Transcript Highlights:

• 4840 seeks to align municipal housing authority appointment practices with this more democratic standard
• be forced to take in and accept these vouchers because that will require them to provide quality standard
• ...property to a standard to where everyone should want to
• The same standard applies for every election.
• Current law exempts municipalities that meet and confer or have collective bargaining agreements from standard

Bills: HB164, HB411, HB627, HB1226, HB1677, HB1865, HB1997, HB2985, HB3462, HB4188, HB4685, HB4840, HB5370, HB5424, HB5466, HB5509, HB5660, HB5673

Keywords: migrant labor, housing regulations, civil penalties, complaints, occupants' rights, remediation, education, retaliation, housing, rental regulation, municipal authority, local government, leasing, housing regulation, local control, rental properties, municipal authority, leasing laws, housing, rental regulation

Summary: The meeting of the Intergovernmental Affairs Committee was focused on various housing-related bills, including HB411, which seeks to prevent discrimination against tenants based on their source of income, particularly targeting landlords who refuse Section 8 or other housing vouchers. Representative Rosenthal presented compelling arguments advocating for the bill, highlighting the discriminatory practices that disproportionately affect low-income families, including veterans. The discussion included public testimonies that underscored the vital need for housing reforms to provide a fair chance at stable housing for those relying on assistance programs.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill establishes standard criteria to be applied across
• We need that standard up, and it needs to be significant to cover those costs.
• In a second way, this balancing act can be seen in how the PUC would be required to establish the standards

Keywords: Senate Business Commerce Committee, SB842, SB372, SB262, PUC updates, Texas Energy Fund, transmission capacity, Permian Basin, energy applications, 345 kV, 765 kV

Summary: The meeting of the Senate Business Commerce Committee addressed multiple bills, notably focusing on SB842, SB372, and SB262. Chairman Schwartner facilitated discussions around the Texas Energy Fund, with updates provided by PUC Chairman Thomas Gleeson. Gleeson outlined the current status of the energy applications, highlighting that out of 72 applications, 17 had progressed. The committee also raised concerns regarding the need for additional transmission capacity, particularly in the Permian Basin, and discussed the implications of transitioning from 345 kV to 765 kV lines. Overall, the session was marked by a sense of urgency to finalize decisions by the approaching deadlines set for May 1st.

Transcript Highlights:

• Most significantly, this legislation applies important good governance standards that are routinely met
• requiring those who have already held licenses from other states with substantially similar licensing standards
• into and implement reciprocity agreements with other states whose requirements align with Texas standards

