529, HB2564, HB2765, HB2898, HB3146, HB3348, HB3800, HB4341, HB4386, HB4490, HB5057, HB5323, HB5534, HB5668, HB2, HB2715, SR530, SR552, SB482, SB493, SB841, SB912, SB1241, SB1350, SB1388, SB1559, SB1951, SB2143, SB2155, HB205, HB220, HB561, HB2078, HB2300, HB2652, HB3335, HB3441, HB4212, HB4879, HB5228, HB5616, HB205, HB220, HB561, HB2078, HB2300, HB2652, HB3335, HB3441, HB4212, HB4879, HB5228, HB5616

Keywords: public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, behavioral interventions, rural health, hospital funding, healthcare access, mental health services

Summary: The meeting was marked by significant discussions focused on several educational bills, particularly HB2 and its committee substitute. Senator Creighton highlighted the newly negotiated allotments for basic costs in public education, addressing challenges districts face such as transportation and insurance expenses. The amendment discussions were vibrant, including debates on the changes made to accommodate rural school districts and their unique challenges. Senator Menendez advocated for increased support for bilingual education, indicating the critical need for structural consistency across Texas schools. Overall, the members expressed a commitment to tackling school finance reform and ensuring all students have qualified teachers by 2030.

Transcript Highlights:

• Wars and unrest in other countries affect our security and put our supply...
• who are in need of a maximum security unit spot, where are
• For our non-maximum security unit, people are waiting an average of 189 days for a ... maximum of ...
• In the security unit, folks are waiting an average of 233
• In our case, we had some employees who changed PIN numbers and looked at social security.

Keywords: budget, House Bill 1, public education, healthcare, border security, federal funding, spending limits

Summary: The meeting primarily focused on reviewing the proposed budget for the upcoming biennium, with substantial discussions around House Bill 1 and its implications for public education, healthcare, and border security. The Comptroller presented a revenue overview indicating a total of $194.6 billion available for general purpose spending, which reflects a slight decrease compared to previous years due to fluctuating economic conditions. Members raised questions regarding spending limits and the impact of federal funding on state programs, highlighting concerns about the sustainability of funding in light of potential changes at the federal level.

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Committee on Border Security will come to order.
• Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Border Patrol, and Texas DPS.
• There have been attempts to try to connect, call it the grid of overweight corridors in South Texas,
• So, without members, the Committee on Border Security will stand in recess.
• So without objection, the Committee on Border Security will stand in recess.

Bills: SB2199, SB2200, SB2201, SB2949, SB2332

Keywords: SB2949, border security, fuel transportation, hazardous materials, criminal activity, environmental risks, public safety

Summary: The Senate Committee on Border Security convened to discuss SB2949, focusing on the regulation of transportation for motor fuels and hazardous materials. Chairman Birdwell highlighted the urgent need for oversight due to recent increases in fuel-related crimes along the Texas-Mexico border, including theft, illegal documentation, and the operation of unregulated fuel depots. The committee received testimony from several experts, including representatives from the Comptroller's office and law enforcement, who elaborated on the environmental and safety risks posed by the current unregulated fuel transport practices. The discussion centered around how SB2949 aims to tighten regulations and enhance penalties for illegal hauling activities to safeguard public safety and compliance with state laws.

Transcript Highlights:

• So we know what he thinks about Social Security.
• So we know what he thinks about Social Security.
• and their earned Social Security benefits.
• Overwhelmingly, Americans support Social Security.
• So we know what he thinks about Social Security.

Keywords: Frank Bisignano, Social Security Administration, Doge, nomination, committee, customer service, staffing issues, Senate

Summary: The meeting of the Finance Committee primarily focused on the nomination of Frank Bisignano for Commissioner of the Social Security Administration. Members discussed the nominee's qualifications extensively, raising concerns about his past connections to Doge and the implications for Social Security. Several Senators expressed doubts about Bisignano's ability to improve the existing issues faced by the Social Security Administration, particularly related to staffing, customer service, and the potential for service cuts that could ultimately harm beneficiaries. The atmosphere was contentious, with divisive opinions visible among the committee members as they scrutinized Bisignano's past dealings and strategies.

