Transcript Highlights:

• A copy of a letter from the Executive Director of the National

Keywords: Texas Public Finance Authority, House Bill 1520, customer rate relief, veteran services, IT enhancements, financial management, state funding

Summary: The meeting held by the committee featured a series of discussions aimed at addressing key funding requests from various state agencies. Notably, the Texas Public Finance Authority presented updates on their recent issuance of bonds related to House Bill 1520, which was aimed at providing customer rate relief following the winter storm. This was met with appreciation from committee members, highlighting the ongoing need for effective financial management in response to natural disasters. Other discussions included the Texas Veterans Commission's efforts to secure funds for mental health services and enhancements to IT systems, indicative of a broader commitment to improving services for veterans.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have a letter from most of our police chiefs and sheriffs written in 2023 that refer only to the..
• "> ...serious injuries from these other devices that are included now, and if you go back to this letter
• information to distinguish some of what... what's in here, from where this originally started, from the letter

Bills: HB259, HB1128, HB1337, HB1506, HB1794, HB2215, HB2470, HB2771, HB2882, HB2993, HB3053, HB3428, HB3669, HB3789, HB3924, HB4201, HB4675

Keywords: healthcare, insurance, patient rights, medical expenses, access to care, affordability, legislation, firearms, penal code, regulation, short-barrel firearms, ammunition, legislation, firearms, gun control, public safety, short-barrel firearms, Texas law, firearms, gun control

Summary: The meeting of the committee addressed several significant bills related to firearm regulations, notably HB2470, which proposes allowing individuals ages 18 to 20 to carry handguns in public. This bill sparked intense debate, with numerous witnesses providing public testimony against it, expressing concerns about youth gun violence and the implications of allowing younger individuals to carry firearms. Advocates of the bill argued that it aligns with constitutional rights and addresses current legal ambiguities. Discussions also included HB3669, aimed at clarifying the classification of less-lethal projectile devices, with supporters presenting evidence of the safety benefits these technologies could provide to law enforcement. The meeting concluded with an acknowledgment of the diverse opinions presented, indicating a need for further consideration of the drafted legislation before finalizing decisions.

Transcript Highlights:

• data-time="14094"> Round Rock ISD and in 2021, during a meeting similar to what you are doing here, I had letters
• And they started reading these letters, and I'm going to
• the Biden administration, and basically sent a demand letter

Bills: SB240, SB1183, SB1184, SB1577, SB2043, SB2051, SCR42, SJR68

Keywords: biological sex, gender identity, public facilities, civil penalties, local government, alcohol sales, racing events, mixed beverage permit, temporary sale, Texas legislation, healthcare provider, retaliation, civil remedy, whistleblower protection, equal protection, impeachment, public officers, disqualification, procedural reform, removal from office

Summary: The committee meeting primarily focused on Senate Bill 2043, aiming to provide protections for healthcare professionals against retaliation for reporting unethical practices. Chairman Hughes initiated the discussion, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding medical practitioners' rights. Testimonies from various witnesses highlighted real-life implications of the bill, with some expressing personal experiences of facing significant backlash for whistleblowing on unethical practices within healthcare facilities. Supporters of the bill touted it as a crucial step towards ensuring transparency and accountability in the medical field, particularly concerning the treatment of minors in gender transition procedures.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have letters of support from the Port of Brownsville and the Cameron County Judge, and we also have
• So, the Nueces County Judge has written a letter of support for this bill.

Bills: SB249, SB546, SB744, SB927, SB1227, SB1229, SB1353, SB1365, SB1366, SB1394, SB1464, SB1709, SB1729, SB1733, SB1744, SB1745, SB1746, SB1772, SB1816, SB1841, SB1939

Keywords: memorial markers, law enforcement, officer memorials, killed in the line of duty, highway signage, school bus, traffic enforcement, safety, recorded evidence, video monitoring, Veterans Memorial Highway, highway designation, Smith County, commemoration, transportation, driver education, work zones, traffic safety, construction, penalties

Summary: The meeting of the committee was marked by numerous discussions regarding various bills, notably around Senate Bills 1772 and 1816. SB1772, which aims to honor Jose Maria Longoria Sr. by designating a portion of Farm-to-Market Road 2360 as a memorial highway, received unanimous support with no objections from members during the voting process. In contrast, SB1816's committee substitute was adopted without contention, leading to its approval by a vote of seven ayes and no nays. Additionally, discussions around SB1841 centered on privacy issues, culminating in the bill being favorably reported to the full Senate as well. The atmosphere was collaborative, with ample public testimony and participation from various stakeholders, driving meaningful dialogue around the importance of these legislative efforts.

