Transcript Highlights:

• /span>

  The protectedness review will not apply to the standard

• /p>

  Committee substitute Senate Bill 763, relating to the standard

• The curriculum must teach the dangers.

• The development of common technical standards for water supply pipelines will facilitate interoperability
• >And so I guess that brings me to my next point, which is, would you agree that diversity in our teaching

Bills: SJR12, SCR39, SB7, SB8, SB27, SB29, SB125, SB241, SB371, SB396, SB406, SB464, SB568, SB578, SB608, SB617, SB660, SB689, SB693, SB707, SB731, SB732, SB763, SB779, SB836, SB854, SB857, SB875, SB878, SB879, SB906, SB920, SB921, SB922, SB942, SB965, SB985, SB996, SB1029, SB1035, SB1036, SB1059, SB1084, SB1098, SB1101, SB1185, SB1188, SB1321, SB1332, SB1366, SB1388, SB1396, SB1453, SB1484, SB1494, SB1536, SB1563, SB1596, SB1610, SB1619, SB1737, SB1738, SB1741, SB1816, SB1822, SB1841, SB1939, SB2155, SB2188, SB2230, SJR36, SJR12, SJR81, SJR50, SCR22, SCR12, SCR39, SB765, SB62, SB666, SB888, SB687, SB847, SB1248, SB504, SB857, SB305, SB296, SB284, SB241, SB304, SB1023, SB204, SB609, SB670, SB850, SB854, SB413, SB1346, SB1033, SB1220, SB1073, SB810, SB1539, SB447, SB406, SB985, SB1119, SB1505, SB1215, SB1302, SB583, SB673, SB681, SB1172, SB608, SB955, SB957, SB1120, SB541, SB1737, SB266, SB1415, SB125, SB53, SB1352, SB785, SB1450, SB1502, SB1566, SB414, SB1062, SB578, SB711, SB746, SB942, SB1404, SB1448, SB1738, SB507, SB689, SB1026, SB1349, SB1355, SB1433, SB1434, SB1596, SB1403, SB763, SB667, SB1059, SB617, SB1567, SB310, SB311, SB505, SB1209, SB1210, SB1470, SB264, SB1029, SB1358, SB1364, SB1569, SB1376, SB1228, SB519, SB878, SB1350, SB462, SB827, SB1585, SB1396, SB920, SB1484, SB1273, SB1741, SB7, SB927, SB1227, SB1229, SB1353, SB1366, SB1464, SB1709, SB1729, SB1733, SB1744, SB1772, SB1816, SB1841, SB2188, SB1147, SB879, SB1008, SB1536, SB2016, SB1453, SB1173, SB1163, SB996, SB27, SB568, SB1370, SB1321, SB1101, SB906, SB860, SB1563, SB993, SB693, SB1610, SB1537, SB836, SB1332, SB1307, SB963, SB493, SB922, SB984, SB1084, SB619, SB1098, SB1122, SB455, SB522, SB1057, SB1239, SB1254, SB1255, SB1259, SB1341, SB1664, SB1877, SB464, SB1277, SB32, SB732, SB660, SB731, SB921, SB268, SB1822, SB1188, SB1939, SB1589, SB397, SB1388, SB2230, SB1058, SB1036, SB1267, SB2112, SB1930, SB532, SB1035, SB2155, SB508, SB29, SB292, SB291, SB901, SB1333, SB1436, SB1494, SB964, SB779, SB1378, SB2312, SB1719, SB1386, SB287, SB2143, SB1245, SB261, SB1247, SB1948, SB2406, SB2407, SB1882, SB1197, SB1814, SB618, SB38, SB393, SB2065, SB1371, SB1394, SB1365, SB2243, SB2226, SB2039, SB1919, SB1895, SB1598, SB1493, SB1810, SB1791, SB1706, SB1644, SB1238, SB783, SB458, SB22, SB651, SB897, SB7, SB125, SB578, SB608, SB617, SB763, SB836, SB878, SB906, SB920, SB942, SB985, SB1084, SB1366, SB1388, SB1563, SB1737, SB1738, SB1816, SB1939, SB406, SB689, SR327, SR346, SR351, SR352

Keywords: parental rights, education, constitutional amendment, school choice, child education, water infrastructure, financial assistance, Texas Water Development Board, water supply, environmental sustainability, immigration enforcement, ICE agreements, sheriff grants, law enforcement, county jail, federal immigration law, business organization, internal management, corporate governance, partnerships

Summary: The meeting was marked by significant discussions around key legislative bills, primarily focusing on the implications of HB22, which was introduced by Senator Flinstone. The bill received both support and opposition from various committee members and witnesses. Notably, concerns raised involved the potential impacts of the legislation on local communities and resources. Members engaged in a spirited debate, with several stakeholders providing testimonials highlighting their perspectives on the bill's repercussions. Additionally, the committee took the opportunity to address other minor bills, although they did not receive as much attention.

Transcript Highlights:

• We teach kids well...
• I am in my third year of teaching.
• Each month, we would add another hour of teaching until February and March when I was able to teach a
• I had colleagues next to me who were teaching and had done student teaching models or alternative certification
• ...entries into the teaching profession to consider teaching

Bills: HB2

Keywords: public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, school finance, HB2, education funding, entitlement funding, county appraisal districts, public education reform, budget reductions

Summary: The committee meeting was focused on discussing HB2, a significant piece of legislation aimed at reforming school finance in Texas. During the discussion, members highlighted the ongoing challenges faced by school districts, including the impact of county appraisal districts failing the comptroller's property value study, which has led to budget reductions for many districts. Concerns were raised about ensuring that schools receive their entitlement funding and the need for potential amendments to address unresolved issues permanently. Various members expressed appreciation for the efforts made in HB2 to increase funding for at-risk students and improve overall educational outcomes.

Transcript Highlights:

• It teaches children hate and fear.
• That is not a lesson any school should teach.
• Teachers are trying to teach your kids math.
• First off, I'll say that as educators, teaching is a calling.
• Are we going to stop teaching history?