Bills: SB128, SB203, SB317, SB393, SB397, SB731, SB781, SB801, SB867, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1232, SB1262, SB1444, SB1483, SB1782, SB1798, SB1861, SB1897, SB1944, SB2023, SB2082, SB2215, SB2309, SB2497, SB2549, SB2566, SB2603, SB2607, SB2617, SB2688, SB2797, SB2799, SB2841, SB2891, SB2919, SB2928, SB2969, SB2994, SB3070, HB11, HB12, HB26, HB33, HB34, HB45, HB48, HB130, HB148, HB198, HB210, HB303, HB647, HB668, HB677, HB762, HB791, HB1022, HB1041, HB1188, HB1240, HB1242, HB1261, HB1318, HB1397, HB1465, HB1520, HB1535, HB1729, HB1778, HB1950, HB2003, HB2027, HB2029, HB2559, HB2596, HB2607, HB2692, HB2712, HB2742, HB2768, HB2775, HB2788, HB2802, HB2894, HB3474, HB3594, HB3611, HB3698, HB3699, HB3700, HB4187, HB4753, HB4804, HB4850, HB4885, HB5061, HB5238, HB5560, HCR90, SJR34, SB529, SB541, SB693, SB963, SB1173, SB1646, SB1734, SB1833, SB1968, SB2544, SB1, SB17, SB260, SB509, SB1506, SB1637, SB2308, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SCR12, SCR39, SB2023, SB128, SB2309, SB1861, SB2617, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB511, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB1200, SB1845, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB1640, SB1449, SB1181, SB1234, SB2926, SB2841, SB1528, SB2891, SB1854, SB317, SB1250, SB2082, SB1237, SB2819, SB629, SB2608, SB1602, SB2009, SB867, SB640, SB1698, SB2680, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB2334, SB1367, SB2044, SB2363, SB2565, SB1888, SB3036, SB3057, SB3043, SB3063, SB3035, SB203, SB2799, SB2688, SB2522, SB2459, SB2655, SB2251, SB1884, SB2928, SB2566, SB1749, SB2549, SB2553, SB2919, SB1782, SB1944, SB1232, SB2969, SB2497, SB1798, SB2603, SB2607, SB781, SB524, SB2233, SB2683, HB1393, HB2559, HB26, HB2607, HB3810, HB388, HB12, HB2712, HB2692, HB1633, HB1318, HB685, HB4753, HB2742, HB303, HB198, HB1535, HB762, HB148, HB1520, HB5061, HB2286, HB1606, HB1041, HB132, HB11, HB45, HB48, HB1261, HB1465, HB1778, HB2596, HB5238, HB33, HB1188, HB210, HB1022, HB1458, HB5560, HB1240, HB1950, HB2027, HB2768, HB2788, HB2791, HB3146, HB3698, HB3699, HB1893, HB3700, HB4850, HB4187, HB1397, HB4885, HB4804, HB3751, HB3611, HB2775, HB2061, HB2003, HB1729, HB1242, HB791, HB2029, HB647, HB2522, HB4738, HB3033, HB3594, HB3474, HB2563, HB2802, HB34, HB128, HB130, HB581, HB668, HB677, HB766, HB2259, HB2960, HB2358, HB2894, HB4384, HB2663, HB748, HB793, HB1193, HB1734, HB2340, HB2350, HB3104, HB5180, HB4739, HB1584, HB4344, HB4238, HB4219, HB3806, HB3805, HB3804, HB3803, HB3229, HB3228, HB1922, HB1522, HB431, HB3597, HB1612, HB4224, HB754, HB1314, HB2254, HB2789, HB3560, HB4643, HB1237, HCR90, HCR98, SJR60, SB1319, SB1978, SB3038, SB3045, SB1633, HB3126, HB2856, HB3114, HB3041, HB3505, HB4205, HB5652, HB3687, HB5424, HB4506, HB3370, HB2025, HB4273

Keywords: hospital reporting, child abuse, neglect, administrative penalty, medical ethics, child protection, student privacy, numerical class rank, education policy, academic programs, high school, monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, law enforcement, employee records, confidentiality

Summary: The meeting involved extensive discussions on several key legislative bills, notably HB1188 and HB1535, both aimed at enhancing support systems for vulnerable populations. HB1188, known as the Caitlin Handley Act, mandates school districts to provide information about local intellectual and developmental disability services to parents of special education students. It passed without objections and was recognized for its potential to improve awareness and access to critical resources. Similarly, HB1535 focused on governance improvements for the Trinity River Authority, emphasizing transparency and accountability in its operations. The bill received strong support and moved forward smoothly through the legislative process.

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently, Texas pushes that requirement down to the county level, resulting in varying standards across
• A minimum standard, I think, makes sense.
• If they're offered such a job, they should accept it; that standard remains in place.

Bills: SB317, SB1250, SB1520, SB1950, SB2298, SB2532, SB2539, SB2747, SB2925, SB2993

Keywords: monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, project financing zone, municipal tax revenue, convention centers, multipurpose arenas, infrastructure development, hike and bike trails, outdoor recreation, environmental stewardship, Bicentennial Trail, Texas history, cultural heritage, unemployment benefits, eligibility, Texas Workforce Commission

Summary: The meeting was marked by an extensive discussion of several bills aimed at enhancing Texas' economic landscape and infrastructure. Notably, SB2925 focused on modernizing the state's manufacturing sector by promoting automation and digital technology, which received strong support from industry representatives, emphasizing its potential job growth impact. Public testimonies reflected a consensus on the need for Texas to lead in innovation to remain competitive in the manufacturing arena. Furthermore, SB1520, which seeks to create the Texas Bicentennial Trail, also garnered significant support, particularly for its vision of connecting historical sites across Texas without resorting to private property condemnation. The committee faced a good turnout of stakeholders, which added depth to the discussions.