Transcript Highlights:

• I wrote a letter to this committee in March.

• I have included another copy of this letter for each

Bills: HB2

Keywords: public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, HB2, public education, special education funding, pre-K eligibility, teacher compensation

Summary: The meeting focused prominently on the discussions surrounding HB2, which entails significant investments in public education and aims to reform funding mechanisms to better support students and teachers. Multiple stakeholders, including educators and policymakers, conveyed their support while also voicing concerns about the bill's potential shortcomings. Witnesses discussed the urgent need for increased funding for special education and the necessity of expanding pre-K eligibility for students with disabilities. The testimony highlighted the historical context of the funding model and emphasized the importance of creating equitable solutions for all public school districts.

Transcript Highlights:

• those processes and procedures went into place, with some small changes, we were able to increase the letter
• Again, at the end of that year, we had another letter grade difference.

Bills: HB8

Keywords: education, accountability, assessments, HB8, testing, public testimony, teacher input

Summary: The committee meeting focused on HB8, which proposes significant changes to the assessment and accountability system in Texas education. Key discussions involved the transition from the previous STAR testing framework to a new instructionally supportive assessment program that aims to provide timely feedback to enhance instructional strategies. Proponents of the bill argue that it encourages a growth-oriented approach, while opponents express concerns about the potential increase in high-stakes testing and the makeup of the advisory committee, which has limited educator and parental representation. Numerous witnesses spoke, highlighting both support and apprehension regarding the bill's implications for students, educators, and accountability standards.

Transcript Highlights:

• From the beginning, when we start negotiating a letter of intent with a landowner to buy a piece of property

Bills: HB23, HB363, HB447, HB954

Keywords: third-party review, property development, local government, permits, construction inspection, regulatory authority, land development, liability, occupancy certificate, municipal utility district, petition, county clerk, water code, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, traffic impact studies, municipal utility district, bonds, road projects, eminent domain, extraterritorial jurisdiction

Summary: The meeting was convened by Chairman Gates, focusing primarily on discussions of several key bills including HB363, HB954, and others pertaining to municipal utility districts (MUDs). Notably, a public testimony highlighted the need for comprehensive reform in the MUD process, emphasizing the importance of pre-petition notices to counties to ensure transparency and effective community involvement. The committee members engaged in a dialogue about the necessity of legislative measures to improve notification processes, public safety, and county jurisdiction in these developments. Representative Bell presented HB363, detailing the need for timely notifications to affected parties, which was heavily supported during the discussions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Martinez's usual practices take a liking to letters in Americans' pants, a repetition of Thompson's business
• Speaker, with a gentle letter... does the gentle lady yield for questions?

• With a gentle letter, do you yield for a question

Bills: HB120, HB20, HB150, HB6, HB100, HB124, HB210, HB215, HB1393, HB1587, HB1151, HB1268, HB142, HB451, HB39, HB102, HB126, HB290, HB300, HB2143, HJR2, HB147, HJR6, HB120, HB20, HB150, HB6, HB100, HB124, HB210, HB215, HB1393, HB1587, HB1151, HB1268, HB142, HB451, SB1

Keywords: career readiness, education reform, workforce training, public schools, financial aid, applied sciences, career education, high school diploma, certificate program, work-based learning, job placement, high-growth jobs, technical training, cybersecurity, state command, information resources, data protection, incident response, mental health, telehealth

Summary: The meeting facilitated a thorough examination of various legislative matters including the passage of significant bills such as HB451, which focuses on enhancing screening for children at risk of commercial sexual exploitation. Representative Thompson advocated for the bill by highlighting Texas's ongoing efforts to combat human trafficking and safeguard vulnerable children in foster care and the juvenile justice system. The bill passed with unanimous support, indicative of a strong consensus on the need for protective measures. Additionally, the committee addressed HB120, which aims to expand career and technology education, emphasizing its crucial role in preparing students for high-demand job markets in Texas. This bill also passed, furthering the committee's commitment to improving educational outcomes for students across the state.