Bills: HB1325, HB1655, HB3312, HB5526, SB13, SB57, SB207, HB441, HB591, HB5019, SB27, SB843

Keywords: student transfer, public servants, education code, peace officer, servicemember, judicial officer, school security, volunteer program, retired law enforcement, veterans, public safety, school safety, criminal background check, school libraries, library advisory councils, parental rights, library materials, educational content, challenging materials, sparsity adjustment

Summary: The committee meeting focused on the controversial HB1655, which aims to prohibit public school employees from facilitating or promoting the social transitioning of students. Testimonies for the bill emphasized parental rights and concerns about the mental wellbeing of children undergoing social transition without parental knowledge. Witnesses highlighted alarming cases, invoking examples of children being socially transitioned in schools that negate parental involvement, framing it as dangerous and deceptive. Conversely, opposition testimony raised concerns that the bill infringes upon the rights of transgender students to express their identities in supportive environments, highlighting the mental health implications for LGBTQ+ youth.

Transcript Highlights:

• They teach others.

• For other schools or things like that or teaches at the local community college that they have dual credit
• And it makes the liability consistent with the first responder standard of gross negligence, which equates
• This bill relates to medical school admissions, coursework, academic standards, and employment decisions
• Standardization of the grading and all that, I'm just concerned

Keywords: education, public safety, tuition exemptions, school liability, child protection, committee recommendations

Summary: The Senate Committee on Education K-16 convened to address several legislative proposals, primarily focusing on bills related to education and public safety. Among the notable discussions was House Bill 121 concerning public school safety measures. Advocates highlighted the need for enhanced security protocols and the commissioning of peace officers, while the committee unanimously passed the bill for further review by the full Senate. Additionally, House Bill 1105, which provides tuition exemptions for certain parent paramedics, sparked an engaging debate about educational incentives and support for emergency responders, resulting in a favorable recommendation from the committee. The session also witnessed an intensive discussion on HB 4623 that intertwines the liability of educational institutions and their employees in the context of student protection, reflecting on the impact of recent testimony on children’s abuse cases heard previously.

Transcript Highlights:

• to get involved in lawsuits against school districts, including my own, for not meeting federal standards
• Standard between private school students, which is higher
• At that point, then, you would use your standard dispute resolution.
• Clearly, they don't work by any standard we've ever seen in the expert community.
• I will be back teaching in the fall at Michigan State University.

Bills: HB3

Keywords: education savings account, educational expenses, certified educational assistance organization, school choice, funding, special education, tuition reimbursement, education funding, public schools, HB3, voucher systems, equity in education, testimony, committee discussion

Summary: The meeting centered around critical discussions regarding HB3, particularly focusing on public school funding and educational mandates. There were passionate exchanges among committee members as they debated the implications of the bill on equity in education and funding transparency. Expert testimonies were heard, including an education policy expert who underscored previous findings that highlighted the potential negative impacts of voucher systems on students, especially those from marginalized backgrounds. The discussion raised vital questions regarding how similar programs in other states had fared, emphasizing lessons learned from their experiences.

Transcript Highlights:

• According to Matthew 6, in teaching how to pray, Jesus

• She serves on the SAFD Cancer Committee and teaches at the Fire Academy.
• Teaching is human error. The Texas Judicial Council is for certain justices and judges.

• But you are under the standard structure.

• Yes, we're in the standard structure.

Bills: SCR46, SB31, SB39, SB227, SB330, SB401, SB407, SB467, SB482, SB500, SB506, SB512, SB527, SB584, SB619, SB636, SB646, SB647, SB648, SB659, SB663, SB715, SB732, SB758, SB801, SB816, SB847, SB870, SB884, SB1020, SB1055, SB1065, SB1137, SB1169, SB1181, SB1283, SB1383, SB1395, SB1410, SB1433, SB1490, SB1558, SB1574, SB1626, SB1666, SB1718, SB1727, SB1756, SB1757, SB1845, SB1924, SB1964, SB1972, SB2018, SB2031, SB2075, SB2076, SB2080, SB2111, SB2117, SB2154, SB2161, SB2173, SB2206, SB2225, SB2253, SB2268, SB2314, SB2322, SB2351, SB2371, SB2476, SB2533, SB2540, SB2570, SB2589, SB2623, SB2658, SB2660, SB2692, SB2693, SB2717, SB2722, SB2753, SB2779, SB2877, SB2880, SB2900, SB2920, SB3031, HJR4, SB5, SB260, SB1786, SJR3, SJR18, SB1, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR84, SJR59, SCR12, SCR39, SCR46, SCR48, SCR19, SB2023, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB1073, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB1502, SB507, SB1026, SB1433, SB1434, SB1376, SB1585, SB1772, SB2016, SB1163, SB619, SB1122, SB732, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB261, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB529, SB209, SB2429, SB1999, SB511, SB2309, SB510, SB1924, SB2253, SB2018, SB2206, SB584, SB1085, SB1490, SB2314, SB2046, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB1524, SB1137, SB636, SB2056, SB1558, SB884, SB227, SB517, SB1200, SB1410, SB1626, SB1845, SB1863, SB2681, SB2200, SB2199, SB1757, SB2050, SB2458, SB2201, SB1055, SB2660, SB2662, SB1065, SB801, SB2533, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB648, SB647, SB512, SB1721, SB2268, SB2366, SB1013, SB2692, SB2570, SB2797, SB2111, SB2371, SB2383, SB646, SB1169, SB1754, SB1718, SB2779, SB2004, SB1756, SB2119, SB527, SB2322, SB2448, SB1777, SB1283, SB407, SB2392, SB2076, SB2786, SB3031, SB2877, SB2876, SB2284, SB2225, SB1540, SB2920, SB2929, SB1395, SB1972, SB2540, SB2742, SB2595, SB2217, SB2117, SB715, SB2330, SB1964, SB1383, SB500, SB1640, SB2001, SB2080, SB2722, SB506, SB2514, SB2623, SB2658, SB1574, SB2900, SB2753, SB2398, SB401, SB1241, SB2927, SB2173, SB2538, SB898, SB467, SB1449, SB2529, SB1531, SB2846, SB2476, SB2031, SB986, SB1181, SB2075, SB2154, SB2864, SB31, SB2880, SB1359, SB2386, SB771, SB2844, SB2550, SB1351, SB1423, SB1931, SB2245, SB2589, SB2707, SB2807, SB2351, SB410, SB659, SB816, SB2776, SB2693, SB2580, SB1980, SB1886, SB1234, SB739, SB482, SB456, SB127, SB1666, SB2843, SB2801, SB800, SB2055, SB784, SB2986, SB735, SB1012, SB324, SB2926, SB2938, SB2007, SB2138, SB1242, HJR4, HB135, HB1109, SCR30, SCR3, SB2615, SB1049, SB2310, SB1224, SB2972, SB1568, SB2841, SB2885, SB3016, SB2858, SB2610, SB2139, SB1856, SB2035, SB2308, SB2306, SB2041, SB1528, SB1681, SB1141, SB2401, SB2530, SB2375, SB547, SB1266, SB1373, SB1467, SB2069, SB2269, SB2480, SB2544, SB672, SB904, SB2695, SB2891, SB2422, SB2543, SB1854, SB317, SB2539, SB2532, SB2925, SB1250, SB2082, SB2203, SB457, SB2357, HCR35, HCR64