Transcript Highlights:

• could lose federal funding if they comply with this provision but fail to meet inclusive service standards
• Would your bill, Senate Bill 7, provide a standard so that every school district and every school board
• A standard statewide policy.

Bills: SB15, SB9, SB7

Keywords: gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, property tax, homestead exemptions, Senate Bill 9, legislation, tax relief, committee discussions

Summary: During this committee meeting, significant attention was directed towards property tax relief and reform, notably through discussions led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the upcoming options for homestead exemptions that would be voted on in November. The committee also reviewed a series of bills, including Senate Bill 9, which was presented as a committee substitute. There was a strong emphasis on how the legislation aims to streamline tax guidelines for local government expenditures while balancing taxpayer relief against budgetary constraints. The meeting was characterized by a collaborative atmosphere where committee members shared insights and feedback on the various bills under consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• To be included in this database, it's the lowest standard.
• I just think that the standard...

Bills: SB659, SB1585, SB2201, SB2514, SB2569

Keywords: smuggling, human trafficking, criminal penalties, felony offenses, law enforcement, public safety, foreign influence, smuggling, intelligence databases, cartels, humanitarian aid, legislation

Summary: The meeting of the committee centered on several critical pieces of legislation concerning public safety and foreign influence. A significant focus was placed on SB659, which addresses the prosecution of smuggling offenses using government resources, with witnesses presenting varying perspectives on the implications of the bill. Supporters highlighted the necessity to combat cartels and foreign terrorist organizations effectively, while opponents raised concerns about potential overreach impacting humanitarian aid efforts. The discussion around SB2201 aimed to enhance law enforcement capabilities by improving intelligence database criteria, which sparked debates on privacy and civil liberties safeguards. Throughout the proceedings, multiple bills were moved favorably for further consideration in the legislature.

Transcript Highlights:

• perspective in a technical sense, monitoring refers to the collection of field data related to the performance

Bills: HB1647, HB2612, HB3125, HB3158, HB3240, HB3506, HB3516, HB3707

Keywords: carbon sequestration, environmental policy, Texas, energy, climate change, regulatory council, geothermal energy, workforce development, education and training, energy industry, apprenticeship, geothermal energy, energy production, Texas, energy policy, renewable energy, state council, administrative law, public information, transparency

Summary: The meeting of the Energy Resources Committee was marked by extensive discussions on several key legislative bills, particularly those concerning carbon capture, geothermal energy, and oilfield theft. Representative Zwiener laid out HB2612, aimed at creating a carbon dioxide sequestration policy council under the Railroad Commission. The bill's supporters emphasized its potential economic benefits while addressing safety concerns raised by witnesses regarding existing underground injection practices. Notably, there was a strong consensus among proponents that addressing these complex issues proactively is essential for Texas to maintain its leadership in the energy sector. The committee also heard testimony on HB1647, focused on combating petroleum product theft, which remains a growing concern within the state. Witnesses highlighted the pressing need for improved coordination among law enforcement and the establishment of a dedicated task force to tackle this issue effectively.

Transcript Highlights:

• I chair the Government Performance and Financial Management Committee.

Bills: SB38, SB287, SB291, SB292, SB508, SB618, SB901, SB1436, SB1494, SB1626, SB1719, SB1999, SB1333

Keywords: evictions, property law, tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, justice court, court rules, eminent domain, property acquisition, landowner's rights, public use, condemnation procedure, election procedures, civil penalty, public officials, voter rights, election integrity, elections, local governance, political subdivisions, general elections

Summary: The meeting addressed several key pieces of legislation, including SB1626, which proposes to enhance Texans' ability to pursue legal action against social media platforms for censorship. The bill aims to provide statutory damages, making it easier for individuals to protect their free speech rights. Testimonies were heard from various public representatives expressing support for the bill, emphasizing its importance in maintaining free speech in the digital age. Other bills discussed included SB1719 and SB1494, each receiving varying levels of scrutiny and support.

