Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'protective orders'
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US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nominations of Andrew Hughes, of Texas, to be Deputy Secretary, David Woll, of Virginia, to be General Counsel, both of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Michelle Bowman, of Kansas, to be Vice Chairman for Super Apr 10th, 2025 at 09:10 am
Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="23" data-time="264"> We'll call this hearing to order
- , this committee to order.
This role is essential to protecting the integrity of
We need policymakers who will do their jobs to protect
- the economy and protect working families.
Keywords:
legislation, housing affordability, financial regulation, public testimony, accountability, oversight
Summary:
The meeting involved significant discussions around key legislative proposals, primarily focusing on various bills such as HB2 and SB5. The committee examined the implications of these bills on issues like housing affordability and financial regulation. Notable members engaged in debates, providing differing perspectives on the potential economic impacts of the proposed bills. The meeting witnessed public testimony, which included a call for accountability in government actions and oversight of current financial policies. Members echoed concerns about following through on commitments to address critical issues affecting everyday Americans.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Senate Committee on Finance will come to order.
- It's so ordered.
- Without objection, so ordered.
- So ordered.
- What types of protections do their banks offer them?
Keywords:
severance tax, oil, gas, restimulation wells, tax exemption, civil penalty, hydrocarbons, Texas Railroad Commission, higher education, funding, financial allocation, state budget, Texas A&M University, University of Houston, education funding, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions
Summary:
The meeting covered multiple bills, primarily focusing on House Bill 2802, which relates to the Austin Firefighter Retirement Fund Pension, and House Bill 1056 regarding the establishment of gold and silver as legal tender in Texas. Senator Schwartner introduced several committee substitutes aimed at improving provisions in these bills, with the committee discussing amendments and seeking public testimony on the implications of these changes. Notably, the discussion highlighted varying perspectives on the use of gold as a currency and its constitutional implications, eliciting significant public and legislative engagement.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
We'll come to order.
- ...than they currently have to do in order to protect themselves
- When you're out an officer... so the public is losing out from being able to protect that community.
- ...don't have all of those protections.
- oversight, and audit protections are lacking.
Keywords:
workers' compensation, municipal construction, bidding requirements, small municipalities, contracting policies, workers' compensation, first responders, PTSD, mental health, emergency services, workers' compensation, medical expenses, first responders, injury claims, insurance carriers, opportunity youth, workforce development, employment, education, federal funds
Summary:
The meeting of the committee included significant discussions centered around various bills, particularly those related to workers' compensation, opportunity youth, and sexual harassment. Representative Patterson spearheaded a discussion on HB2369, a bill aimed at reforming the workers' compensation system for first responders, stressing the need for swift evaluations and treatment to facilitate quicker recovery. Several members voiced their support, citing the bill's importance in ensuring that injured first responders can return to work more efficiently. Public testimony highlighted personal stories that underscored the critical impact of the legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part I) Feb 27th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
Without objection, so ordered.
Without objection, so ordered.
- Hearing none, it is so ordered.
- Hearing none, it is so ordered.
- Hearing none, it is so ordered.
Keywords:
Senate Business Commerce Committee, SB842, SB372, SB262, PUC updates, Texas Energy Fund, transmission capacity, Permian Basin, energy applications, 345 kV, 765 kV
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Business Commerce Committee addressed multiple bills, notably focusing on SB842, SB372, and SB262. Chairman Schwartner facilitated discussions around the Texas Energy Fund, with updates provided by PUC Chairman Thomas Gleeson. Gleeson outlined the current status of the energy applications, highlighting that out of 72 applications, 17 had progressed. The committee also raised concerns regarding the need for additional transmission capacity, particularly in the Permian Basin, and discussed the implications of transitioning from 345 kV to 765 kV lines. Overall, the session was marked by a sense of urgency to finalize decisions by the approaching deadlines set for May 1st.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 24th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
The House will come to order.