Transcript Highlights:

• 1602">The Texas school districts went to the voters and asked them to retrieve a tax ratification letter

• Well, we had a lot of letters of support from various

Bills: SB66, SB243, SB250, SB317, SB393, SB397, SB456, SB628, SB629, SB636, SB715, SB731, SB801, SB865, SB1012, SB1013, SB1015, SB1032, SB1141, SB1181, SB1224, SB1241, SB1242, SB1250, SB1266, SB1285, SB1376, SB1442, SB1449, SB1502, SB1524, SB1528, SB1551, SB1585, SB1640, SB1708, SB1844, SB1854, SB1863, SB1959, SB1965, SB2035, SB2082, SB2119, SB2138, SB2199, SB2200, SB2201, SB2245, SB2269, SB2284, SB2310, SB2357, SB2419, SB2422, SB2480, SB2514, SB2523, SB2529, SB2533, SB2541, SB2550, SB2568, SB2595, SB2605, SB2608, SB2615, SB2717, SB2721, SB2753, SB2778, SB2841, SB2846, SB2891, SB2925, SB2929, SB2933, SB3016, SB3029, SB3039, SB3044, SJR3, SJR18, SB5, SB326, SB494, SB530, SB767, SB769, SB783, SB914, SB963, SB1035, SB1197, SB1271, SB1415, SB1437, SB1619, SB1637, SB1786, SB1806, SB2312, SB29, SB1238, SB1967, SB1, SB260, SB1637, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR59, SCR12, SCR39, SCR48, SCR19, SB2023, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB1073, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB1502, SB507, SB1434, SB1376, SB1585, SB1772, SB2016, SB1163, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB261, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB1999, SB511, SB2309, SB510, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB1524, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB517, SB1200, SB1845, SB1863, SB2681, SB2200, SB2199, SB2458, SB2201, SB801, SB2533, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB1013, SB2797, SB2119, SB2076, SB2876, SB2284, SB2929, SB2595, SB715, SB1640, SB2514, SB2753, SB1241, SB2538, SB1449, SB2529, SB2846, SB986, SB1181, SB1359, SB2550, SB2245, SB410, SB1234, SB456, SB1012, SB2926, SB2138, SB1242, SB2615, SB2310, SB1224, SB2972, SB2841, SB3016, SB1856, SB2035, SB1528, SB1141, SB1266, SB1373, SB2269, SB2480, SB672, SB2891, SB2422, SB1854, SB317, SB2539, SB2532, SB2925, SB1250, SB2082, SB2203, SB2357, SB2721, SB243, SB1285, SB2568, SB1959, SB1442, SB1454, SB2520, SB2541, SB1708, SB1237, SB1844, SB1586, SB1551, SB3039, SB2819, SB66, SB629, SB1015, SB2342, SB2903, SB2933, SB1965, SB2477, SB3029, SB2605, SB2419, SB1957, SB375, SB250, SB777, SB628, SB2523, SB2367, SB2703, SB2608, SB2778, SB3044, SB2965, SB2521, SB865, SB1032, SB2165, SB2501, SB2675, SB2452, SB2835, HB1109, HB1392, HB22, HB2525, HB3093, SB872, SB1212, SB1278, SB1588, SB1602, SB1704, SB1723, SB1833, SB1858, SB1946, SB2009, SB2177, SB2460, SB2785, SB2373, SB1660, SB614, SB867, SB1608, SB1525, SB905, SB640, SB2487, SB1698, SB383, SB705, SB748, SB1113, SB1117, SB1802, SB2340, SB2586, SB2680, SB2690, SB2994, SB2747, SB1950, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB3059, SB2782, SB2781, SB2637, SB2633, SB2337, SB2334, SB1861, SB2043, SB1367, SB946, SB945, SB2857, SB128, SB571, SB1263, SB3058, SB612, SB2221, SB2587, SB2044, SB2363, SB2713, HB517, HB912, HB1130, HB142, HB1689, HB2018