Transcript Highlights:

• This organization continues to set the highest standard

• This organization continues to set the highest standard of excellence while advocating for the economic

Keywords: Demet County, UT Health Houston, Legislative Day, resolutions, community recognition

Summary: The meeting addressed several critical resolutions, including H.R. 106, which recognized Demet County Day, and H.R. 119 for UT Health Houston Legislative Day. Each resolution prompted discussions highlighting the history and contributions of both Demet County and UT Health to their communities and the state. Representatives shared heartfelt remarks, expressing pride in the initiatives and the collaboration between local and state governance. These resolutions passed without any objections, showcasing a unified support for local communities and education efforts.

Transcript Highlights:

• tiered compliance framework for small businesses while providing additional time to meet the updated standards
• coalition to provide credit to a greater number of Texans while maintaining our strict underwriting standards

Bills: SB1113, SB1117, SB1206, SB1460, SB1802, SB1906, SB1917, SB2340, SB2455, SB2680, SB2690, SB705, SB748

Keywords: dentistry, botulinum toxin, aesthetic treatments, dental regulation, training, electricity, transmission services, municipal consent, utility regulations, construction, state highways, ethics, compliance, licensing, government, transparency, landlord, tenant rights, repair obligations, housing conditions

Summary: The meeting of the Senate Business and Commerce Committee was marked by discussions on several significant bills, with a keen emphasis on legislative updates and committee substitutes. Notably, Senator Blanco presented a new committee substitute for SB2610, which modifies the employee cap from 100 to 250 and extends the update timeline for cyber security programs for small businesses. This substitute was adopted unanimously, reflecting a collaborative agreement among the committee members. Additionally, there were discussions surrounding SB1856 as Senator Crayton provided insights into how stakeholder feedback influenced the bill's committee substitute. The committee ultimately voted in favor, pushing it towards the local and contested calendar, indicating the bill's progression through legislative channels.

Transcript Highlights:

• " data-time="882"> The developer proposed a five-foot side setback with 10 feet between homes, a standard
• It ensures counties can enforce meaningful infrastructure standards while preventing them from using

Bills: SB840, HB2025, HB2512, HB3139, HB3798, HB3892, HB4373, HB4398, HB4582, HB4689, HB5187, HB5658, HB5666

Keywords: municipality, extraterritorial jurisdiction, residents rights, local governance, petition, Edwards Aquifer, municipal utility district, bond issuance, county authority, water management, Ashe juniper, tree removal, municipal regulation, military base, property rights, environmental impact, county regulation, infrastructure planning, subdivisions, building codes

Summary: The committee meeting included extensive discussions on various bills, with a notable focus on housing issues. The members deliberated on HB3892, which aims to address ambiguities in local government regulations and improve the accessibility of affordable housing in Texas. Public testimony was received from multiple stakeholders, including city representatives who voiced support for the bill, highlighting its significance in balancing development and local regulations. The chair also laid out additional bills such as HB5437 to establish a new municipal utility district and HB5650 focused on land use optimization, all of which were passed unanimously with zero nays.

Transcript Highlights:

• This kind of leads to different standards across the

• House Bill 4253 provides a new objective standard to maintain
• This bill sets the objective standard for an inactive voter as someone who has not voted in the last
• It doesn't care if you're Republican, Independent, or Democrat, that this is the standard to be able

Bills: HB1968, HB2279, HB2739, HB2803, HB3909, HB3918, HB4253, HB4475, HB5115, HB5430

Keywords: election services, contracting, political subdivisions, county elections, election code, voter registration, citizenship status, election law, cancellation, disqualification, Texas Election Code, voter identification, registration, election integrity, identification documents, Texas Election Code, election, watcher, polling place, removal

Summary: The meeting of the committee saw significant discussions revolving around several bills focused primarily on election laws and voter regulations. Chair Shaheen led the session, where the committee debated House Bill 3909, which proposed to amend the election code regarding the use of wireless communication devices near voting stations. Concerns were raised about the practicality of the existing regulations and the potential implications for electoral integrity. Additionally, House Bill 4253 drew attention due to fears of voter suppression, particularly how it might disproportionately affect communities of color. Testimony from members of the public highlighted the tension between maintaining election security and protecting citizens' voting rights.