Keywords: Texas beef, cattle industry, agricultural heritage, Texas strip steak, economic growth, school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, county funding, prosecutors' offices, elections, law enforcement, local government, non-enrolled students, interscholastic activities, school sports, eligibility, school policy

Summary: The meeting centered around critical legislative bills related to education, safety, and public health. Notably, the discussion on Senate Bill 1924 reaffirmed the need for improved disciplinary measures in schools, allowing school authorities to issue misdemeanors for serious misconduct. Members expressed the importance of creating safe learning environments, with several amendments introduced to balance the need for accountability without excessive punitive measures. The bill garnered strong support from school officials and was ultimately passed with amendments ensuring protections for students' records and prevention of excessive penalties. Another significant bill discussed was Senate Bill 2018, which aims to establish a tax credit for businesses contributing to non-profit organizations serving Texas families. The committee members emphasized the importance of supporting stable family structures for overall societal health. Further debates included Senate Bill 2570, focusing on the legal defenses available to law enforcement when employing less-than-lethal force. Several members raised concerns regarding perspectives included in these legislative proposals, ensuring a comprehensive view was represented in the discussions. Overall, the session was marked by a collaborative effort to address crucial societal issues through legislative action.

Transcript Highlights:

• This drastic increase is due to a collapse of standards in our institutions.
• It will finally entice institutions to raise standards for the good of our students.

• We also maintain rigorous quality standards.

• What does this all have to do with a college entrance exam, a standardized test?
• Having an objective standard is important.

Bills: HB1105, HB1527, HB1787, HB1972, HB2081, HB3296, HB3976, HB4071, HB4234, HB4438, HB4701, HB5092, HB5150, HB5180, HB5265, HB5333, HJR203

Keywords: tuition exemption, paramedics, higher education, laboratory fees, emergency medical services, tuition exemption, peace officers, higher education, criminal justice, law enforcement, degree programs, public institutions, nutrition education, medical curriculum, public health, dietary practices, chronic diseases, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities, higher education

Summary: The committee meeting primarily focused on several bills related to education and public safety. Notable discussions included HB1105, which seeks to provide EMS employees with tuition exemptions similar to those received by firefighters and police officers, thus addressing educational parity among first responders. Representative Ward-Johnson presented the bill and highlighted the growing responsibilities of paramedics in the changing landscape of emergency services. Witnesses from the Austin EMS Association spoke in support, emphasizing the importance of quality education for EMS workers in enhancing public safety and service delivery. The committee also discussed HB1705 and HB2290, which aim to improve educational accreditation and health benefits for students, respectively, indicating a broad focus on enhancing the educational framework within the state.

Transcript Highlights:

• Educator preparation programs meet high standards.
• I want to start by saying that Texas is ranked 35th on education standards.
• Now the standard in tort law is proximate cause of the injury.
• Does this depart from the traditional standard?
• It's a standard of proof in tort claims.

Bills: SJR59, SCR30, SCR46, SB31, SB127, SB324, SB401, SB407, SB467, SB482, SB506, SB529, SB584, SB619, SB636, SB646, SB647, SB659, SB715, SB732, SB735, SB771, SB784, SB800, SB801, SB816, SB1013, SB1026, SB1049, SB1055, SB1065, SB1137, SB1169, SB1181, SB1383, SB1395, SB1410, SB1433, SB1524, SB1531, SB1568, SB1640, SB1666, SB1681, SB1718, SB1754, SB1757, SB1972, SB1980, SB2004, SB2007, SB2041, SB2046, SB2050, SB2075, SB2076, SB2154, SB2173, SB2206, SB2225, SB2253, SB2268, SB2306, SB2308, SB2314, SB2322, SB2330, SB2351, SB2366, SB2371, SB2392, SB2398, SB2476, SB2533, SB2540, SB2544, SB2589, SB2610, SB2623, SB2660, SB2662, SB2693, SB2707, SB2717, SB2722, SB2742, SB2753, SB2779, SB2807, SB2843, SB2844, SB2858, SB2877, SB2880, SB2885, SB2920, SB2938, SB2986, HJR4, HCR35, SJR3, SJR18, SB5, SB260, SB1786, SB914, SB963, SB1197, SB1415, SB1437, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR84, SJR59, SCR12, SCR39, SCR46, SCR48, SCR19, SCR30, SCR3, SB2023, SB1433, SB2322, SB2877, SB407, SB1718, SB1395, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB1073, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB1502, SB507, SB1026, SB1434, SB1376, SB1585, SB1772, SB2016, SB1163, SB619, SB1122, SB732, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB261, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB529, SB209, SB2429, SB1999, SB511, SB2309, SB510, SB2253, SB584, SB1085, SB2314, SB2046, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB1524, SB1137, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB517, SB1200, SB1410, SB1845, SB1863, SB2681, SB2200, SB2199, SB1757, SB2050, SB2458, SB2201, SB1055, SB2660, SB2662, SB1065, SB801, SB2533, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB647, SB1721, SB2268, SB2366, SB1013, SB2797, SB2371, SB2383, SB646, SB1169, SB1754, SB2779, SB2004, SB2119, SB2448, SB1777, SB1283, SB2392, SB2076, SB2786, SB2876, SB2284, SB2225, SB1540, SB2920, SB2929, SB1972, SB2540, SB2742, SB2595, SB2217, SB715, SB2330, SB1383, SB500, SB1640, SB2001, SB2080, SB2722, SB506, SB2514, SB2623, SB2753, SB2398, SB1241, SB2927, SB2173, SB2538, SB898, SB467, SB1449, SB2529, SB1531, SB2846, SB2476, SB986, SB1181, SB2075, SB2154, SB2864, SB31, SB2880, SB1359, SB2386, SB771, SB2844, SB2550, SB1351, SB1423, SB1931, SB2245, SB2589, SB2707, SB2807, SB2351, SB410, SB659, SB816, SB2776, SB2693, SB2580, SB1980, SB1886, SB1234, SB739, SB482, SB456, SB127, SB1666, SB2843, SB2801, SB800, SB2055, SB784, SB2986, SB735, SB1012, SB324, SB2926, SB2938, SB2007, SB2138, SB1242, SB2615, SB1049, SB2310, SB1224, SB2972, SB1568, SB2841, SB2885, SB3016, SB2858, SB2610, SB2139, SB1856, SB2035, SB2308, SB2306, SB2041, SB1528, SB1681, SB1141, SB2401, SB2530, SB2375, SB547, SB1266, SB1373, SB1467, SB2069, SB2269, SB2480, SB2544, SB672, SB904, SB2695, SB2891, SB2422, SB2543, SB1854, SB317, SB2539, SB2532, SB2925, SB1250, SB2082, SB2203, SB457, SB2357, HJR4, HB135, HB1109, HCR35, HCR64, SB2721, SB243, SB1285, SB2568, SB1959, SB1442, SB1454, SB2520, SB2541, SB1708, SB1237, SB1844, SB1586