Transcript Highlights:

• At the White House, General Cain wrote early homeland security strategies.
• That platform is not a hardened and secure platform. That platform is...
• encrypted but not secure.
• I believe in the definition of the term secure.
• President Trump took away his security detail, his security clearance.

Keywords: national security, military readiness, Kane nomination, defense budget, China threats, Russia, collaboration, modernization

Summary: The meeting centered on the nomination of retired Lieutenant General Dan Kane for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, delving into various security concerns and the strategic environment facing the U.S. today. Testimonies highlighted the growing threats from adversaries such as China and Russia, with discussions around the necessity of maintaining and modernizing military capabilities to address these challenges. The need for agility in military operations and enhancing collaboration among various defense agencies was underscored. Further, concerns were raised regarding the defense budget and the importance of a strong national defense strategy were prevalent throughout the discussions. The committee members collectively emphasized the need for superior readiness and modernization to keep pace with global threats.

Transcript Highlights:

• and procedures related to proceedings in the judicial branch of state government, including court security

Bills: SB8

Keywords: SB10, SB16, trafficking, judicial procedures, affirmative defense, victim support, court security, judicial reform

Summary: The meeting involved discussions on two significant bills, SB10 and SB16, pertaining to victims of trafficking and judicial procedures respectively. SB10 focused on establishing an affirmative defense for certain victims of trafficking and prostitution, igniting discussions regarding the support mechanisms in place for these individuals. Meanwhile, SB16 addressed the operational procedures within the judicial branch, including court security and documentation practices, sparking considerations on the efficiency and transparency of judicial processes. The committee members voiced the need for comprehensive discussions on the implications of these bills on state governance and public welfare. Attendance was notable with robust participation from various stakeholders, including lawmakers and advocacy groups. The dialogue was largely constructive, with many members expressing their commitment to improving the state's legal framework to better support vulnerable populations and streamline judicial functions. This meeting set a precedent for future engagements, indicating an ongoing legislative focus on both victim rights and judicial reform.

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Committee on Border Security will now come to order.

• data-time="38">Members, if you know of the business, come before the Senate Committee on Border Security

Keywords: Senate Committee, Border Security, House Bill 180, Representative Guillen, Senator Birdwell, legislation, committee report

Summary: The Senate Committee on Border Security convened to discuss House Bill 180, sponsored by Senator Birdwell and originally proposed by Representative Guillen. The committee successfully established a quorum and moved forward with the reporting of HB180, which received a favorable recommendation for passage. A roll call vote was conducted, resulting in four affirmative votes and one dissenting vote against the bill. The meeting concluded with the announcement that the bill would be favorably reported to the Senate floor for further consideration. Members of the committee demonstrated strong support for the legislation, highlighting its importance.

Transcript Highlights:

• Scott Papano has been nominated to be Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security
• " data-time="1104">The position has a wide scope of responsibilities, from ensuring supply chain security
• , nuclear forces, and supporting infrastructure is a critical national security priority.
• This is a disaster for competition and a disaster for data security. Data on the location of our...
• , Nuclear Security Administration.

Keywords: defense industrial base, small business, workforce development, acquisition processes, national security, cybersecurity, critical minerals

Summary: The meeting of the committee revolved around critical discussions on enhancing the defense industrial base, focusing on small business engagement and the importance of streamlined processes in defense contracting. There was a significant emphasis on the need for more investment in the defense manufacturing sector, particularly in the face of competition from countries like China. Some members expressed frustration over the treatment of small businesses, citing barriers that prevent these innovative companies from effectively participating in defense contracts. The need for a workforce capable of meeting the common challenges posed by evolving technologies and geopolitical threats was also highlighted throughout the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• security on issues of election administration and security
• We put great effort and thought into the physical security as well as the cyber security of these devices
• security on issues of election administration and security
• The more we can do to keep Texas election officials ahead of the curve on security, the more secure our
• We put great effort and great thought into the physical security as well as the cyber security of these