Transcript Highlights:

• First, it requires the PUC to adopt a standardized application form for the system improvement charge
• Second, it requires the PUC to complete the standardized form and all rulemaking related to the system

Keywords: water crisis, 1944 Water Treaty, Senate Bill 744, Senate Bill 1248, SCR 13, water management, agriculture, Hidalgo County

Summary: During this committee meeting, significant discussions focused on water resource management and legislative measures required to address the ongoing water crisis in Texas, particularly the implications of non-compliance with the 1944 Water Treaty by Mexico. Chair Senator Perry highlighted the urgent need to enforce water allocation agreements as they have direct impacts on Texas agriculture and local economies. Notably, Senate Bill 744 and Senate Bill 1248 were passed, addressing the pressing needs for improved water management practices and data protection for wildlife information gathering, respectively. There was overwhelming support expressed for SCR 13, emphasizing the necessity for action to ensure Mexico meets its water obligations, which are critical for sustaining Texas's agricultural sectors and economic stability.

Transcript Highlights:

• example, recognizes out-of-state licenses for military spouses, and they use the scope of practice standard
• , as does Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Utah, which recently adopted a similar standard as well.

Bills: HCR46, HB1389, HB3359, HB5629

Keywords: commemoration, military, navy seal, honor, January 12, Nathan Gage Ingram, military funeral honors, JROTC, veterans, training, grant program, JROTC, military honors, veterans, grant program, community engagement, veterans, military honors, JROTC, funeral services

Summary: The committee meeting centered around important legislative discussions involving several bills aimed at supporting military personnel and their families. Representative Isaac led the meeting and pushed for swift deliberations on various bills, including those related to veterans’ benefits and licensing for military spouses. Notably, House Bill 5629, presented by Colonel Wilson, sought to streamline the licensing process for military spouses, allowing them to work more effectively in Texas by recognizing their out-of-state licenses. The committee also addressed House Bill 3359, which aims to enhance outreach to veterans by facilitating identification processes, thereby ensuring they receive the benefits to which they are entitled. The meeting concluded with motions for several bills to be scheduled for full committee consideration, demonstrating a proactive approach towards supporting Texas veterans and military families.

Transcript Highlights:

• And of course, we can't forget TSU's world-renowned Ocean of Soul marching band, which recently performed

Keywords: legislation, constitutional amendments, taxation reforms, public testimony, mental health, Ketamine Treatment Grant Program, daylight savings time

Summary: The committee meeting predominantly focused on a multitude of bills concerning various legislative amendments. Key discussions included the pros and cons of constitutional amendments, such as one by Schofield proposing year-round daylight savings time, and issues around taxation reforms highlighted by various members. The committee engaged in vibrant discussions, inviting public testimonies from both supporters and opponents of several bills, emphasizing the importance of community input in legislative processes. Notably, there were extensive debates on HB720, which pertains to the Ketamine Treatment Grant Program for veterans and first responders, underscoring the significance of mental health legislation. Members expressed their concerns about implementing the program effectively while ensuring adequate funding and oversight.

Transcript Highlights:

• Marshals work directly with their state and local partners in order to perform their jobs?

Keywords: fentanyl crisis, DEA, drug trafficking, public safety, Judea Serrata, Terrence Cole, judicial security, social media, drug prevention

Summary: The committee meeting centered on the urgent crisis of fentanyl abuse and the government’s response to the drug trafficking epidemic. Key discussions revolved around the nomination of Terrence Cole as the Administrator of the DEA and Judea Serrata as Director of the U.S. Marshals Service. Cole emphasized his commitment to combating the fentanyl crisis, highlighting the rising number of overdose deaths and the necessity of bipartisan efforts to dismantle drug cartels. Members engaged in dialogue on the effectiveness of various strategies and the importance of education aimed at preventing drug-related deaths among youth. Additionally, the challenges of social media in drug trafficking were highlighted, indicating a need for greater accountability in how platforms handle such issues. Senators voiced concerns about the impact of administration policies on judicial security and the resources available for marshals to perform their critical roles.