Keywords: education funding, Texas State Technical College System, capital projects, infrastructure, higher education, Birding Capital, Matagorda County, wildlife, conservation, Texas Legislature, Texas beef, cattle industry, agricultural heritage, Texas strip steak, economic growth, child abuse, reporting obligation, statute of limitations, negligence, legal professionals

Summary: During the committee meeting, several significant bills were discussed and passed, reflecting a range of legislative priorities. Notably, SB816, which authorizes the disclosure of certain electronic customer data by electronic communication service providers, was brought to a vote after a successful amendment that clarified its application to law enforcement agencies. The bill passed with support, garnering 27 ayes against 4 nays. In a parallel concern for public safety, SB482 was also passed, which increases criminal penalties for assault and harassment against utility workers, acknowledging the essential services they provide, especially during crises. The passage of this bill was an effort to reinforce protections for those in vulnerable positions during emergencies.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...certain standards when we don't have the same type of
• And so after the opening of Yes Prep, Wheatley was never again able to meet standards that it had once

• So there's 34% of our teaching...

• So if you have one teacher that teaches all of those things, then I can do it.
• You can rarely find one teacher who can teach all those subjects.

Keywords: education funding, basic allotment, public testimonies, school districts, legislative recommendations

Summary: The meeting primarily focused on reviewing updates and recommendations related to education funding and legislative measures for public schools. Significant discussions included the implications of the new educational budget proposal, as well as public testimonies advocating for increased funding to support school districts facing financial difficulties. Notably, there was a strong emphasis on adjusting the basic allotment to accommodate inflation and ensure that school funding is based on student enrollment rather than attendance, to better support districts struggling with deficits and operational challenges.

Transcript Highlights:

• If I want to go into teaching, I can take this, and as a block
• , it will apply wherever I go to transfer as a teaching student to the four-year university.
• Just because some dean in some college says that, you know, that algebra wasn't up to our standards,

Bills: SB2847, SB3039

Keywords: higher education, transfer students, education transparency, academic credit, institutional reporting, Senate Committee on Education, SB2846, SB2847, higher education, curricula flexibility, workforce alignment, student transfer

Summary: The Senate Committee on Education K through 16 convened to discuss two significant bills, SB2846 and SB2847, with a focus on enhancing educational structures in Texas. Senator Hagen-Booe introduced SB2847, which aims to provide greater flexibility in core curricula for bachelor's degree programs. The discussion highlighted the potential positive implications of this bill, particularly in terms of aligning education with workforce needs and reducing barriers for students seeking technical degrees. However, there was no public testimony registered for either bill, which limited the input from stakeholders outside the legislative body. The committee chair indicated that further review of SB3039 would be necessary, pending additional discussions and data collection on student transfer issues from community colleges to four-year universities.