Keywords: election integrity, Senate Bill 924, polling locations, worker recruitment, election security, 2024 elections, voter confidence

Summary: The House Committee on Elections convened a session to evaluate recent legislative changes and their implications on the electoral process. A key focus was on enhancing election integrity and procedures, including discussions about Senate Bill 924, which aims to address challenges related to polling locations and worker recruitment in Texas counties. Various members acknowledged the crucial role local election officials play in implementing reforms and managing elections amidst growing scrutiny and challenges such as natural disasters and security threats. The session highlighted the resilience and coordination efforts of election officials across the state.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Senate Committee on Border Security will now come to

• Our national security begins at our borders.

• detect, identify, and if necessary, neutralize these drones to ensure we have a 24-hour safe and secure
• with Mexican authorities can improve our border security measures and enhance coordination.
• Hearing and seeing none, the Committee on Border Security stands in recess subject to the call of the

Bills: HCR98, HB180

Keywords: border security, HCR98, HB180, drones, intergovernmental cooperation, counter-unmanned aircraft systems, drug trafficking, human trafficking

Summary: The Senate Committee on Border Security convened to discuss key resolutions aimed at enhancing border security measures. Notable discussions centered around HCR98, which urges Congress to bolster intergovernmental cooperation in deploying counter-unmanned aircraft systems to address unauthorized drone activities at the border. Committee members expressed the urgency of establishing operational protocols for detecting and neutralizing drones that threaten national security. Additionally, HB180 was presented, focusing on elevating state-level cooperation with Mexican authorities to better manage cross-border challenges like drug and human trafficking. There were no public testimonies for either bill; however, HCR98 was reported favorably to the full Senate following a brief voting process.

Transcript Highlights:

• grid.
• grid under federal jurisdiction.
• I think there are some grid connections occurring currently.
• Jaron Taylor on behalf of Encore Electric Delivery. We're testifying on the bill.
• It also produces job security.

Bills: SB324, SB1978, SB2139, SB2401, SB2587, SB2610, SB2858, SB3016

Keywords: E-verify, employment verification, state contracts, immigration, labor compliance, Sunset Review, government accountability, Texas Lottery Commission, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Ethics Commission, government agencies, regulatory review, regulatory consistency, enforcement, local government compliance, cybersecurity, business protections, public testimony

Summary: The meeting of the Senate Committee on Business and Commerce centered around critical legislation including SB2858, SB324, and several others pertaining to regulatory consistency and enforcement in local governments. Notably, SB2858 was introduced to address the apparent noncompliance of some cities with state laws by empowering the Attorney General to enforce regulations more effectively. The members deliberated on the implications of this bill, with public testimony highlighting the need for stronger measures against local governments that ignore state mandates. Aside from regulatory discussions, SB2610 was well-received as it aimed to provide cybersecurity protections for small to medium-sized businesses, encouraging compliance with industry standards while simultaneously minimizing potential legal repercussions for companies against data breaches. The committee aimed to strike a balance between ensuring business security and avoiding undue burden on smaller enterprises.

Transcript Highlights:

• At DPS, we take Homeland Security very seriously.
• Department of Homeland Security.
• Obviously, border security is on everyone's radar.
• and border security.
• Martin in his role as the Homeland Security Advisor.

Keywords: border security, SB4, illegal immigration, Operation Lone Star, Texas Department of Public Safety, Attorney General, testimony

Summary: The meeting of the Homeland Security, Public Safety, and Veterans Affairs Committee fostered extensive discussions primarily focused on the ongoing border security issues. Members of the committee, chaired by Rep. Huffman, emphasized the shifting strategies under the new federal administration and highlighted the successful implementation of SB4, which seeks to curb illegal entry into Texas. Notably, the Attorney General's Office reported a 54% decrease in illegal crossings over the past year, signaling a change in the migration trends impacting Texas, largely due to new state and federal cooperation efforts. Additionally, the committee discussed the development of Operation Lone Star, which is now a statewide initiative aimed at addressing the challenges posed by illegal immigration and crime associated with it.