Keywords: disability, supported decision-making, legal assistance, confidentiality, access to justice, autonomy, civil rights, advocacy, municipal annexation, railroad, adjacent areas, local government, property rights, monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, human organs

Summary: The committee meeting encompassed significant discussions around several key legislative bills, focusing on enhancing safety standards, cybersecurity measures, and law enforcement accountability. One of the notable bills discussed was SB2514, which aims to create a specialized unit within the Department of Public Safety to monitor foreign influence operations in Texas. Senator Hughes emphasized the need for a robust approach to cybersecurity training for state employees in light of increasing threats. The discussion was well-rounded, involving concerns from stakeholders to strengthen the bill further, leading to a successful passage without objection. Additionally, the Senate addressed SB243 related to regulating migrant labor housing, ensuring that housing standards are maintained for workers under extreme conditions, thus demonstrating the committee's commitment to labor rights.

Transcript Highlights:

• Just behind that is one that's usually in big, bold letters that says, if you delay me for any reason
• non-negotiable because, for example, in an RFP from the Texas Facilities Commission, page number two is a letter

Bills: SB75, SB715, SB776, SB1299, SB1405, SB1968, SB2021, SB2077, SB2148, SB2321, SB2330, SB2411

Keywords: electric generation, reliability, ERCOT, Public Utility Commission, penalties, performance requirements, energy policy, construction contracts, compensatory damages, government delays, contractor, legislation, broadband access, tax reduction, internet service, rural connectivity, infrastructure funding, distributed energy resources, interconnection, ERCOT

Summary: The Business Commerce Committee meeting was marked by the successful reporting of several bills, notably Senate Bill 783, SB1238, and SB1706, all of which received unanimous support from committee members. The chair facilitated discussions around the potential implications of these bills, with committee members highlighting the necessity for timely updates to current legislation. Public testimonies were heard regarding Senate Bill 1968, emphasizing its efforts to clarify the agent-buyer relationship in real estate transactions through the introduction of written representation agreements. Additionally, concerns were raised about regulations regarding backup generation for energy loads in the Senate Bill 2321 discussion, reflecting ongoing discussions about balancing energy needs with environmental regulations.

Transcript Highlights:

• I am thankful, and I'm very thankful for the letters of support
• Letters in your office that's going to inundate.

Bills: SB9, SB1047, SB1048, SJR17, SJR49, SB40, SJR1, SJR5

Keywords: bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail reform, criminal procedure, public safety report, victim notification, family violence, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunction, taxpayer rights, bail reform, violent crimes, sexual offenses, community safety

Summary: The committee meeting centered around discussions of Senate Bill 9, focusing on bail reform and the recent trends affecting public safety in Texas. Multiple witnesses provided testimony, both in support of and against the bill, highlighting the implications of current bail practices. Supporters argued that the bill would enhance public safety and reduce the release of violent offenders, while opponents raised concerns about due process and the potential negative impact on low-income individuals unable to pay bail. The chair acknowledged the heartfelt testimonies from victims' families, emphasizing the emotional weight of the legislative changes being considered. The meeting was marked by a passionate discourse about balancing public safety with individual rights in the judicial system.

Transcript Highlights:

• One of the rules also is that if an operator plugs a well, the operator has to send a letter to the landowner
• particular operator has a way of eluding, if you will, Letters

Bills: HB3619, HB3652, HB4572, HB4891, HB4941, HB5103, HB5105, HB5106, HB5224, HB5600

Keywords: surface estate, well plugging, Railroad Commission, landowner rights, liability, strategic reserve, gas supply, petroleum products, disaster response, Railroad Commission of Texas, energy security, emergency planning, oil and gas waste, Railroad Commission, environmental regulation, waste management, mining pits, groundwater monitoring, oil and gas waste, regulation

Summary: The meeting focused on a series of bills primarily related to oil and gas infrastructure, safety, regulatory issues, and the burgeoning hydrogen industry in Texas. Several bills were discussed and voted on, including HB3911 concerning voluntary plugging of orphan wells, HB3021 related to oil and gas emergencies, and HB5600 aimed at establishing Texas as a leader in the clean hydrogen market. The Chair and members debated the provisions of these bills, considering environmental implications and economic impacts, particularly in light of recent natural disasters like the winter storm Uri.