Bills: HJR98, HJR99, HB29, HB136, HB142, HB166, HB353, HB1399, HB2000, SJR59, SCR19, SB128, SB261, SB317, SB383, SB393, SB397, SB466, SB517, SB571, SB612, SB705, SB715, SB731, SB748, SB801, SB867, SB913, SB945, SB946, SB986, SB1013, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1117, SB1181, SB1250, SB1263, SB1285, SB1444, SB1483, SB1528, SB1553, SB1556, SB1608, SB1723, SB1858, SB1946, SB1957, SB1986, SB1999, SB2043, SB2056, SB2082, SB2105, SB2133, SB2138, SB2177, SB2203, SB2221, SB2311, SB2334, SB2337, SB2340, SB2373, SB2417, SB2446, SB2452, SB2477, SB2532, SB2565, SB2587, SB2615, SB2622, SB2633, SB2637, SB2681, SB2713, SB2717, SB2781, SB2782, SB2835, SB2841, SB2857, SB2891, SB2943, SB2994, SB2995, SB3016, SB3047, SB3057, SB3059, SJR3, SB5, SB72, SB509, SB616, SB963, SB985, SB1143, SB1172, SB1267, SB1271, SB1273, SB1759, SB1786, SB2361, SB1025, SB1080, SB1245, SB1355, SB1422, SB1, SB260, SB1506, SB1637, HJR98, HJR99, HJR2, HJR1, HB1109, HB1392, HB22, HB3093, HB517, HB1130, HB142, HB1689, HB2018, HB136, HB2884, HB1393, HB2730, HB1399, HB1244, HB467, HB331, HB2559, HB29, HB26, HB166, HB353, HB2000, HB2756, HB3248, HB3513, HB3204, HB3135, HB3012, HB2763, HB2523, HB2457, HB2415, HB2198, HB2143, HB1708, HB1672, HB767, HB1327, HB2723, HB451, HB140, HB109, HB3096, HCR6, HCR12, HCR29, HCR50, HCR55, HCR56, HCR58, HCR70, HCR71, HCR74, HCR78, HCR80, HCR107, HCR116, HCR117, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR59, SCR12, SCR39, SCR48, SCR19, SB2023, SB1957, SB2615, SB2138, SB3016, SB1999, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB1073, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1163, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB261, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB511, SB2309, SB510, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB517, SB1200, SB1845, SB2681, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB1013, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB715, SB1640, SB2538, SB1449, SB1181, SB1359, SB410, SB1234, SB2926, SB2972, SB2841, SB1856, SB1528, SB1373, SB672, SB2891, SB1854, SB317, SB2539, SB2532, SB1250, SB2082, SB2203, SB1285, SB1454, SB2520, SB1237, SB1586, SB2819, SB629, SB2342, SB2903, SB2477, SB3029, SB375, SB777, SB2367, SB2703, SB2608, SB2965, SB2521, SB2165, SB2501, SB2452, SB2835, SB1602, SB1704, SB1723, SB1858, SB1946, SB2009, SB2177, SB2460, SB2785, SB2373, SB867, SB1608, SB640, SB1698, SB383, SB705, SB748, SB1117, SB2340, SB2680, SB2994, SB2747, SB1950, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB3059, SB2782, SB2781, SB2637, SB2633, SB2337, SB2334, SB1861, SB2043, SB1367, SB946, SB945, SB2857, SB128, SB571, SB1263, SB3058, SB612, SB2221, SB2587, SB2044, SB2363, SB2713, SB2311, SB1986, SB2565, SB2943, SB1888, SB2417, SB3048, SB3052, SB3053, SB3036, SB3057, SB3056, SB3043, SB3037, SB3050, SB3063, SB3047, SB3035, SB2446, SB466, SB2611, SB2794, SB2105, SB2017, SB1790, SB1778, SB1730, SB2995, SB2847, SB205, SB2619, SB1903, SB203, SB3061, SB1581, SB2600, SB2799, SB2790, SB2688, SB2515, SB1230, SB876, SB2522, SB2639, SB2137, SB2519, SB2403, SB2459, SB3051, SB2655, SB2251, SB2764, SB2878, SB1884, SB111, SB582, SB2617, SB1835, SB2751, SB2959, HB206, HB1238, HB1089, HB2890, HB9, HB2081, HB4215, HB2970, SB2063, SB1400, SB2058, SB2260, SB2928, SB1310

Keywords: Article V, federal government, fiscal restraints, constitutional amendment, term limits, animal feed, tax exemption, ad valorem taxation, retail, constitutional amendment, Medicaid, lactation, healthcare, consultation, reimbursement, maternal health, infant care, child endangerment, controlled substances, penalty group

Summary: The committee meeting covered several significant bills, notably SB612, SB517, and SB2587. SB612 saw discussions around extending cost-based protections to developers, and it was moved to engrossment and eventually passed unanimously. The bill emphasizes limiting the fees imposed by water districts on developers, ensuring that they are reasonable and reflective of actual costs. Meanwhile, SB517 focused on gambling regulations, particularly addressing issues surrounding illegal electronic gambling devices, and passed with strong support. Additionally, SB2587 aimed at clarifying eligibility for national background checks in state employment, which was also passed after minimal objections.

Transcript Highlights:

• Value-based standards.
• Applying the reliability standard to only future generation will do little to bring balance back to the
• The PUC continues to have full authority to set the reliability standard and establish penalties.
• And incentives based on that standard.
• My understanding is that because you struck through the day on these standard generator interconnection