- relating to the library nonprofit entities' contracts under which the Department of Family and Protective
- 115" data-time="684">HB 3541 by Erin Zwiener relating to the administration of medication and the ordering
- Low proposing a constitutional amendment authorizing each house of the legislature to determine the order
- DeRazio urges the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to take meditative and decisive action to protect
Summary:
In the recent committee meeting, a wide array of bills were discussed, including significant topics such as education reforms, public health initiatives, and environmental regulations. Members engaged in a robust discussion regarding HB3478, which relates to definitions of child abuse and neglect, where concerns were raised about the implications for vulnerable children. Additionally, HB3487 sparked debate over tax collection practices that affect restaurant owners involved in oyster shell recycling programs, highlighting the balance between environmental sustainability and business concerns.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 19th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The Chair hears none; so ordered.
- So ordered.
- The Chair hears none; so ordered.
- The Chair hears none, so ordered.
- The Chair hears none, so ordered.
Summary:
The committee meeting was conducted with several discussions surrounding various proposed bills, addressing both public interests and legislative concerns. Specific bills were presented, and members debated the implications of each, emphasizing their potential impact on the community and state regulations. Notably, several testimonies were heard from stakeholders, which enriched the conversation and provided different perspectives on the bills being reviewed.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Justice (Part I) Apr 29th, 2025
Senate Criminal Justice Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate Committee on Criminal Justice will come to order
- You've got to demand that those people who do not want to take a risk and protect...
- The current process lacks a due process standard protection for peace officers.
- Hearing none, so ordered.
- Hearing none, so ordered. The Chair recognizes Senator Johnson.
Bills:
SB614, SB872, SB1199, SB1212, SB1278, SB1573, SB1588, SB1602, SB1660, SB1704, SB1723, SB1833, SB1858, SB1946, SB2009, SB2146, SB2177, SB2373, SB2460, SB2785
Keywords:
forensic science, capital writs, criminal justice, case review, Texas Forensic Science Commission, prisoner death, investigation, county jail, law enforcement, autopsy, trafficking, prostitution, affirmative defense, coercion, duress, victim rights, child abuse, mandatory reporting, criminal penalties, neglect
Summary:
During this meeting of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice, the focus was on various bills aimed at enhancing public safety and addressing issues within the criminal justice system. Notably, Senate Bill 2460 was discussed, which allows for rapid DNA analysis at booking stations to address delays in forensic testing. The bill received support from several witnesses, including law enforcement officials, who emphasized the importance of this technology in solving cases more efficiently. Another significant topic was Senate Bill 1573, intended to provide due process protections for law enforcement officers accused of misconduct, which sparked a debate on balancing accountability and protecting the officers' reputations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Committee on Corrections will come to order.
- 16" data-time="90">The chair appreciates the committee and our visitors' cooperation in preserving order
At this time, I will call the meeting to order.
- That can be part of orders for non-disclosure.
- To protect judicial immunity, current statutes significantly...
Keywords:
community supervision, budget approval, corrections department, strategic plan, judicial oversight, human trafficking, criminal records, sealed offenses, community supervision, legislative testimony, committee proceedings
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant discussions surrounded various bills including HB1969, SB958, and SB663. Representative Allen moved that HB1969 be reported favorably without amendments, which was adopted amidst a few dissenting votes concerning amendments on fees. The most notable conversation revolved around SB958, where Representative Thompson and other advocates passionately presented the case for trafficking survivors and the need to expand the list of sealable misdemeanors for these individuals. Witness testimonies reflected real-world implications, with survivors sharing their experiences to underscore the urgent need for legislative action.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The House Insurance Committee will come to order.
And number five, protecting consumers of insurance in
- We protect and ensure the fair treatment of consumers, and TDI ensures fair competition in the insurance
- protection classification, ratings, and submissions.