Transcript Highlights:

• You can miss an email, you can miss a letter—that can be
• we just send that information to TDI, and we don't need to also be sending out the emails and the letters

Bills: SB227, SB269, SB407, SB463, SB527, SB547, SB1283, SB1380, SB1383, SB1511, SB1640, SB1784, SB2069

Keywords: school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, healthcare policy, vaccines, exemptions, religious beliefs, public health, workplace violence, healthcare facilities, definition expansion, safety regulations, health and safety code, health insurance, anesthesia, pediatric dental services, coverage, medical necessity

Summary: The meeting of the Health and Human Services Committee covered a variety of bills focused on improving health care access, patient protections, and enhancing oversight of health-related services. Key discussions were held around SB1640, which aims to broaden the scope of criminal history checks for Medicaid providers to enhance accountability and prevent fraud. Senator Hagenbooth explained the committee substitute, emphasizing the necessity of strengthening vetting processes within Medicaid programs. Additionally, SB1784 was introduced, which seeks to protect patients from unexpected medical debt collection practices by mandating advance written notices before debt collection actions are initiated. Discussion around this bill reflected a collective concern for transparency in medical billing and the financial wellbeing of patients.

Transcript Highlights:

• data-time="256"> calls have contacted me in opposition to Senate Bill 2 and only one constituent in one letter

Bills: SB2, SJR36, SB2, SB2, SR29, SB2

Keywords: Maverick County, recognition, economic development, Texas Senate, community celebration, legislation, economic policies, public safety, committee discussions, public commentary

Summary: The meeting focused on various legislative issues, with committee members engaging in detailed discussions regarding proposed bills and their implications. Key points included debates on economic policies and public safety initiatives, with members expressing differing viewpoints on certain legislative measures. The atmosphere was collaborative, as various stakeholders provided input on the legislation under consideration. Public commentary was encouraged, contributing to a robust dialogue among committee members and attendees.

Transcript Highlights:

• Then the next person that comes out and inspects says it doesn't work, even though they've got a letter

Keywords: housing affordability, Texas population growth, regulatory burdens, development processes, land use, supply shortage, collaboration, testimony, legislative measures

Summary: The Committee on Land and Resource Management convened to address pressing issues surrounding housing affordability in Texas. Central to the discussions was the testimony of various stakeholders, including housing developers, local officials, and advocates who highlighted an acute shortage of over 300,000 homes due to rapid population growth. The committee explored legislative measures aimed at reducing regulatory burdens that contribute significantly to housing costs, particularly related to the development and construction processes. A theme of collaboration with local governments and state agencies was a pivotal point, emphasizing the need for an organized approach to address housing supply while balancing local infrastructural concerns.

Transcript Highlights:

• think that would be awesome because, like my daughter who's 21, I'm like, you have to do a registered letter

Bills: HB431, HB648, HB1006, HB1926, HB2037, HB2468, HB2788, HB2791, HB3255, HB3260

Keywords: restrictive covenants, real estate, subdivision regulations, multi-zoned subdivisions, property laws, repair notice, residential, manufactured homes, tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, email communication, property code amendments, real property, public improvement district, contract termination, notice requirement, property sales, development corporation, Gulf Coast Authority, financing projects

Summary: The meeting addressed several key pieces of legislation, with significant focus on bills related to property owners' associations and the Texas Workforce Commission's training programs. Representative Harris-Navila presented HB517, which aims to allow property owners' associations to impose fines for discolored vegetation during watering restrictions. The committee adopted a community substitute for this bill before moving it forward with a recommendation for passage. Meanwhile, HB2791, highlighted by Chairwoman Button, focusses on vocational rehabilitation programs for individuals with disabilities, with provisions that require efficient operation to avoid lapses in service.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm just trying to figure out why you're against this bill because if you're already sending out a letter