Transcript Highlights:

• Our borders must be secured.
• Border security is national security. 9-11 made that very
• and national security constantly grew.
• So I started earlier with my introduction that border security is a team sport.
• When we met in my office, we agreed that we must have a secure border.

Keywords: Customs and Border Protection, Rodney Scott, border security, asylum, transparency, Hernandez Rojas, migrant treatment, public testimony

Summary: The meeting centered on the nomination of Rodney Scott to serve as the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Throughout the session, various senators expressed concerns regarding CBP's recent practices, including issues related to border security and the treatment of migrants. Questions were raised about Scott's involvement in previous incidents, particularly surrounding the controversial death of Mr. Hernandez Rojas while in custody, which sparked a heated discussion about accountability and transparency in current border policies. Senators emphasized the importance of balancing efficient border security with humane treatment of individuals seeking asylum.

Transcript Highlights:

• But what do you see as the overall most critical thing for us to secure?
• Not just security. We can be helping some absolutely. Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
• It's a valuable tool that they have in a transparent and secure way.
• It's not discussing mortgage-backed securities or derivative instruments like that.
• vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, more commonly known as a flying electric taxi.

Keywords: school safety, border security, fentanyl trafficking, public testimony, legislative funding, mental health resources, Texas Senate, safety protocols

Summary: The meeting revolved around various critical discussions, primarily focusing on school safety and the challenges surrounding border security. Key testimonies highlighted the significant strides made in reducing illegal crossings but emphasized the need for continued vigilance against crime and drug trafficking, particularly fentanyl. Members expressed gratitude towards the Texas Senate's supportive role in funding for safety measures and strengthening resources to keep the state safe. Conversations also centered around the implementation of new safety protocols in schools, including the establishment of the Office of School Safety and Security, and how schools are addressing vulnerabilities identified from assessments. Furthermore, the importance of mental health resources was underscored as a complement to physical security improvements within educational institutions.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Senate Committee on Border Security will now come to order.

• I'm always happy to be back with border security.
• I'm excited to be on the Border Security Committee.
• It is a real threat to our nation's security to have an open border policy.
• here—our national security and our communities.

Keywords: Operation Lone Star, border security, Texas Military Department, drug smuggling, federal policy, apprehensions, public safety, human trafficking

Summary: The meeting of the Border Security Committee was marked by intensive discussions surrounding the ongoing initiatives related to Operation Lone Star. Members shared updates on border security measures, underscoring the significant operational changes resulting from shifts in federal policies. General Salter provided extensive insights into the deployment of state resources, highlighting the 5,000 active personnel engaged in various border control operations. The various strategies employed for enhancing surveillance and interdicting drug smuggling were also covered, emphasizing the importance of strong collaboration between state and federal agencies.

Transcript Highlights:

• span marker="25" data-time="144">Secondly, seed banks and seed conservation efforts bolster food security
• across the world grows by the second, it is crucial to have knowledge and tools to maintain food security

Bills: HB5085

Keywords: seed banks, food access, environment, biodiversity, agriculture policy, agriculture, seed banks, food security, biodiversity, local regulations, veterinary

Summary: The committee meeting focused on several agricultural bills, including HB5085, SB1035, and SB2155. Representative Hawkins opened the discussion regarding HB5085, emphasizing the importance of seed banks and preservation efforts for maintaining food security and biodiversity in light of environmental challenges. The bill was passed favorably with a vote of six to three after discussion on its potential impact on local agricultural practices. The meeting proceeded with SB1035, which aims to provide a legal pathway for agricultural operators to contest unlawful local regulations, where a committee substitute was successfully adopted. This bill received unanimous support in voting before moving on to SB2155, which seeks to modernize the structure of the Texas Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, also passed with unanimous support.