- Insurer solvency is one of our main consumer protections
Summary:
The meeting involved extensive discussions on various topics, although specific bills or motions were not highlighted. The members engaged in a dialogue surrounding the financial aspects of policies under review, particularly referencing rate components and reserves. Questions were raised regarding the allocation of premiums and the implications for future budgets, but no concrete resolutions were made. The Chair, after guiding the discussion, indicated the conclusion of the agenda and called for any additional business before moving to adjourn.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Transportation Funding Mar 31st, 2025 at 10:03 am
House S/C on Transportation Funding
Transcript Highlights:
- " data-time="18"> The House Permanent Standing Subcommittee on Transportation Funding will come to order
- The ultimate goal of HB 2323 is to protect Texas motorists from indefinite toll burdens while ensuring
- ...Legislative Protection since 2017.
- We work to reduce pollution and protect vulnerable communities.
- To pull... he's trying to protect his district. I get it.
Bills:
HJR58, HJR63, HB263, HB542, HB905, HB1288, HB1402, HB2003, HB2262, HB2323, HB2429, HB2876, HB3019
Keywords:
healthcare, insurance, elderly, retirement, benefits, transit-oriented projects, constitutional amendment, state highway fund, funding allocation, voter approval, highway fund, transit-oriented projects, constitutional amendment, funding, public transportation, constitutional amendment, state highway fund, transit projects, transportation, local transit
Summary:
The recent committee meeting focused heavily on transportation infrastructure, with significant discussions surrounding multiple bills aimed at addressing funding and operational strategies. Notably, HB263 aimed to update grant distribution from the Transportation Infrastructure Fund to better reflect the needs of rural and energy-producing counties, thereby ensuring equitable support for necessary infrastructure improvements. Public testimonies in favor of the bill highlighted its importance to local communities impacted by oil and gas activities on their roads. Additionally, HJR58 was discussed, proposing to permit the Texas Department of Transportation to allocate funds toward transit-oriented projects, marking a shift toward multi-modal transportation strategies to reduce congestion and foster economic development. However, opposition arose regarding the potential misuse of gasoline taxes for non-road purposes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="1" data-time="0"> The Committee on the Delivery of Government Efficiency will come to order
- This bill builds on an effort to expand privacy protections for all Texans who hold an occupational or
- This protects...
- This protects the personal information of professional license
- House Bill 3185 strengthens law enforcement's ability to combat cybercrime and protect victims.
Keywords:
constitutional amendment, fiscal impact, state budget, ballot measure, transparency in voting, management-to-staff ratio, state agencies, employee regulations, government efficiency, workforce management, public information, governing board, transparency, confidentiality, access rights, privacy, identifying information, state agency, consent, occupational license
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was marked by discussions surrounding multiple bills, including HB3719, which concerns the public disclosure of dates of birth, and HB5196, aimed at allowing state agencies to approve telework plans for employees. The chair moved for HB3719 to be reported favorably to the full house, which passed with a vote of 10 in favor and one against. Similarly, HB5196 was favorably reported without objections. A significant focus was placed on increasing digital modernization for state agencies, as illustrated by HB5195, which aims to improve the digital accessibility and functionality of agency websites to enhance small business interactions with the state.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Transportation Funding Apr 14th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House S/C on Transportation Funding
Transcript Highlights:
- If anyone would now come to order, the time is 10 a.m.
- >
We're going to continue the practice of taking members in order
- And then we will proceed with those who are present in order
- Customs and Border Protection.
- This legislation would bypass that protection.