Bills: HB1342, HB2889, HB3002, HB3254, HB4820, HJR40

Keywords: private activity bonds, housing, residential rental projects, low-income, affordable housing, bond measures, funding equality, political subdivisions, public communications, election fairness, debt collection, consumer rights, disclosures, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, settlement agreements, State Board of Education, group benefits program, health insurance, state employees, dependents eligibility

Summary: During this committee meeting, several important bills were discussed, including HB5632, HB3900, and SJR57. The committee focused on HB1342, which aims to reorganize the priority structure of private activity bonds for residential rental projects, responding to concerns raised by various stakeholders about the efficiency and accessibility of these bonds in supporting affordable housing. Additionally, HB3002 was presented as a consumer protection bill requiring debt collectors to disclose rights in all written and electronic communications, ensuring average Texans are informed of their rights regarding debt obligations. The meeting concluded with a discussion about upcoming bills and the schedule for the next sessions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Do they have a letter of support for the bill? I do not. Okay, thank you. Any other questions?

Bills: HB1532, HB2731, HB3483, HB4308, HB4580, HB4582, HB5509, HB5663

Keywords: Lake Houston, dredging, maintenance district, flood control, environment, public works, industrial development, county development districts, bonds, economic incentives, sales tax, human trafficking, hotel regulation, occupancy certificate, municipal authority, law enforcement, human trafficking, municipal powers, House Bill 5509, due process

Summary: The Senate Committee on Local Government convened to discuss various important bills, primarily focusing on housing and local governance issues. Significant discussions included House Bill 5509, aimed at enhancing municipal powers against human trafficking by allowing the suspension of hotel occupancy certificates when crimes are suspected. The committee thoroughly reviewed the proposed committee substitutes for several bills, stressing stakeholder input and the importance of due process in legislative changes. Additionally, public testimony highlighted community support for the new amendments designed to ensure safety and welfare, particularly concerning vulnerable populations. House Bill 5663, addressing vital infrastructure needs and associated funding, also received a favorable recommendation from the committee, advancing its path through legislative scrutiny.

Transcript Highlights:

• You know, I have an 11-letter last name.

Keywords: foster youth, education, state college tuition, House Bill 1211, support, committee meeting

Summary: During this committee meeting, a total of 16 bills were discussed, covering various topics mainly focused on education and support for vulnerable populations. Notably, House Bill 1211 was a significant highlight, aiming to remove the 25th birthday deadline for former foster youth to utilize state college tuition benefits. This bill garnered strong support from multiple members, including personal testimonies from individuals who benefited from such educational support. The conversation around HB1211 emphasized the challenges faced by former foster youth, including lack of awareness and support, which aligns with the bill's objective of extending opportunities regardless of age.

Transcript Highlights:

• is the President of the Northwest Congress built out of 4172 branches from the Michigan Center for Letters

Bills: HCR114, HB137, HB283, HB1398, HB1960, HB2153, HB2431, HB2638, HB2699, HB2999, HB3208, HB3389, HB3413, HB3510, HB3642, HB3859, HB3974, HB3986, HB4142, HB4173, HB4174, HB4542, HB4605, HB4663, HB4731, HB5064, HB5216, HB5218, HB5332, HB5453, HB5577

Keywords: memorial, pedestrian bridge, Houston, Sergio Ivan Rodriguez, city council, oversize vehicles, transportation permits, Hidalgo County, port authority, highway routes, healthcare, insurance, mental health, treatment access, state funding, transportation, axle weight, aggregates, regulations, Texas law

Summary: The committee meeting centered on several key pieces of legislation, including discussions around safety at railroad crossings, vehicle operation regulations, and the confidentiality of collected information. House Bill 1772 and Senate Bill 2129 were particularly notable, both aimed at increasing penalties related to vehicle operations at grade crossings. Representative Canales made a significant move for these bills to be forwarded to the House with recommendations for approval, highlighting the collective support from committee members. Public testimony reflected concerns and endorsements regarding transportation safety and legislative impacts on local communities.