Bills: HJR98, HJR99, HB29, HB136, HB142, HB166, HB353, HB1399, HB2000, SJR59, SCR19, SB128, SB261, SB317, SB383, SB393, SB397, SB466, SB517, SB571, SB612, SB705, SB715, SB731, SB748, SB801, SB867, SB913, SB945, SB946, SB986, SB1013, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1117, SB1181, SB1250, SB1263, SB1285, SB1444, SB1483, SB1528, SB1553, SB1556, SB1608, SB1723, SB1858, SB1946, SB1957, SB1986, SB1999, SB2043, SB2056, SB2082, SB2105, SB2133, SB2138, SB2177, SB2203, SB2221, SB2311, SB2334, SB2337, SB2340, SB2373, SB2417, SB2446, SB2452, SB2477, SB2532, SB2565, SB2587, SB2615, SB2622, SB2633, SB2637, SB2681, SB2713, SB2717, SB2781, SB2782, SB2835, SB2841, SB2857, SB2891, SB2943, SB2994, SB2995, SB3016, SB3047, SB3057, SB3059, SJR3, SB5, SB72, SB509, SB616, SB963, SB985, SB1143, SB1172, SB1267, SB1271, SB1273, SB1759, SB1786, SB2361, SB1025, SB1080, SB1245, SB1355, SB1422, SB1, SB260, SB1506, SB1637, HJR98, HJR99, HJR2, HJR1, HB1109, HB1392, HB22, HB3093, HB517, HB1130, HB142, HB1689, HB2018, HB136, HB2884, HB1393, HB2730, HB1399, HB1244, HB467, HB331, HB2559, HB29, HB26, HB166, HB353, HB2000, HB2756, HB3248, HB3513, HB3204, HB3135, HB3012, HB2763, HB2523, HB2457, HB2415, HB2198, HB2143, HB1708, HB1672, HB767, HB1327, HB2723, HB451, HB140, HB109, HB3096, HCR6, HCR12, HCR29, HCR50, HCR55, HCR56, HCR58, HCR70, HCR71, HCR74, HCR78, HCR80, HCR107, HCR116, HCR117, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR59, SCR12, SCR39, SCR48, SCR19, SB2023, SB1957, SB2615, SB2138, SB3016, SB1999, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB1073, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1163, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB261, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB511, SB2309, SB510, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB517, SB1200, SB1845, SB2681, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB1013, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB715, SB1640, SB2538, SB1449, SB1181, SB1359, SB410, SB1234, SB2926, SB2972, SB2841, SB1856, SB1528, SB1373, SB672, SB2891, SB1854, SB317, SB2539, SB2532, SB1250, SB2082, SB2203, SB1285, SB1454, SB2520, SB1237, SB1586, SB2819, SB629, SB2342, SB2903, SB2477, SB3029, SB375, SB777, SB2367, SB2703, SB2608, SB2965, SB2521, SB2165, SB2501, SB2452, SB2835, SB1602, SB1704, SB1723, SB1858, SB1946, SB2009, SB2177, SB2460, SB2785, SB2373, SB867, SB1608, SB640, SB1698, SB383, SB705, SB748, SB1117, SB2340, SB2680, SB2994, SB2747, SB1950, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB3059, SB2782, SB2781, SB2637, SB2633, SB2337, SB2334, SB1861, SB2043, SB1367, SB946, SB945, SB2857, SB128, SB571, SB1263, SB3058, SB612, SB2221, SB2587, SB2044, SB2363, SB2713, SB2311, SB1986, SB2565, SB2943, SB1888, SB2417, SB3048, SB3052, SB3053, SB3036, SB3057, SB3056, SB3043, SB3037, SB3050, SB3063, SB3047, SB3035, SB2446, SB466, SB2611, SB2794, SB2105, SB2017, SB1790, SB1778, SB1730, SB2995, SB2847, SB205, SB2619, SB1903, SB203, SB3061, SB1581, SB2600, SB2799, SB2790, SB2688, SB2515, SB1230, SB876, SB2522, SB2639, SB2137, SB2519, SB2403, SB2459, SB3051, SB2655, SB2251, SB2764, SB2878, SB1884, SB111, SB582, SB2617, SB1835, SB2751, SB2959, HB206, HB1238, HB1089, HB2890, HB9, HB2081, HB4215, HB2970, SB2063, SB1400, SB2058, SB2260, SB2928, SB1310

Keywords: Article V, federal government, fiscal restraints, constitutional amendment, term limits, animal feed, tax exemption, ad valorem taxation, retail, constitutional amendment, Medicaid, lactation, healthcare, consultation, reimbursement, maternal health, infant care, child endangerment, controlled substances, penalty group

Summary: The recent committee meeting focused on a number of significant legislative initiatives, including valuable discussions surrounding Senate Bills 2633, 2477, and 2373, along with House Bill 29. Notably, SB2633 passed with substantial support and aims to facilitate local option elections for alcohol sales in Garland, streamlining licensing processes for the city. Meanwhile, SB2477 addressed the alarming issue of office vacancy and housing shortages in Texas cities, promoting the conversion of underutilized office spaces into residential units, which garnered approval from members after addressing concerns about municipal regulations. Additionally, SB2373 took center stage due to its focus on curbing financial fraud related to deepfake videos, a rising concern within the state, and it received unanimous backing from the committee members, highlighting its importance.

Transcript Highlights:

• This standard is vague and could be taken advantage of

• We in Texas should maintain a clear standard that local...
• they're safe in that teaching environment.
• Vague a standard for children of this age.
• If this is a demanded standard...

Keywords: legislation, Senate Joint Resolution 40, Senate Bill 871, constitutional amendment, emergency powers, governor authority, legislative oversight

Summary: The meeting focused on several crucial pieces of legislation, notably Senate Joint Resolution 40, which proposed a constitutional amendment to clarify the powers of the governor, the legislature, and the Supreme Court during emergencies. Senator Birdwell presented the resolution, emphasizing the need for legislative involvement during prolonged crises. It garnered broad support, passing with 29 votes in favor and only 1 against. Following this, Senate Bill 871, considered the enabling legislation, was also moved for discussion, with the aim of reinforcing the legislature's authority during emergencies while establishing clear guidelines for the governor's powers.

Transcript Highlights:

• is the knowing standard, and that's a pretty high standard because the prosecutor would have to prove
• is I had to teach myself how to speak like a man.
• I personally believe that's something we ought to be teaching from pre-K to 12th grade.
• What's the standard for suspicion?
• Chairman, will there be somebody else who can speak to the standard?

Bills: HB256, HB1308, HB1554, HB1743, HB2308, HB2351, HB2858, HB3676, HB3784, HB4312, HB4552, HB4823, HB4852, HB5007, HB5010, HB5520, HB5524, HCR19

Keywords: E-verify, employment verification, illegal employment, state contracts, government entities, license suspension, immigration compliance, state grant funding, E-Verify, employment verification, state contracts, illegal employment, government entities, license suspension, compliance, penalties, employment verification, E-Verify, immigration, government contracts

Summary: The committee meeting focused on several pressing legislative issues, with a significant emphasis on immigration-related bills such as HB256 and HB253. Witnesses provided differing perspectives on the implications of these bills, particularly concerning privacy and familial integrity in the context of immigration law. Notably, there were arguments against the invasive DNA testing proposed in HB256, highlighting concerns about accuracy and the potential consequences of errors leading to wrongful separations of families. This discussion revealed a palpable tension between security measures and the preservation of individual rights, prompting the committee to consider the ethical ramifications of such legislation. Additionally, House Bill 4552 was introduced, aimed at ensuring equal treatment in government contracting, which spurred further debate on the balance of meritocracy and social equity in public sectors.