Transcript Highlights:

• The fentanyl crisis is not a partisan issue; it's a national security emergency.
• Do you feel the challenge of judicial security continues to grow in intensity?
• Canada is not a security threat to us in any way.
• The Marshals should be focused on judicial security, as you noted, Mr.
• One of the roles of the marshals is also to provide security for judges.

Keywords: fentanyl crisis, DEA, drug trafficking, public safety, Judea Serrata, Terrence Cole, judicial security, social media, drug prevention

Summary: The committee meeting centered on the urgent crisis of fentanyl abuse and the government’s response to the drug trafficking epidemic. Key discussions revolved around the nomination of Terrence Cole as the Administrator of the DEA and Judea Serrata as Director of the U.S. Marshals Service. Cole emphasized his commitment to combating the fentanyl crisis, highlighting the rising number of overdose deaths and the necessity of bipartisan efforts to dismantle drug cartels. Members engaged in dialogue on the effectiveness of various strategies and the importance of education aimed at preventing drug-related deaths among youth. Additionally, the challenges of social media in drug trafficking were highlighted, indicating a need for greater accountability in how platforms handle such issues. Senators voiced concerns about the impact of administration policies on judicial security and the resources available for marshals to perform their critical roles.

Keywords: national security, intelligence community, Aaron Lucas, Joe Kent, John Eisenberg, China threat, terrorism, collaboration, oversight, intelligence capabilities

Summary: The committee meeting centered around significant discussions regarding national security and intelligence community leadership. Notably, nominees Aaron Lucas for Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, Joe Kent for Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, and John Eisenberg for Assistant Attorney General for National Security were introduced. Concerns were raised about the current state of U.S. intelligence capabilities, particularly in relation to threats posed by foreign adversaries such as China and ongoing risks from terrorism. The dialogue emphasized the necessity for robust oversight and the importance of collaboration within the intelligence community, as well as with international allies, to ensure effective security measures are in place.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...has no plainclothes security.
• That was the only security he had.
• And you mentioned that security is the foundation of the U.S.-Japan alliance.
• Do we have to secure Mexico's compliance with the treaty?
• our national security.

Keywords: U.S. foreign policy, Mexico relations, Japan relations, border security, trade agreements, drug trafficking, ambassadorial nominations, intergovernmental communication

Summary: The meeting of the committee focused on critical discussions concerning U.S. foreign policy, particularly relationships with Mexico and Japan. Notable attention was given to border security, trade agreements, and implications of drug trafficking. Ambassadorial nominees discussed their strategies to strengthen ties with these nations, emphasizing the importance of cooperation in addressing mutual challenges, particularly concerning security and trade. The committee engaged in extensive dialogue, highlighting the urgency of improving intergovernmental communications to deter drug trafficking and support democratic governance.

Transcript Highlights:

• Feinberg would join the Department of Defense during the most dangerous security environment since World
• economics and national security. Mr.
• Deputy who combines cutting-edge private sector skills with a thorough understanding of U.S. national security
• The United States' greatest national security asset is not its ships, aircraft, weapons, or technology
• Our greatest national security asset is our economy and our people.

Keywords: Steven Feinberg, Deputy Secretary of Defense, national security, budget cuts, military readiness, global threats, Department of Defense

Summary: The meeting primarily focused on the nomination of Steven Feinberg as Deputy Secretary of Defense. The committee emphasized the urgent need for strong leadership in response to a complex array of global threats posed by adversarial coalitions, including China, Russia, and Iran. The discussions highlighted concerns regarding budget cuts and personnel reductions within the Department of Defense, showcasing the challenges posed by the current economic context and the pressing need to maintain military readiness and capabilities. Various members expressed their apprehensions about how impending layoffs and budget reductions would impact the defense workforce and national security.