Bills:
HB1589, HB2208, HB2297, HB2560, HB2725, HB3080, HB4417, HB4473, HB4520, HB4662, HB4888, HB4905, HB4906
Keywords:
toll collection, vehicle registration, electronic notices, administrative fees, nonpayment penalties, Adopt-a-County Road, funding, road maintenance, county partnership, public recognition, toll discounts, emergency responders, transportation, discount programs, public service, roadway funding, border security, transportation facilities, commercial motor vehicles, local government
Summary:
The committee meeting centered on several key legislative bills focused primarily on transportation and toll road policies. Notable discussions included HB1589, which aims to require voter approval before any new toll road can be constructed. Representative Dirty emphasized that Texans should have a voice regarding tolling roads they didn't vote for, while opponents argued that this could impede necessary road funding. HB2725, which proposed toll exemptions for first responders, also received significant attention as it seeks to alleviate financial burdens on those who serve the community during emergencies. Witnesses testified on behalf of these bills, providing personal stories and statistics to support their positions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Economic Development Committee will come to order.
- This chamber just passed a bill requiring people to conduct a series of job-seeking activities in order
- Hearing none, it is so ordered. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
- are not just protected in storage, but shared, displayed,
- They'll also include legislative reporting requirements and protections for TWC employees who, in good
Keywords:
Texas Constitution, Declaration of Independence, victory or death letter, display, historic preservation, economic development, local workforce, employment vacancies, public assistance, job training, employment services, cross-agency initiative, workforce development, client data, resource optimization, municipal authority, tax revenue, hotel projects, economic development, convention centers
Summary:
The meeting of the Economic Development Committee focused on various bills aimed at enhancing workforce development and economic incentives in Texas. One of the key discussions centered around Senate Bill 2603, which proposed a collaboration between businesses receiving state and local economic development incentives and local workforce development boards to improve job placement outcomes for participants. Public testimony highlighted the importance of connecting job seekers, especially those receiving public assistance, with potential employers to reduce reliance on state support systems. Additionally, Senate Bill 2607 emphasized interagency cooperation to better serve individuals engaged in workforce reentry programs, ensuring streamlined access to vital services.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Senate will come to order.
- With that, I move to suspend the regular order of business.
- I move to suspend the regular order of business.
- Is that protected?
- President, I move suspension of the regular order of business on SJR 37.
Bills:
SJR12, SJR37, SB7, SB8, SB16, SB27, SB108, SB125, SB207, SB251, SB318, SB371, SB379, SB396, SB406, SB472, SB503, SB533, SB578, SB599, SB608, SB617, SB621, SB689, SB707, SB763, SB836, SB854, SB856, SB857, SB875, SB878, SB906, SB922, SB942, SB965, SB985, SB988, SB1021, SB1059, SB1084, SB1098, SB1185, SB1188, SB1202, SB1207, SB1307, SB1321, SB1330, SB1366, SB1388, SB1396, SB1453, SB1484, SB1497, SB1498, SB1535, SB1563, SB1596, SB1610, SB1619, SB1737, SB1738, SB1741, SB1816, SB1822, SB1841, SB1939, SB2188, SJR36, SJR12, SJR37, SJR81, SJR50, SCR22, SCR12, SCR39, SB875, SB318, SB707, SB765, SB62, SB666, SB888, SB687, SB847, SB1248, SB504, SB857, SB305, SB296, SB284, SB1497, SB1498, SB241, SB304, SB621, SB1023, SB371, SB204, SB609, SB670, SB850, SB854, SB413, SB1346, SB1033, SB1220, SB1073, SB810, SB1539, SB447, SB406, SB985, SB965, SB1119, SB1505, SB1215, SB1302, SB856, SB583, SB673, SB681, SB1172, SB608, SB955, SB957, SB1021, SB1120, SB251, SB541, SB1737, SB266, SB1415, SB125, SB599, SB1330, SB53, SB1352, SB785, SB472, SB1450, SB1502, SB1566, SB414, SB1062, SB578, SB711, SB746, SB942, SB1404, SB1448, SB1738, SB108, SB8, SB507, SB533, SB689, SB1026, SB1349, SB1355, SB1433, SB1434, SB1596, SB1403, SB763, SB667, SB1059, SB617, SB1567, SB503, SB16, SB310, SB311, SB396, SB505, SB1209, SB1210, SB1470, SB264, SB1029, SB1185, SB1358, SB1364, SB1569, SB1376, SB1228, SB519, SB878, SB1350, SB462, SB1535, SB827, SB1585, SB207, SB1207, SB1619, SB1396, SB920, SB1484, SB1273, SB1741, SB7, SB927, SB1227, SB1229, SB1353, SB1366, SB1464, SB1709, SB1729, SB1733, SB1744, SB1772, SB1816, SB1841, SB2188, SB1147, SB879, SB1008, SB1536, SB2016, SB1453, SB1173, SB1163, SB996, SB27, SB568, SB1370, SB1321, SB1101, SB906, SB860, SB1563, SB993, SB693, SB1610, SB1537, SB836, SB1332, SB1307, SB963, SB493, SB922, SB984, SB1084, SB619, SB1098, SB1122, SB455, SB522, SB1057, SB1239, SB1254, SB1255, SB1259, SB1341, SB1664, SB1877, SB464, SB1277, SB32, SB732, SB660, SB731, SB921, SB268, SB1822, SB1188, SB1939, SB1589, SB397, SB1388, SB2230, SB1058, SB1036, SB1267, SB2112, SB1930, SB532, SB1035, SB2155, SB508, SB29, SB292, SB291, SB901, SB1333, SB1436, SB1494, SB964, SB779, SB1378, SB2312, SB1719, SB1386, SB287, SB2143, SB1245, SB261, SB1247, SB1948, SB2406, SB2407, SB1882, SB1197, SB1814, SB618, SB38
Keywords:
parental rights, education, constitutional amendment, school choice, child education, voter ID, citizenship, election integrity, constitutional amendment, voting rights, water infrastructure, financial assistance, Texas Water Development Board, water supply, environmental sustainability, immigration enforcement, ICE agreements, sheriff grants, law enforcement, county jail
Summary:
The meeting focused on the discussion and passage of several key bills including SB1497, which addresses the regulation of certain skimming devices, and SB1207, which promotes adoption-related education in public schools. Senator Nichols and Senator King were particularly active, with Nichols advocating for the urgency of SB1497 due to its implications for law enforcement in relation to payment card fraud, and King emphasizing the importance of fostering a culture of adoption in Texas through educational programs.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
State Affairs will come to order.
- span> financially benefit from quorum-breaking absences and helps protect
- /span> How does this bill align with the Texas Constitution's protections
- /span> Of members under the Texas Constitution, it's got to be ordered
- This bill draws a bright line to protect the trust between the legislatures, the citizens of Texas, and
Bills:
HB18
Keywords:
HB18, quorum, legislative process, penalties, transparency, accountability, fundraising restrictions
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on House Bill 18, which aims to establish penalties for lawmakers who intentionally break quorum to obstruct legislative processes. Senator Hinojosa presented the bill, explaining that it prohibits absent legislators from fundraising and incurs civil penalties for violations. Public testimony was taken, with supporters emphasizing the need for accountability and transparency among legislators. Discussions among committee members highlighted the bill's implications and raised questions about its efficacy in preventing planned quorum breaks.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="1" data-time="0"> Public Health
We'll come to order
- That's ultimately my order.
- Do physical therapists order imaging?
- So if we were to order medication, say, usually it's in the...
- One, it protects patients from the surprise fees.