Transcript Highlights:

• and the capacity of the state's workforce to teach dual credit
• positions to confirm they are not subject to this restriction when filing and apply the new eligibility standard
• Adopt rules establishing standardized procedures for the timely
• Teaching is neuroscience in so many ways, and we believe that the people who have been doing it the longest
• This is the first effort in years to assess how the various teaching rules and requirements interact

Keywords: foster youth, education, state college tuition, House Bill 1211, support, committee meeting

Summary: During this committee meeting, a total of 16 bills were discussed, covering various topics mainly focused on education and support for vulnerable populations. Notably, House Bill 1211 was a significant highlight, aiming to remove the 25th birthday deadline for former foster youth to utilize state college tuition benefits. This bill garnered strong support from multiple members, including personal testimonies from individuals who benefited from such educational support. The conversation around HB1211 emphasized the challenges faced by former foster youth, including lack of awareness and support, which aligns with the bill's objective of extending opportunities regardless of age.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Heat Illness Prevention Standards must be consistent with the standards and recommendations related
• Let me be clear: OSHA does not currently have a permanent federal heat illness standard.
• We're bringing everyone together to collaborate on these standards, assuring all needs are met.
• These standards would be made with the input of health experts, workers, and employers.
• So we need to have just these bare minimum standards.

Bills: HB446, HB1609, HB4443, HB4464, HB4735, HB5476

Keywords: heat illness prevention, workplace safety, Texas Workforce Commission, advisory board, employee rights, administrative penalties, training requirements, heat illness prevention, workplace safety, Texas Workforce Commission, advisory board, administrative penalties, employee training, occupational health, heat illness prevention, workplace safety, advisory board, employer penalties, worker rights, heat illness

Summary: The meeting held by the committee focused on several bills aimed at improving worker safety and economic support for rural communities. Key discussions included the introduction of HB446, which aims to establish a Heat Illness Prevention Advisory Board to address the increasing number of heat-related worker deaths in Texas. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the need for heat safety standards and the emotional impact of heat-related illnesses on workers' lives. HB1609 was also presented, seeking protections for volunteer firefighters during declared disasters to prevent job loss while responding to emergencies. The committee expressed strong support for these initiatives, suggesting a collective understanding of their importance amid rising temperatures and demands on the workforce.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...and standards come through the Texas Department of Criminal
• in our high school diploma programs, our teachers are all certified in the subject area that they teach
• And they leave when they don't know how to teach.
• Texas to mandate in our code a higher standard for teacher
• certification for people who teach illegal alien criminals than for those who teach American citizen

Keywords: Texas Department of Criminal Justice, rehabilitation programs, budget cuts, recidivism, inmate education, employment training

Summary: The House Committee on Corrections convened to discuss various operational issues and concerns surrounding the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Notably, Executive Director Brian Collier highlighted ongoing initiatives to enhance inmate rehabilitation services, including job training programs aimed at reducing recidivism rates. While the session was not dedicated to voting on bills, the committee reviewed the budget cuts impacting correctional facilities, which raised questions regarding the potential effects on facility operations and inmate management. Concerns were also aired about maintaining standards for educational programs within the correctional framework.

Transcript Highlights:

• And it is because of you and the people that you have trained to teach us that there are right ways to
• Speaker, members, this bill brings the gold standard to all Texas families involved in our CPS system
• Again, it is all within their means, and raising these standards will help families, all families in
• standard screening of panel tests offered for STDs.
• The standard is just the same as for you or I to be elected.

Bills: HB29, HB125, HB145, HB171, HB255, HB50, HB796, HB363, HB116, HB491, HB589, HB1495, HB368, HB1285, HB1905, HB1360, HB2002, HB917, HB2723, HB2067, HB1238, HB2337, HB745, HB1188, HB1606, HB2003, HB2147, HB2391, HB2355, HB2546, HB2495, HB2818, HB2249, HB1749, HB3109, HB3228, HB3240, HB1507, HB658, HB1748, HB1851, HB1922, HB2001, HB2798, HB107, HCR29, SB5, SB262, HB11, HJR72, HB106, HB18, HB48, HB27, HB37, HB1481, HB581, HB1696, HB2216, HB1035, HB1633, HB742, HB754, HB1689, HB1690, HB2669, HB391, HB517, HB1024, HB1607, HB252, HB1716, HB1562, HB4116, HB1866, HB1741, HB2103, HB2637, HB2884, HB503, HB1089, HB2986, HB972, HB502, HB29, HB125, HB145, HB171, HB255, HB50, HB796, HB363, HB116, HB491, HB589, HB1495, HB368, HB1285, HB1905, HB1360, HB2002, HB917, HB2723, HB2067, HB1238, HB2337, HB745, HB1188, HB1606, HB2003, HB2147, HB2391, HB2355, HB2546, HB2495, HB2818, HB2249, HB1749, HB3109, HB3228, HB3240, HB1507, HB658, HB1748, HB1851, HB1922, HB2001, HB2798, HB107, HCR29

Keywords: medical education, osteopathic medicine, higher education, healthcare workforce, Tarleton State University, wildfire mitigation, utilities, electric service, liability, risk management, self-insurance, Texas Division of Emergency Management, chemical dependency, court-ordered treatment, mental health, health care, treatment facility, juvenile justice, criminal justice reform, ad valorem taxation

Summary: The committee meeting featured extensive discussions surrounding multiple bills, with a clear focus on issues related to privacy and technology. One notable discussion was led by Mr. Morales, who introduced HB1495 aimed at protecting the privacy of jurors after alarming incidents of intimidation. The bill garnered support and passed with a unanimous vote, reflecting a strong consensus on the importance of juror safety in civil trials. Furthermore, the committee reviewed HB368, concerning the use of remote control over electronic devices in protective orders, which also passed without opposition, indicating a proactive approach to evolving technological concerns in legislation. Additionally, Mr. Capriglione emphasized the establishment of an artificial intelligence division within the Department of Information Resources through HB2818, which was seen as a critical step toward leveraging AI for state modernization projects.

Transcript Highlights:

• We also think it's appropriate to raise the standard for when the state can take this serious step.
• We're raising the burden of proof from a kind of prudent standard to clear and convincing evidence.
• I don't have a problem with raising that standard, but I do think we want to make sure that we're not
• Creating one universal standard form...
• A lot of the next-gen vaccines are in standard clinical trials.