Transcript Highlights:

• Their commitment to quality care and professional development sets a standard for healthcare in our state
• Texas Women's University is setting the standard for training and educating Texans.
• Texas Woman's University is setting the standard for training and educating Texans.

Keywords: Midland Odessa Days, Webb County Day, community recognition, economic contribution, Texas legislature

Summary: The meeting featured significant discussions on various resolutions presented by members, including the recognition of different communities and contributions. Notably, H.R. 153 was introduced by Mr. Landgraf to recognize Midland and Odessa Days at the State Capitol, which was highlighted as a crucial economic region within Texas. Several members expressed pride in the accomplishments of their communities, emphasizing their contributions to state growth and development. H.R. 160 commemorated Webb County Day, led by Mr. Raymond, who spoke on the county's role as an international trade hub.

Transcript Highlights:

• This standard is vague and could be taken advantage of by bad actors.
• This bill aims to standardize at least some of the data available so that folks know they can get similar
• However, recent federal scrutiny, particularly surrounding the ABA's diversity, equity, and inclusion standards

Bills: SB1065, SB2117, SB2217, SB2363, SB2533, SB2742, SB2743, SB2881, SB2964, SB3013, SB3014

Keywords: election procedures, voting systems, ballot counting, voter registration, electronic voting, electioneering, public funds, political advertising, civil penalties, school district, election offenses, prosecution, criminal procedure, district attorney, disqualification, voting by mail, election process, ballot correction, voter notification, electoral integrity

Summary: The Committee on State Affairs convened for a detailed examination of SB1065. The session was marked by comprehensive discussions surrounding the potential implications of this legislation. Members engaged in dialogue regarding the bill's objectives, with presentations from the bill's author and various stakeholders, highlighting differing perspectives on its necessity and impact. Public input was also sought, allowing for a range of opinions to be expressed, which enriched the deliberative process. Notably, Senator Haldeman emphasized the importance of the bill for improving community resources and addressing urgent needs in public services.

Transcript Highlights:

• If we did a standard sort of condemnation of anti-Semitism, it would probably pass with everybody voting
• The Anti-Semitism Act is focused on standardizing the definition
• And it holds K-12 schools and colleges that fail to meet this standard accountable.

Bills: SB163, SB558

Keywords: civil rights, higher education, discrimination, complaints, awareness campaign, antisemitism, discrimination, education, Civil Rights Act, IHRA definition, federal enforcement, Jewish community, anti-discrimination laws, Anti-Semitism Awareness Act, Protecting Students on Campus Act, First Amendment, Senator Tim Scott, free speech, college campuses, civil rights

Summary: The committee meeting primarily focused on reviewing two significant bills: S558, the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2025, and S163, the Protecting Students on Campus Act. Senator Tim Scott introduced S558, emphasizing its importance in combatting anti-Jewish violence and harassment, and providing the Department of Education with necessary tools to investigate incidents of anti-Semitism on college campuses. The bill sparked a vigorous debate among members who expressed concerns over potential implications for free speech, particularly regarding its definitions of anti-Semitism, and whether it would infringe upon First Amendment rights.

Transcript Highlights:

• The breakups of Standard Oil in 1911 and AT&T in 1984 show that big breakups can be followed by strong
• But what we see is that historically, after AT&T was split up, after Standard Oil was split up, there

• You go back to Standard Oil.

Keywords: antitrust, competition policy, digital advertising, monopoly, America Act, big tech, consumer rights

Summary: The meeting, titled 'Big Fixes, Big Tech', marked the first hearing of the Senate antitrust competition policy and consumer rights subcommittee in the 119th Congress. Chairman Lee opened the session focusing on the urgent need for effective solutions regarding anti-competitive behavior among major tech firms like Google and Facebook, highlighting several ongoing court cases regarding monopolistic practices in the digital advertising and search markets. Key discussions included the limitations imposed on small businesses and innovation due to the dominance of these tech giants, with many testimonies advocating for stronger legislative measures, including the America Act. The act aims to disrupt the monopolistic capabilities of these firms and restore competitive integrity in the marketplace, which has suffered under their oppressive market control.