Bills:
HB35, HB4490, HB4454, HB2188, HB3794, HB3078, HB4743, HB2556, HB46, HB5342, HB4783, HB3785, HB1639, HB2581, HB4224, HB4070, HB4099, HB4882, HB5278
Keywords:
peer support, first responders, mental health, confidentiality, emergency services, disclosure, next of kin, public information, deceased persons, privacy rights, patient solicitation, marketing practices, healthcare regulation, task force, deceptive advertising, nurse aide, certification, Texas Board of Nursing, healthcare workforce, nursing standards
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss various health-related bills, with significant emphasis placed on addressing substance abuse and the associated healthcare challenges in Texas. Notable discussions revolved around HB5342, which aims to sustain 988 operations to aid individuals in crisis, while HB4454 focuses on updating laws to combat unethical patient brokering within substance use treatment programs. Various witnesses, including healthcare professionals, provided testimony supporting these initiatives, highlighting the impact of substance abuse on public health and the necessity for legislative backing in these areas. The committee heard from several members who articulated the urgency of implementing effective measures to address substance abuse, especially with the rising concerns around opioid-related deaths and treatment accessibility in underserved areas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 15th, 2025 at 12:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Governor of Texas, I call the House of Representatives of the 89th Legislature, Second Called Session to order
- Immediately to pass a strong pro-life bill to protect women's
- spaces and more property tax protections without the threat of procedural gamesmanship getting in the
- ="109" data-time="648"> Order of the House.
- Until further order of the House.
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas House of Representatives focused on ensuring quorum for the ongoing special session and addressing pressing legislative matters. Speaker called attention to the absence of certain members who had not returned, leading to discussions on maintaining attendance and possibly issuing civil arrest warrants if necessary. The discussions also included emphasis on pro-life legislation and property tax protections, as well as addressing safety concerns highlighted by tragic incidents such as those at Camp Mystic. Notably, House Bill 1 focusing on camp safety and House Bill 25 for over-the-counter ivermectin were among the priorities mentioned for upcoming sessions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- That is the mom-and-pop that we are seeking to protect.
- Birdwell, I wish you would change this bill and protect your voters and stop protecting these foreign
- This bill is designed to protect.
- In order for individuals to get a fair system, they need to have a fair shot.
- Our mandate was to protect good companies and punish the bad companies.
Keywords:
railroad, train, collision, information disclosure, safety, driver's license, reporting, off-highway vehicles, public land, safety certificate, transportation, Parks and Wildlife Code, tolls, county revenue, civil penalty, ad valorem tax, transportation funding, SB39, HB19, SB2246
Summary:
During the committee meeting, significant discussions revolved around three main bills: SB39, HB19, and SB2246. Senator Bettencourt laid out SB39, aimed at revising the admission rule related to commercial vehicle collision cases. The intention behind this bill is to standardize trial procedures by limiting the evidence admissible in the first phase, ensuring that unnecessary complexity does not cloud the issue of fault. Various stakeholders, including trial lawyers and business representatives, provided insights into the impact of these changes, highlighting concerns over insurance costs and practical implications on litigations. Public testimony reflected a mix of support and opposition, showcasing the contentious nature of the bill's modifications.
Additionally, the committee addressed SB2246 regarding salvage auto dealers and the process of obtaining titles for vehicles that will not return to the road, which was met with relatively little challenge as stakeholders recognized the necessity for clarity and efficiency in this process. The meeting concluded with promises from members to continue discussions on these important legislative measures, indicating an ongoing commitment to addressing the complex issues at hand.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 21st, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- So ordered. Thank you.
- There is none, so ordered.
- There is none, so ordered.
- is not so ordered.
- The Chair hears none, so ordered.
Keywords:
youth camp, emergency preparedness, safety standards, regulation, civil penalties, emergency communication, public safety, interoperability, Texas Interoperability Council, grant program, emergency communication, broadband, funding, natural disasters, technology, disaster preparedness, emergency plans, Texas youth camps, SB2, HB1
Summary:
The committee meeting conducted a thorough review of multiple bills aimed at enhancing disaster preparedness and response in Texas. Key discussions focused on HB1, the Resident Youth Camp Emergency Plans, presented by Mr. Darby, which emphasizes creating emergency plans for youth camps following tragic incidents. The bill received broad support and passed mostly unanimously, highlighting a collective commitment to improving safety for vulnerable populations. Another significant piece of legislation, SB2 by Mr. King, aimed at disaster recovery and preparedness, also saw robust discussions, resulting in a passing vote that underscored the necessity of establishing clear emergency management protocols at local levels.