Bills: HB18, HB37, HB116, HB388, HB879, HB913, HB1151, HB2216, HB2358, HB2809, SB577, SB1590, SB1782, SB1887, SB2744

Keywords: rural health, hospital funding, healthcare access, mental health services, financial stability, perinatal bereavement, healthcare, hospital training, bereavement support, maternal care, fetal demise, stillbirth, neonatal death, parent-child relationship, involuntary termination, family law, child welfare, child protection, military veterans, healthcare licensing

Summary: The committee meeting primarily focused on various significant bills impacting health, family welfare, and vaccinations. Discussion around SB1887 generated notable interest, as it proposed a ten-year prohibition on administering mRNA vaccines, allowing exceptions for cancer treatment and genetic disorders. Senator Sparks, the bill's author, highlighted safety concerns regarding the mRNA technology, stating that further evaluations were necessary. Public testimonies included both support and opposition, with advocates arguing for informed consent and safety, while others expressed concern about restricting scientific advancements in healthcare. Additionally, the conversation addressed HB2216, which aimed at reforming parental rights in child welfare cases, ensuring that parental drug use alone would not warrant automatic termination of rights unless there was a direct, substantial risk to the child. Public testimony for this bill emphasized the need for additional resources to effectively implement its provisions. The committee also discussed HB2809 regarding tracking suicide attempts by children and SB1590 which proposed adopting an electronic process for paternity verification in adoption cases. Overall, the meeting was marked by lively discussions and significant public involvement, indicating the community's vested interest in the legislative outcomes.

Transcript Highlights:

• Heavenly Father, please do teach us to

• What's involved in helping that teacher learn how to teach the science of reading?
• Now, I don't know why school campuses decided not to teach spelling.
• Does your legislation further equip teachers on how to teach the science of reading?
• more expansive guidelines and standards, correct?

Bills: HB1535, HB123, HB111, HB180, HB342, HB1027, HB1178, HB610, HB1277, HB1615, HB1620, HB5342, HB4885, HB4751, HB4689, HB4530, HB4488, HB2149, HB2041, HB2071, HB1813, HB2282, HB2248, HB2243, HB2522, HB2310, HB2513, HB2300, HB1902, HB3719, HB4284, HB4327, HB3743, HB3778, HB3801, HB5153, HB5147, HB4877, HB4850, HB3158, HB3261, HB3005, HB3033, HB3138, HB3099, HB2849, HB2967, HB3488, HB3477, HB3466, HB3396, HB3469, HB2594, HB2776, HB2564, HB2298, HB5331, HB5646, HB5247, HB5323, HB2015, HB4384, HB3896, HB4014, HB3627, HB3594, HB2524, HB510, HB561, HB5111, HB5446, HB1181, HB3963, HB2785, HB1661, HB2460, HB24, HJR138, HB3800, HB42, HB129, HB677, HB668, HB2128, HB2038, HB2316, HB3686, HB2563, HB1160, HB3883, HB2788, HB2663, HB3305, HB3474, HB1105, HB3490, HB3597, HB1295, HB3512, HB3783, HB2017, HB3010, HB3112, HB4215, HB3223, HB3464, HB3120, HB4214, HB4081, HB4783, HB4063, HB2783, HB5085, HB2510, HB3426, HB4361, HB1169, HB2516, HB4700, HB3560, HB3860, HB3146, HB184, HB198, HB247, HB367, HB449, HB1778, HB514, HB632, HB2582, HB766, HB2715, HB2712, HB3069, HB3505, HB1269, HB4224, HB5032, HB2240, HB5180, HB3348, HB4668, HB4665, HB3395, HB3157, HB4395, HB4325, HB4386, HB4273, HB2760, HB2820, HB1828, HB1579, SB2349, SB1268, SB610, SB1577, SB1369, SB2032, SB2034, SB1057, SB1044, SB922, SB1759, SB1143, SB1506, SB1403, SB2361, SB870, SB372, SB72, SB1583, SB2314, SB1267, SB1273, SB765, SB552, HB2145, HJR112, HB1804, HJR110, HB1194, HB1531, HB5008, HB3421, SCR27, HB5398, HB1407, HB426, HB1535, HB123, HB1773, HB1871, HB2035, HB2448, HB2492, HB1411, HB4753, HB4666, HB4529, HB1499, HB1610, HB2028, HB1506, HB886, HB3546, HB796, HB223, HB1475, HB3556, HB4638, HB111, HB180, HB342, HB1027, HB1178, HB610, HB1277, HB1615, HB1620, HB5342, HB4885, HB4751, HB4689, HB4530, HB4488, HB2149, HB2041, HB2071, HB1813, HB2282, HB2248, HB2243, HB2522, HB2310, HB2513, HB2300, HB1902, HB3719, HB4284, HB4327, HB3743, HB3778, HB3801, HB5153, HB5147, HB4877, HB4850, HB3158, HB3261, HB3005, HB3033, HB3138, HB3099, HB2849, HB2967, HB3488, HB3477, HB3466, HB3396, HB3469, HB2594, HB2776, HB2564, HB2298, HB5331, HB5646, HB5247, HB5323, HB2015, HB4384, HB3896, HB4014, HB3627, HB3594, HB2524, HB510, HB561, HB5111, HB5446, HB1181, HB3963, HB2785, HB1661, HB2460, HCR98, HCR92, HCR126

Keywords: telepharmacy, healthcare access, remote dispensing, rural clinics, pharmacy regulations, education, temporary certification, out-of-state educators, teacher shortage, military spouses, severance payment, school superintendent, school district, education funding, contract termination, plant disease, pest outbreaks, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, agriculture, annual report

Summary: The meeting involved significant discussions on a variety of bills, notably including the passage of HB3305, which relates to the continuation of health care provider participation programs in certain counties, and received overwhelming support with 106 ayes. Another critical bill discussed was HB3474, which amends the evaluation and reporting of investment practices for public retirement systems, passing unanimously with 147 ayes. Additionally, there was debate surrounding HB2149 concerning non-conforming land uses post-zoning changes, which drew a point of order due to concerns over misleading analysis. The meeting showcased an active participation from members, with a focus on health care and zoning issues as debated by various representatives along with public testimonies incorporated into the session.